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Constrained Bayesian Methods for Union-Intersection and Intersection-Union Hypotheses Testing Problems
No full textThe Union-Intersection and Intersection-Union hypotheses testing problems are considered for all possible combinations of united and intersected sub-sets of hypotheses. Constrained Bayesian Method is developed for solving these problems. Optimal decision rules are derived for all stated combinations of hypotheses. Theorems on the optimality of the derived decision rules in the sense of the restrictions on Type-I and Type-II error rates to the desired levels are proved. The proposed theoretical methods are enhanced for practical examples. Extensive simulation results are presented to confirm the theoretical results and to illustrate the properties of the proposed procedures for a finite sample
Cooking with Modern Energy in Rural Households of India: A Cost–Benefit Analysis
No full textBetween 2016 and 2019, there has been an improvement in the percentage of rural households using clean cooking energy, partly owing to government interventions. However, unclean solid fuels are still the primary source of energy for cooking purposes for about 60% of rural households. One of the foremost reasons for this is the cost of acquiring and using clean energy sources. This paper estimates the cost incurred by a household when switching from solid fuels to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or electricity for cooking, followed by a social cost–benefit analysis of two interventions: universal provision of LPG to all rural households and universal provision of electricity to all rural households. The findings suggest that electricity is a cheaper alternative to LPG at the household level; however, investing in the universal provision of LPG is socially beneficial for the government. Universal provision of electricity for cooking can only become socially beneficial if the proportion of renewable electricity increases, reducing the environmental costs of carbon emissions from coal-based power plants
Curcumin-based Nanoformulation for the Pyroptotic Death of MDA-MB-231 Cells
No full textCurcumin (CU), a diphenolic natural flavonoid, has been considered as a next-generation anticancer agent; however, its efficacy is hindered by poor selectivity and low bioavailability (\u3c3 × 10-8 μM). Nanoformulation becomes a promising strategy for the target-specific delivery of flavonoid, wherein nanoformulation itself exhibits multiple therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Presently, we have developed CU and Prussian blue nanocube (PBNC)-based nanoformulation which shows chemo-phototoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC, ca. MDA-MB-231 cell line) but possesses compatibility against normal HEK-293 cells up to a concentration of ∼42 ± 2.1 μg/mL. We have validated the dual-mode T1-T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability of the nanoformulation having relaxivity parameters r1 ∼ 6.01 mM-1 s-1 and r2 ∼ 15.89 mM-1 s-1 under a clinical magnetic field of 3 T, higher than relaxivity parameters of commercially available MRI contrast agents [MAGNEVIST (r1 ∼ 3.1 mM-1 s-1, r2 ∼ 3.7 mM-1 s-1), GADOVIST (r1 ∼ 3.2 mM-1 s-1, r2 ∼ 3.9 mM-1 s-1), and PROHANCE (r1 ∼ 2.8 mM-1 s-1, r2 ∼ 3.2 mM-1 s-1 etc.]. Meanwhile, the size dependence of relaxivity parameters is dependent on crystal inhomogeneity and magnetization. In the therapeutic part, we have noticed oxidative stress-induced pyroptotic cell death, indexed by the expression of series of proteins including P2RX7-CASPASE1 and IL-1β-NLRP3. Smaller-sized particles show better theranostic activity due to easy internalization. In summary, our study suggests that PBNC (∼60 nm) is highly beneficial to deliver CU, while our conceptual study clearly demonstrates the role of size and functionalization on its theranostic properties
Developing a big data analytics platform using Apache Hadoop Ecosystem for delivering big data services in libraries
No full textPurpose: Although the challenges associated with big data are increasing, the question of the most suitable big data analytics (BDA) platform in libraries is always significant. The purpose of this study is to propose a solution to this problem. Design/methodology/approach: The current study identifies relevant literature and provides a review of big data adoption in libraries. It also presents a step-by-step guide for the development of a BDA platform using the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem. To test the system, an analysis of library big data using Apache Pig, which is a tool from the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem, was performed. It establishes the effectiveness of Apache Hadoop Ecosystem as a powerful BDA solution in libraries. Findings: It can be inferred from the literature that libraries and librarians have not taken the possibility of big data services in libraries very seriously. Also, the literature suggests that there is no significant effort made to establish any BDA architecture in libraries. This study establishes the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem as a possible solution for