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The role of natural resources in economic growth: new evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of natural resources in economic growth by taking evidence from Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach: Total five variables are used in this study, i.e. GDP, population density, water renewable resources, deforestation and the emissions of CO2, based on time series data from 1972 to 2016. The annual data is collected from World Development Indicators, Food and Agriculture Organization and Pakistan Economic Survey. Vector error correction model technique is applied to find out the long-run results.
Findings: Results depict that all variables have a negative and significant relationship over the long run at 5% level of significance. It is observed that 1% increase in population accordingly will degrade GDP by 0.334496%. Correspondingly, 1% increase of water renewable resources will degrade GDP by 0.450647%. Findings are aligning with the study of. Moreover, 1% increase in deforestation will diminish GDP by 0.127821%. If we increase 1% of CO2, GDP will be reduced by 0.802420%.
Research limitations/implications: Results depict that all variables have a negative and significant relationship over the long run at 5% level of significance. It is observed that 1% increase in population accordingly will degrade GDP by 0.334496%. Correspondingly, 1% increase of water renewable resources will degrade GDP by 0.450647%. Findings are aligning with the study of. Moreover, 1% increase in deforestation will diminish GDP by 0.127821%. If we increase 1% of CO2, GDP will be reduced by 0.802420%.
Practical implications: Family planning may be our last hope. Viable and fruitful family planning ought to be introduced. Status of ladies should be brought up in the society by providing education and employment opportunities. Time of marriage ought to be brought up to 25 years in case of males and 23 in case of females; this can help in decreasing the number of births. Having a large population will not automatically translate into economic prosperity. Investment in well-being, education, sound economic policies and good governance will bring about accelerated economic growth.
Originality/value: In recent years, the issue of worldwide water shortage has attracted increasing consideration within scholarly community, non-administrative organizations and the media. Water shortage is a significant and ever-increasing danger to the environment, human well-being, advancement, energy security and the worldwide food supply. This work will introduce real issues and requirements relating to water, environmental changes and their impact on economic growth of Pakistan.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-03-2019-004
Intra-banking competition in Ecuador: new evidence using panel data approach
Get PDFPurpose: Banks are institutions that inject money in the economy and help to boost it when there are problems in some markets, especially in productive sectors. In this way, analysing the competition in this sector is an important tool for policymakers as non-competitive behaviour could affect the financial system and economy. The purpose of this paper is to measure the degree of competition in the Ecuadorian private banking sector divided by size, from 2000 to 2015, using panel data collected by the official regulator institution.
Design/methodology/approach: The authors applied the model proposed by Panzar and Rosse (1987) and its H-statistic using a reduced price and revenue equation estimated by pooled ordinary least squares, fixed effects, random effects, feasible generalised fixed effects and panel correction standard errors (PCSE).
Findings: The authors show that given the presence of some problems in data such as heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, the most appropriate technique is PCSE. The authors also found robust evidence supporting that large banks compete in a monopolistic market, small and medium-sized banks operate in monopolistic competition, and Ecuadorian small, medium-sized and large banks stay in long-run equilibrium.
Originality/value: This paper contributes to the actual literature of competition degree in two ways. First, different from traditional papers, we do not control by size; so, we divided the analysis by size, because in Ecuador and also in many developing countries, bank’s competition is different for each group of size because the levels of liquidity, risk and other indicators are different from one group to another. Second, we show the robustness of the results using a scaled and unscaled equation, using many controls and using five methods to contrast the competition degree.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-05-2019-008
Camacho Zegarra, María, Fiedler, Denise y González-Palacios, Carlos (coords.). Seguridad y libertad
Get PDFPublished in Lima, but with contributions from authors from different countries from Latin America and Europe, this book presents a large part of the works exposed during the IV Peruvian-Franco-German Academic Meeting that in August 2017 brought together the Faculties of Law of the Technische Universität Dresden (Germany), from the Université Paris-Nanterre (France) and the ESAN University around the topic «Security and freedom ». This book consists of thirteen articles in various languages, spread over five chapters representing the current challenges of our democracies contemporary:
