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Análisis psicosocial de la violencia: entre el conflicto y el desarrollo social
Get PDFFollowing recent events in our country, with the aim of improving the study and prevention of conflicts for a better economic and social development that contributes to the quality of life and mental health of individuals, this article begins by exploring the concepts of violence and aggression and outlines the conceptual distinction between them, also delves into issues such as intentionality and social value, basic budgets and components as the formal structure of the act, personal equation, the context enabler and the ideological background in the development of violence. Follows the path initiated in 1989 by Ignacio MartínBaró, adapting to the Peruvian case
Derivatives usage by non-financial firms in emerging markets: the peruvian case
Get PDFFinancial derivatives markets have reached a remarkable development in recent years, but this pattern has not attained the same strength in developing countries. In consequence, an important question arises: what is the development degree of financial derivatives markets in emerging countries and which variables influence the use of derivatives in the top companies? To analyze this topic, Peru has been chosen as a reference and the Non-Financial Firms as well. In order to enhance objectivity, an empirical study has been conducted through a structured survey directed to chief financial managers of companies classified among the TOP 1000 in the country. This information was collected in order to explain the effect of the determinants that influence the development of financial derivatives in Peru. The results show that the use of derivatives in Peru is low and the relevant factors affecting its development are the degree of training in derivatives and the market regulation. This outcome suggests that there should be patterns of behaviour for market agents and government entities to promote the use of derivatives, as well as provide information for future research that might contribute to establish the most adequate mechanisms for market-development purposes
El proceso de gestión y el desempeño organizacional: una aproximación a la nueva gestión pública desde el ámbito de los gobiernos locales
Get PDFThe measurement of organizational performance, in particular the search for a model that brings the management process together with the expected results through strategies, has been one of the most important issues in the Administration in recent decades. Recently, efforts have been made to adapt to public sector organizations approaches and technologies originally developed for businesses, especially in countries such as Peru, seeking to influence governments’ ability to produce results. However, the concrete evidence of local government suggests that the implementation of management processes in this area reduces its chances of success because of the highly structured nature of management, the rigidity of the organizational design and the government regulation itself. This article argues that the performance improvement comes from reconciling the dimensions of the strategy and the structure. On this basis, there is a tool to assess organizational performance in terms of make flexible the functional structure and to adapt it towards logic of process management. In this way the strategy may gain intensity, causing the alignment of processes and create visible results of these, allowing to evaluate the performance of the areas, managers and ultimately, the organization
Tangibilización del espíritu emprendedor: desarrollo de franquicias en el sector de la pequeña y microempresa
Get PDFWhen talking about economic development in emerging countries, it is generally stressed the role of micro and small enterprises (MSE), both for its ability to generate employment and for being the manifestation of the entrepreneurial spirit of its managers. For them is clearing the way and create practical options to maximize the results of their work. It is with this philosophy that this document raises the importance of the corporate franchises system as a mean to optimize the performance of MSE. And how can we have evidence of such optimization? There can be many ways, but the concept that is becoming more important is how to make tangible the corporate work, which means how to make «touchable» the entrepreneurial spirit, the very critical resource for managing the MSE. This is the message: the franchises make tangible the entrepreneurship spirit of the MSE
Green management: the reality of being green in business
Get PDFGreen management and going green are not as clear cut and easy as hyped by the general media. While going ecologically green is indeed beneficial and appropriate, the process and procedure of becoming green is anything but easy. Firstly, turning green is largely not a legal requirement, but a voluntary process. Thus, even though LEED (which is by far the more publicly known green certification standard) governs the certification of the green management effort, it is not a compulsory condition for practitioners to go green. Secondly, even with the encouragement of incentives to comply, practitioners are skeptical in becoming green due to: (a) a lack of true understanding of the benefit of ecologically friendly procedures (the practice of profits versus the theory of benefits); (b) lack of short term gain in life cycle costing (practitioners want instant incentives); and (c) mostly, because it is not a legal requirement for the vast majority of municipalities
El Indice de la Ventaja Comparativa Revelada (VCR) entre el Perú y los principales exportadores del mundo: el caso de la Región Lambayeque
No full textThis paper presents and applies a conceptual framework to regional Competitiveness using the Index of revealed competitiveness introduced by Balassa in 1965 for the Lambayeque Region in the northern part of Peru with the end to determine the products more competitive of this region. In the first part of the article the competitiveness review is presented from the Porter approach to Systemic Competitiveness. The advantage of this method is to identify the competitiveness of the regional products and services as a function of the import and export values of the country in contrast with the same values of the other countries in the world. The FAOSTAT data is used for that purpose. The results shown that the crop most competitive are the avocados, the bananas, mangoes, asparagus, dry chilies and coffee. Nevertheless when these products are compare with others countries such as Chile and Brazil only mangoes and asparagus are strongly competitive. However both products are considered commodities rather than value added products and its competitiveness lies in comparative advantage such as clime and soil
Análisis comparativo de la competitividad de las economías del Perú y Chile desde un enfoque global
Get PDFSmall economies, such as the Peruvian and Chilean, are immersed in the global arena of emergent economies, so evaluating them from a home based point of view (Porter, 1990) would be limited and of little use. This fact turns Porter’s national diamond framework insufficient for that purpose (Moon, Rugman and Verbeke, 1998). This paper analyzes these economies from a global view that would include local as well as foreign markets; in other words, it applies the International Competitiveness Double Diamond approach proposed by Moon, Rugman & Verbeke (1998), and Moon & Lee (2004). Information from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Economic Forum, the Inter-American Development Bank and other sources was gathered to draw up the double diamond. The empirical analyses show that Chile is more competitive globally, while Peru is locally. To sum up, the results imply that Chile is more attractive to direct foreign investment than Peru
PRONÓSTICOS BAYESIANOS USANDO SIMULACIÓN ESTOCÁSTICA*
Get PDFIn this article, we present a general framework to construct forecasts using simulation. This framework allows us to incorporate available data into a forecasting model in order to assess parameter uncertainty through a posterior distribution, which is then used to estimate a point forecast in the form of a conditional (given the data) expectation. The uncertainty on the point forecast is assessed through the estimation of a conditional variance and a prediction interval. We discuss how to construct asymptotic confidence intervals to assess the estimation error for the estimators obtained using simulation. We illustrate how this approach is consistent with Bayesian forecasting by presenting two examples, and experimental results that confirm our analytical results are discussed
La competencia intercultural como llave para el desarrollo del Perú
Get PDFThe term «intercultural competence» originally referred to the conscious skills and attitudes that the student and everyone involved in teaching a foreign language had to develop to understand the sociocultural context and decode messages from the language they were teaching-learning, meaning is no longer exclusive to this area. This article is about how the implementation of intercultural competence has become very important in international relations, international cooperation, education and business; it allows optimizing the communication between different countries and cultures. Also, focus on its application to the national situation. Finally, gives an example of what can be a good practice of «intercultural competence» with the Chinese culture as a referenc
Luces y sombras de la política de la competencia en Italia
Get PDFIn the past the responsible authorities of the Italian government have limited their performance to react to those pressures coming from the European Commission in respect to competence matters, but only in some exceptional circumstances the different Italian governments have acted in a reactive way. In this article it is demonstrated that the Italian policies regarding competence have been erratic; sometimes the authorities have reacted in time, but in some other occasions their intervention was quite urgent and it has arrived later than it was expected. To this effect, interest is focused in analyzing the evolution of the market and in pointing out the most significative advances that have been reached in respect to their internal market liberalizatio