delivering BDA services in libraries. Research limitations/implications: The present work suggests adapting the idea of providing various big data services in a library by developing a BDA platform, for instance, providing assistance to the researchers in understanding the big data, cleaning and curation of big data by skilled and experienced data managers and providing the infrastructural support to store, process, manage, analyze and visualize the big data. Practical implications: The study concludes that Apache Hadoops’ Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce components significantly reduce the complexities of big data storage and processing, respectively, and Apache Pig, using Pig Latin scripting language, is very efficient in processing big data and responding to queries with a quick response time. Originality/value: According to the study, there are significantly fewer efforts made to analyze big data from libraries. Furthermore, it has been discovered that acceptance of the Apache Hadoop Ecosystem as a solution to big data problems in libraries are not widely discussed in the literature, although Apache Hadoop is regarded as one of the best frameworks for big data handling
Differential fault attack on AES-based encryption schemes: application to B5G/6G ciphers—Rocca, Rocca-S and AEGIS
No full textThe beyond 5G(B5G)/6G eras promise to revolutionize wireless communication with unprecedented speeds. However, ensuring security across hardware and software is a critical challenge. These technologies bridge physical and digital realms, underscoring the need for data protection. This paper delves into the security of ciphers dedicated for use in B5G/6G. We outline a comprehensive strategy for conducting differential fault attacks on Rocca, Rocca-S, and AEGIS. Initially, we demonstrate a fault attack on one AES round, requiring 16 faults in the known fault model. Additionally, we demonstrate that our attack strategy, based on the coupon collector problem, requires 50 faults in the random fault model. Through experimentation, we confirm that injecting 50 faults reduces the state space to 216. In both known and random fault models, Rocca and Rocca-S, with similar designs, exhibit identical attack complexities. Employing our strategy, we reduce the state space to 221.59 and 237.59 with 48 and 150 faults, respectively. The same strategy is also effective against AEGIS, another AES-based encryption system, for internal state recovery. For AEGIS-128 (subsequently for AEGIS-256), using 64 and 200 faults (80 and 250 faults) in the known and random fault model, the internal state space is reduced to 222 and 238 (222.32 and 238.32), respectively. This assessment exposes potential vulnerabilities in these ciphers under nonce-misuse conditions
Do Magnetic murmurs guide birds? A directional statistical investigation for influence of Earth’s Magnetic field on bird navigation
No full textThis paper delves into the intricate relationship between changes in Magnetic inclination and declination at specific geographical locations and the navigational decisions of migratory birds. Leveraging a dataset sourced from a prominent bird path tracking web resource, encompassing six distinct bird species’ migratory trajectories, latitudes, longitudes, and observation timestamps, we meticulously analyzed the interplay between these avian movements and corresponding alterations in Magnetic inclination and declination. Employing a circular von Mises distribution assumption for the latitude and longitude distributions within each subdivision, we introduced a pioneering circular-circular regression model, accounting for von Mises error, to scrutinize our hypothesis. Our findings, predominantly supported by hypothesis tests conducted through circular-circular regression analysis, underscore the profound influence of Magnetic inclination and declination shifts on the dynamic adjustments observed in bird migration paths. Moreover, our meticulous examination revealed a consistent adherence to von Mises distribution across all bird directions. Notably, we unearthed compelling correlations between specific bird species, such as the Black Crowned Night Heron and Brown Pelican, exhibiting a noteworthy negative correlation with Magnetic inclination and a contrasting positive correlation with Magnetic declination. Similarly, the Pacific loon demonstrated a distinct negative correlation with Magnetic inclination and a positive association with Magnetic declination. Conversely, other avian counterparts showcased positive correlations with both Magnetic declination and inclination, further elucidating the nuanced dynamics between avian navigation and the Earth’s magnetic field parameters
Dynamical robustness of network of oscillators
