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International law and the role of APEC in the gobernance of economic coorperation within the Asia Pacific region
No full textThe cumbersome administrative process of trading in the Asia Pacifi c region has lead to propose the creation of a Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacifi c Region (FTAAP), as part of the governance structure. In this respect, the Asia Pacifi c Economic Cooperation (APEC) would play a major role regarding the setting of guidelines for economic cooperation and a free and open approach to investments. It is also provided that APEC’s legal framework may be applied to the economic activities which have not been regulated by other international agreements, offering advantages as adapting to the real conditions of each state and the standardization of the already existing regulations. However, this non-binding framework, (soft law), does not foreclose, but complements the OMC’s binding legal framework (hard law)
La relación accionista-empresa en internet: análisis desde el enfoque de confianza
Get PDFDuring the last decade there has been a break of trust of the shareholders to the company. Several factors converge to bring this breakthrough on the one hand, certain abuses of the “creative” reflected in an excessive “make-up” of the financial information and on the other hand, poor practices among some market players that have resulted in distrust and uncertainty about the present and the prospects for future. The aim of this paper is analyze trust between shareholders and companies and provide a model of communication via Internet to contribute to build confidence between them
Competitividad sostenible de la pequeña empresa: un modelo de promoción de capacidades endógenas para promover ventajas competitivas sostenibles y alta productividad
Get PDFIn the past three decades, the competitiveness and productivity of the small enterprise have been favored by the government, business action and technical cooperation, which have made signifi cant contributions regarding promotion, development and provision of technical assistance. In the developing economies of the Asia Pacifi c region, these efforts are explained by the fact that the small enterprise contributes without question, to job generation, local economic dynamics, collective effi ciency of business network, and economic growth. In the economies of the region, most contributions have been channeled through public policies with a focus on capacity building. Nevertheless, according to preliminary studies in the main business clusters in Peru, the government’s promotion actions have not had a steady effect in competitiveness and productivity. Evidence suggests that business development services have a limited effect as they depend solely on external interventions. In contrast, successful entrepreneurship relies more on endogenous capacities. This article introduces a framework of promotion of the productivity and sustained competitiveness in the small enterprise, laying stress on endogenous capacities and an effi cient arrangement of external interventions
Método de las relaciones casuales para la planificación del desarrollo sostenible. Aplicación en pulpochoque
No full textThe barrires to a society´s sustainable development are typically the result of many problem-cause interactions, which may be of an economic, socio-cultural, technological or political nature. In order to fi nd proper solutions, it is important to differentiate between problem-cause and problemresult relations; only with this method will it be possible to ensure sustainability. The Cause Relation Method is a tool that identifi es causes and consequences starting with the relations between problems. This method may be used to generate participatory decisions that foster the integrated action of a community to address the constraints to its development
Recursos actuales y necesidades futuras: el caso de Santiaguito
Get PDFSantiaguito is a district in Peru’s northern Andes. In this paper we identify a number of opportunities to channel efforts towards its development. However, and as it is often the case, only the most explicit and obvious variables guide the development planning and management cycle. A non factual prospective analysis exercise allows to imagine a future situation that can be totally different from the originally proposed long-term vision. The available information is used with certain diagnosis and planning tools and then the outcome is compared with reality and hypothesis for the future
Estratégia de distribución del pisco peruano en el mercado de Estados Unidos: el caso de Texas
No full textIn this piece, the distribution channels for pisco –Peruvian fi rst press grape brandy– in the United States liquor market are evaluated in order to design entry and commercialization strategies for this product, focusing specifi cally on the state of Texas. To meet this objective, studies are conducted for the size of the spirited drinks market, the characteristics and trends of consumption, the size and characteristics of the export supply, commercialization strategies being used by current exporters, as well as legal and tax considerations that regulate the commercialization of liquor in the US. Finally, the distribution chain is analyzed, from the costs structure to the benefi ts and margins per participant. The investigation covered statistical data, fi eld investigations for destination markets, interviews with American experts, product testing and pattern studies on the behavior of exporters’ clusters, among other aspects
Modelos de inversión social para empresas mineras: experiencias y propuestas
Get PDFPeru is experiencing a boom through growing mine operations and projects. This has created expectations among the benefi ts that activity may create for the mines’ neighboring communities. Although in most cases results have not been very encouraging, this paper seeks to demonstrate whatever progress has been made in the mining companies’ social management, and the scope of their proposals for improvement by presenting and comparing successful social investment models used in Peru in recent years. It also examines the issue of the mining industry’s voluntary contributions, social contributions and social trust funds, and explains how the money is allocated
Ambiente y TLC: el pacto de gobernabilidad
Get PDFThis paper aims at providing, from a sustainable development perspective, an idea about the direction our country will take once the US-Peru FTA is enforced, regarding particularly the environmental, trade and investment areas. The signing of the FTA has led Peru to leave behind a view of the environment vision as a moral and ethical (some times marginal) component of economic relations, to turn it into a regulatory and mandatory consideration overlapping trade and investment to such an extent that failure to comply may lead to sanctions as severe as those pertaining to other matters related to for instance access to or permanence in a given market. Even so, it is worthwhile mentioning that the FTA is only an initial component of a more complex and broad multilateral scenario that recognizes in the environment an essential element of international economic relations
Propuesta para la reorganización pluridepartamental del Perú
No full textThis paper discusses the transition from the present single-department regions to a structure of multiple-department regions. It discusses the convenience of creating a pilot region and provides some criteria to create multi-department regions and choose the location of the regional capitals. It also provides guidelines to elect representatives to the Chamber of Deputies and the creation of a Senate. Finally, it outlines eight regions to be created by grouping several departments, and an alternative proposal to create regions based on river drainage basins
La necesidad de incorporar el cambio climático en las políticas de desarrollo
Get PDFClimate change is considered the most important global threat facing the human race in this century. Due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gases, the global average temperature is increasing thus altering climate systems and raising the sea level. Although developing countries do not contribute signifi cantly to these emissions, they suffer most of their effects. Peru is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because most of its resources and productive factors such as fi shing, agriculture and transport are climate sensitive. Combined with the challenge and opportunity of ensuring sustainable development in a complex territory in terms of land and population, this vulnerability forces us to include considerations in national policies aimed at reducing the risk of disasters and climate change adaptation. We now have the Hyogo Framework for Action approved by 168 countries