I. The legal implications of the state of emergency.
II. Security and migration borders.
III. Terrorism, a changing threat.
IV. Security issues in international law.
V. Fight against corruption.Publicado en Lima, pero con contribuciones de autores de diferentes países de Latinoamérica y de Europa, este libro presenta gran parte de los trabajos expuestos durante el IV Encuentro Académico Peruano-Franco-Alemán que en el mes de agosto del 2017 congregó a las Facultades de Derecho de la Technische Universität Dresden (Alemania), de la Université Paris-Nanterre (Francia) y de la Universidad ESAN alrededor del tema «Seguridad y libertad ». Este libro consta de trece artículos en diversos idiomas, repartidos en cinco capítulos que representan los desafíos actuales de nuestras democracias contemporáneas:
I. Las implicancias jurídicas del estado de emergencia.
II. Fronteras seguridad y migraciones.
III. El terrorismo, una amenaza cambiante.
IV. Problemáticas de seguridad en derecho internacional.
V. Lucha contra la corrupción
Los precedentes del tribunal constitucional en el arbitraje
Get PDFThe arbitration in our country has been impacted by the decisions of the Constitutional Court. These decisions have had such importance in the arbitration activity, not only because of the content of the interpretations, but because these interpretations have been given the connotation or precedent status. Precisely, it is the reason for this work to present the two precedents that the Court has set in arbitration to reflect on how successful are the rules of jurisprudential creation and how these statements impact on legal security.El arbitraje en nuestro país ha sido impactado por las decisiones del Tribunal Constitucional. Estas han tenido gran trascendencia en la actividad arbitral, no solo por el contenido de las interpretaciones, sino porque se les ha dado a esas interpretaciones la connotación o el estatus de precedente. Precisamente, es motivo de este trabajo presentar los dos precedentes que el Tribunal ha fijado en materia arbitral para reflexionar sobre cuán acertadas son las reglas de creación jurisprudencial y cómo impactan estos enunciados sobre la seguridad jurídica
Una aproximación al acto cambiario desde la teoría del negocio jurídico
Get PDFThe general principles of law are a worldview or aspiration that generate guidelines that go beyond the creative work of positive law, covering not only the act generator of the legal norm but also the mechanisms of interpretation and legal integration. However, each area of law is ruled by special principles that are its own and that generate individual characteristics that make them independent. This article seeks to relate the rules that govern the legal transactions with those that deal with the exchange law, trying to demonstrate the singularities inherent in this special area of law, we will start from a historical perspective and culminate in the normative and jurisprudential demonstration, reinforced by dogmatic in both fields of legal knowledge.Los principios generales del derecho constituyen una cosmovisión o aspiración generadora de pautas orientadoras o directrices que van más allá de la labor creadora del derecho positivo; abarcan no solo el acto generador de la norma jurídica, sino también los mecanismos de interpretación y de integración jurídica. Empero, cada área del derecho se rige por principios especiales que les son propios y que generan características individuales que las independizan. El presente artículo busca relacionar las normas que rigen al negocio jurídico con aquellas que tratan sobre el derecho cartular o cambiario, intentando demostrar las peculiaridades inherentes a esta última y especialísima área del derecho. Partiremos desde una perspectiva histórica y culminaremos en la demostración normativa y jurisprudencial, reforzada por la dogmática en ambos campos del conocimiento jurídico
La buena gobernanza de las finanzas públicas y el desarrollo económico
Get PDFThe concept of good governance of public finances emerged in the 1990s within the discourse of international organizations to promote issues well known today, such as the performance of public spending, the transparency of the public budget, etc. After the 2008 crisis, this concept has evolved towards the obligation to respect the budget balance. In any case, the national reception of the international prescriptions in the matter of good governance of public finances must be verified, thus showing the difficulties involved in wanting to apply the same legal rules everywhere. The example of the varied reception of the golden rule of public finances by the laws of European states confirms this.El concepto de buen gobierno de las finanzas públicas surgió en los años noventa dentro del discurso de las organizaciones internacionales para promover temas bien conocidos hoy, como el rendimiento del gasto público, la transparencia del presupuesto público, etc. Tras la crisis del 2008, este concepto ha evolucionado hacia la obligación de respetar el equilibrio presupuestario. En todo caso, se debe contrastar la recepción nacional de las prescripciones internacionales en materia de buen gobierno de las finanzas públicas, lo que mostrará las dificultades que implica querer aplicar las mismas reglas jurídicas en todo lugar. El ejemplo de la recepción diversa de la regla de oro de las finanzas públicas por las legislaciones de los Estados europeos lo confirma
Editorial