No full textMost complex systems are nonlinear, relying on emergent behavior resulting from many interacting subsystems, which are often characterized by oscillatory dynamics. Having collective oscillatory behavior is an essential requirement for an appropriate functioning of various real-world systems. Complex networks have proven to be exceptionally efficient in elucidating the topological structures of both natural and artificial systems, as well as describing diverse processes taking place over them. Remarkable advancements have been achieved in recent years in comprehending the emergent dynamics atop complex networks. Specifically, among other processes, a large body of works intend to explore the dynamical robustness of complex networks, which is the networks’ ability to withstand dynamical degradation in the network constituents while maintaining collective oscillatory dynamics. Indeed, various physical and biological systems are recognized to undergo a decline in their dynamic activities, whether occurring naturally or influenced by environmental factors. The impact of such damages on network performance can be significant, and the system\u27s robustness is indicative of its capability to maintain fundamental functionality in the face of dynamic deteriorations, often called aging. This review offers a comprehensive excerpt of notable research endeavors that scrutinize how networks sustain global oscillation under a growing number of inactive dynamical units. We present the contemporary research dedicated to the theoretical understanding and the enhancement mechanisms of the dynamical robustness in complex networks. Our emphasis lies on various network topologies and coupling functions, elucidating the persistence of networked systems. We cover variants of system characteristics from heterogeneity in network connectivity to heterogeneity in the dynamical units. Finally we discuss challenges ahead in this potential field and open areas for future studies
Estimation of burial depth using stylolite roughness from the Neoproterozoic Narji Limestone, Cuddapah Basin, India
No full textWe use the stylolite roughness inversion technique (SRIT) to decipher the principal vertical stress and corresponding burial depth of the Narji Limestone, Cuddapah Basin, India. The method is applied to bedding parallel stylolites (BPS), which are present in carbonate rocks and originated due to pressure dissolution along the contact points between layers and are caused by compaction and deformation of sedimentary rocks. In this study, we analyse the surface roughness of a set of 25 stylolites that run parallel to the sedimentary bedding. The study area is replete with Class 2 (seismogram pinning type) and Class 3 (suture and sharp peak) types of BPS, of which Class 3 is more appropriate for determining the burial depth, which is the dominant type. The results confirm that there are two self-affine scaling regimes in the stylolite morphology, with cross-over lengths (Lc) varying from 0.32 to 0.95. The calculated vertical stress varies from 19.0 to 43.6 MPa, estimating the range of burial depth of the Narji Limestone between 718 m and 1649 m, with a median of 923 ± 92 m
Evaluating the efficacy of vermicomposted products in rain-fed wetland rice and predicting potential hazards from metal-contaminated tannery sludge using novel machine learning tactic
No full textThe study assessed the ecotoxicity and bioavailability of potential metals (PMs) from tannery waste sludge, alongside addressing the environmental concerns of overuse of chemical fertilizers, by comparing the impacts of organic vermicomposted tannery waste, chemical fertilizers, and sole application of tannery waste on soil and rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. The results revealed that T3, which received high-quality vermicomposted tannery waste as an amendment, exhibited superior enzymatic characteristics compared to tannery sludge amended (TWS) treatments (T8, T9). After harvesting, vermicomposted tannery waste treatment (T3) showed a more significant decrease in PMs bioavailability. Accumulation of PMs in rice was minimal across all treatments except T8 and T9, where toxic tannery waste was present, resulting in a high-risk classification (class 5 \u3c 0.01) according to the SAMOE risk assessment. Results from Fuzzy-TOPSIS, ANN, and Sobol sensitivity analyses (SSA) further indicated that elevated concentrations of PMs (Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu) adversely impacted soil-plant health synergy, with T3 showing a minimal risk in comparison to T8 and T9. According to SSA, microbial biomass carbon and acid phosphatase activity were the most sensitive factors affected by PMs concentrations in TWS. The results from the ANN assay revealed that the primary contributing factor of toxicity on the TWS was the exchangeable fraction of Cr. Correlation statistics underscored the significant detrimental effect of PMs\u27 bioavailability on microbial and enzymatic parameters. Overall, the findings suggest that vermicomposting of tannery sludge waste shows potential as a viable organic amendment option in the near future
Fields with primitive elements having primitive image under rational functions
No full textIn this paper, we study the problem of the existence of a primitive element (Formula presented.) such that (Formula presented.) is also primitive in (Formula presented.) for a given non-exceptional (Formula presented.) with its degree sum greater than 1. We obtain a condition on q for the existence of such primitive elements when (Formula presented.) and f(x) belongs to the family of even or odd functions