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Recent progress in the role of seed endophytic bacteria as plant growth-promoting microorganisms and biocontrol agents
No full textThe importance of microorganisms residing within the host plant for their growth and health is increasingly acknowledged, yet the significance of microbes associated with seeds, particularly seed endophytic bacteria, remains underestimated. Seeds harbor a wide range of bacteria that can boost the growth and resilience of their host plants against environmental challenges. These endophytic associations also offer advantages for germination and seedling establishment, as seed endophytic bacteria are present during the initial stages of plant growth and development. Furthermore, plants can selectively choose bacteria possessing beneficial traits, which are subsequently transmitted through seeds to confer benefits to future generations. Interestingly, even with the ongoing discovery of endophytes in seeds through high-throughput sequencing methods, certain endophytes remain challenging to isolate and culture from seeds, despite their high abundance. These challenges pose difficulties in studying seed endophytes, making many of their effects on plants unclear. In this article, a framework for understanding the assembly and function of seed endophytes, including their sources and colonization processes was outlined in detail and available research on bacterial endophytes discovered within the seeds of various plant species has also been explored. Thus, this current review aims to provide valuable insights into the mechanism of underlying seed endophytic bacteria-host plant interactions and offers significant recommendations for utilizing the seed endophytic bacteria in sustainable agriculture as plant growth promoters and enhancers of environmental stress tolerance
Revisiting Black-Hat HLS: A Lightweight Countermeasure to HLS-Aided Trojan Attack
No full textOne of the dark side of horizontal semiconductor business model could be the supply of compromised computer-aided design (CAD) tools by an adversary to the designers. A compromised or black-hat high-level synthesis (HLS) tool may secretly insert Trojan into the design being synthesized to affect its functional or nonfunctional aspects. Recently, a black-hat HLS was presented which inserts fake operations during the scheduling process to enable battery exhaustion attack. In this letter, we present a framework to detect the fake operations inserted by a compromised HLS with the help of scheduling information provided by the tool. We implemented our detection framework on a number of benchmarks and analyzed the detection time and accuracy. We also analyzed the cost of fake operation insertion in terms of design area and delay overhead
Risk stratification of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes using LDA and CNN for clinical decision management - a multi-centre study in eastern India
No full textApproximately 72.9 million patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India are at a potential risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), strokes and peripheral gangrene. CVD is a major cause of disability and death is one of the major areas of risk severity stratification study. Unlike well-known prediction score models of CVD herein, a unique assessment deep learning model is proposed to stratify the cardiovascular events in different risk grades in T2DM individuals This risk assessment tool can aid clinicians in decision management of CVD risk severity. It is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study that stratifies risks using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and convolution neural network (CNN). Class separability feature of LDA helps to achieve optimal performance. The model is externally validated in a cohort of 4,719 individuals with T2DM to assess performance heterogeneity across different settings
Robust adaptive variable selection in ultra-high dimensional linear regression models
No full textWe consider the problem of simultaneous variable selection and parameter estimation in an ultra-high dimensional linear regression model. The adaptive penalty functions are used in this regard to achieve the oracle variable selection property with simpler assumptions and lesser computational burden. Noting the non-robust nature of the usual adaptive procedures (e.g. adaptive LASSO) based on the squared error loss function against data contamination, quite frequent with modern large-scale data sets (e.g. noisy gene expression data, spectra and spectral data), in this paper, we present a new adaptive regularization procedure using a robust loss function based on the density power divergence (DPD) measure under a general class of error distributions. We theoretically prove that the proposed adaptive DPD-LASSO estimator of the regression coefficients is highly robust, consistent, asymptotically normal and leads to robust oracle-consistent variable selection under easily verifiable assumptions. Numerical illustrations are provided for the mostly used normal and heavy-tailed error densities. Finally, the proposal is applied to analyse an interesting spectral dataset, in the field of chemometrics, regarding the electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) of archaeological glass vessels from the 16th and 17th centuries
Seshadri constants on some blow-ups of projective spaces
No full textLet Xn r,s denote the blow-up of Pn along r general lines and s general points. In this paper, we focus on l-very ample line bundles on Xn 0,s and investigate their Seshadri constants with some restrictions on s. Additionally, we compute the nef cone of X3 r,0 for r ≤ 6 and study the Seshadri constants of some ample line bundles on it. We also examine the Seshadri constants of some ample line bundles on X4 r,0 (r ≤ 7) and X5 r,0 (r ≤ 5)
Some new notions of centrality measures in trees
No full textSeveral notions of centrality in graphs have been defined over the years that are important from both theoretical and practical points of view. We introduce some new concepts based on ratios and show that these concepts coincide for a tree. With each centrality concept one may naturally associate a function defined on the vertices of the tree. These functions based on ratios are shown to possess certain convexity and quasiconvexity properties