Get PDFI am pleased to present the second edition of Giuristi, which brings together a selection of interesting and topical articles focusing on of corporate law and good governance. They are the product of exhaustive research by renowned corporate law professors, as well as outstanding foreign jurists, who have achieved together a combination to have launched the first one - and that promises to be present in two versions annual-, has been that of having overcome a state of emergency derived of the pandemic that has worn out many initiatives; in our case, without However, it turned out to be more of an opportunity to devote great care and Above all, I strive to achieve this goal and to contribute from the Academy to the construction of a more humane and just society through resources that as well as the publications, show the reflection of the authors in this field.Tengo el agrado de presentar la segunda edición de Giuristi, que reúne una selección de artículos interesantes y de actualidad centrados en temas de derecho corporativo y buen gobierno. Son producto de exhaustivas investigaciones de reconocidos docentes de Derecho Corporativo, así como de destacados juristas extranjeros, quienes han logrado juntos una combinación haber lanzado la primera —y que promete estar presente en dos versiones anuales—, ha sido el de haber superado un estado de emergencia derivado de la pandemia que ha desgastado muchas iniciativas; en nuestro caso, sin embargo, resultó más bien la oportunidad de dedicarle un gran cuidado y, sobre todo, empeño por lograr este objetivo y aportar desde la Academia a la construcción de una sociedad más humana y justa mediante recursos que, como las publicaciones, ponen de manifiesto la reflexión de los autores en este campo
Hybrid cluster analysis of customer segmentation of sea transportation users
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study is to apply hybrid cluster analysis in classifying PT Pelindo I customers based on the level of customer satisfaction with passenger services of PT Pelindo I.
Design/methodology/approach: Hybrid cluster analysis is a combination of hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analysis. This hybrid cluster analysis appears to optimize the advantages of hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods simultaneously to obtain optimal grouping. Hybrid cluster analysis itself has high flexibility because it can combine all hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods without any limits in the order of analysis used.
Findings: The results showed that 72% of PT Pelindo I customers felt PT Pelindo I service was special, while the remaining 28% felt PT Pelindo I service was good.
Originality/value: In total, 117 customers of PT Pelindo I were involved in a study using the nonprobability sampling method.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-07-2019-012
Intelectualidad y política: el convictorio de San Carlos y Bartolomé Herrera
Get PDFIntellectuality and politics have been recurrent elements in the management of power, directly or indirectly. The article highlights the influence of the Convictorio de San Carlos (Lima) in strengthening the prevailing regime. From him, we show José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, liberal revolutionary, and Bartolomé Herrera, conservative liberal, each of whom in his time and context had the leadership in politics. A fact that highlights the importance of the contributions of the Study Centers in the management of the country.Intelectualidad y política han sido elementos recurrentes en el manejo del poder, directa o indirectamente. El artículo pone de relevancia la influencia del Convictorio de San Carlos (Lima) en el fortalecimiento del régimen imperante. De él, presentamos a José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, liberal revolucionario, y a Bartolomé Herrera, liberal conservador, cada uno de los cuales —en su momento y contexto— tuvo el liderazgo en la política. Este hecho pone de manifiesto la importancia de los aportes de los centros de estudios en la gestión del país
El bienestar social y el buen vivir: los olvidados en la toma de decisiones en materia económica
Get PDFThe “buen vivir” designates a paradigm inherent to the social field which seeks to focus on human values such as solidarity and the model of sustainable development. In this sense, it differs from "living better" — an individualistic interpretation of life—, far from respecting the natural environment and which deifies the economic activity. Thus, this contribution aims to introduce a conceptual framework regarding «good living» to understand that the operational function of social welfare cannot be addressed in a unidimensional way, just considering the economy, but also environmental variables, such as public health, quality of life, social integration, access to social rights, among others. All this has an impact on the identification of indicators that also measure these variables, intending to allow all the people to be drivers in social, political, and economic development in a sustainable manner.El «buen vivir» designa un paradigma inherente al campo social que busca centrarse en valores humanos como la solidaridad y el modelo de desarrollo sustentable; en este sentido, se diferencia del «vivir mejor», que es una interpretación individualista de la vida, una vida alejada del respeto por el entorno natural y que diviniza la actividad económica. Por ello, esta contribución busca introducir un marco conceptual sobre el «buen vivir», para entender que la función operativa del bienestar social no puede abordarse unidimensionalmente considerando solo la economía, sino también variables medioambientales, como la salud pública, la calidad de vida, la integración social, el acceso a los derechos sociales, etc.; lo cual impacta en la identificación de indicadores que midan también estas variables, con el objetivo de permitir sosteniblemente que todas las personas puedan ser actores del desarrollo social, político y económico