Some properties of weighted survival extropy and its extended measures
No full textWe study some properties of weighted survival extropy measure. This is a shift dependent measure and put more weights to the large values of the observed random variable. Then we introduce weighted extended survival extropy and its dynamic version. Various properties of the proposed measures are obtained. Some generalized inequalities related to weighted extended survival extropy are studied. Non-parametric estimators of these measures are proposed and their asymptotic properties are investigated. The performance of the estimators is assessed through a simulation study. Finally, it is shown that weighted survival extropy measure can be used in model discrimination and as an alternative risk measure. Analysis of real life data is considered for illustration
Statistical inference on multicomponent stress–strength reliability with non-identical component strengths using progressively censored data from Kumaraswamy distribution
No full textIn this article, we draw inferences on stress–strength reliability in a multicomponent system with non-identical strength components based on the progressively censored data from the Kumaraswamy distribution (KuD). When one shape parameter of KuD is known, the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator is produced. To evaluate the reliability of such systems when all the parameters are unknown, the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators are developed. Along with coverage probabilities, the asymptotic confidence and highest posterior credible (HPD) intervals are also obtained. Tierney–Kadane’s approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used for Bayesian computations. To compare the performance of estimators, a Monte Carlo simulation study is performed. Also, one real-life example is analyzed for illustrative purposes
Stone mining work and dust pollution in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India
No full textDust pollution is common in Indian roads and several industrial settings (including mines) that affects human health. Identification and characterization of the dust particles in the mining area is essential for knowing the properties of the dust that effectively causes ailments to humans, particularly among workers those who are working in unorganized industrial settings. The present study aimed to determine the level of dust pollution and to know the size and characterize the dust particles in the Pachami-Hatgacha stone mine areas of Birbhum district, West Bengal, India. Dust samples were collected and analysed for Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to determine the size and shape of the particles, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to determine the free silica content, and X-ray Florence (XRF) analysis for quantitative estimation of components in the sample. All the analyses were done following standard instrumentation and techniques. The size of the dust particles was much less (ranges 101–298 nm) than the size of respirable particles (2500 nm). Those were mostly generated as well as precipitated during peak working hours of the day. Presence of considerable amounts of silica was confirmed by the FT-IR (strong and broad band at 1000 cm−1) and XRF analysis (76.85% SiO2). Exposure to these dust particles may cause severe health impairments. Therefore, interventions like wet drilling and blasting, sprinkling of water during peak working hours, and awareness of use of personal protective devices among workers are required to reduce the risk and hazards associated with dust pollution to the health of miners and inhabitants around the mines
Suturing of the Archean Bastar craton with the Eastern Ghats Province to form the Greater Indian Landmass: Insights from geochemistry, U-Pb geochronology and phase equilibria modelling
No full textThe contact between the Archean Bastar craton (BC) and Proterozoic Eastern Ghats Province (EGP), central India, is marked by a suture zone termed Terrane Boundary Shear Zone (TBSZ). BC in this area is largely composed of hornblende-biotite granite with some mafic dykes. Rocks in the TBSZ include quartzofeldspathic (leptynite) gneiss, garnet-orthopyroxene-bearing granitoid, mafic granulites (Group A of cratonic affinity, and Group B of EGP affinity), Mg-Al granulite and an isolated exposure of orthopyroxene-bearing gneiss. Detailed geochemical analysis shows remarkable similarity between Hbl-Bt granite and Grt-Opx-bearing granitoid, with A-type affinity, and between mafic dykes and Group A mafic granulites. However, the Opx-bearing gneiss is geochemically distinct having I-type affinity, similar to TTG gneisses described from BC. Metamorphic phase equilibria analysis and trace element modelling shows that (i) melting of Opx-bearing gneiss would produce a ferroan granitic melt resembling the Hbl-Bt granite, (ii) metamorphism at appropriate P-T conditions would convert the granite to Grt-Opx-bearing granitoid and the mafic dyke to Group A mafic granulite. U-Pb geochronology of zircon constrains emplacement ages of the magmatic precursors of Opx-bearing gneiss and Grt-Opx-bearing granitoid as ca. 2.73 and ca. 2.5 Ga, respectively. These rocks were subjected to an early granulite facies metamorphism, followed by an amphibolite facies metamorphism, shearing and hydrous fluid flux. Geochronological data shows that the latter event took place at ca. 0.52 Ga, while the earlier granulite facies event can only be tentatively suggested to be of late Stenian/Tonian age. Collating all the evidence (including published geophysical and geochronological data), we suggest that the initial collision between BC and EGP took place during late Stenian/Tonian time as a consequence of formation of the Greater Indian Landmass, a part of Rodinia supercontinent. The TBSZ, probably initiated due to the late Stenian/Tonian collision, was reactivated and reworked tectonothermally at ca. 0.52 Ga, caused by far field stress effect of the Kuunga orogeny, which was strong enough to obliterate most of the imprints of the late Stenian/Tonian orogeny