Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
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Reportaże z pamięci. O rekonstruowaniu rzeczywistości minionej w filmach dokumentalnych Mariana Marzyńskiego
Get PDFThe article focuses on autobiographical films by Polish-American documentary filmmaker whose most personal project is Never Forget to Lie (2012) about Jews rescued from the Warsaw ghetto in their early childhood. Marzyński is a Holocaust survivor himself and a television reporter who emigrated from communist Poland in 1969. He has been gradually transforming the style of the documentary films he made in the West to make them more and more personal by referring to his biography. Marzyński’s cinéma vérité techniques include initiating emotional in-front-of-the-camera interviews with Holocaust survivors and witnesses of History in the meaningful surrounding of historical places. In this way, the filmmaker makes the architecture, landscape and personal objects “speak” about the past or uses them to stimulate the memory of the interviewed people. The only quoted film material, or found footage, comes from his own archives, where he has been collecting his released documentaries together with never used scenes and takes.Reports from Remembering. Marian Marzyński’s Documentary Reconstructions of the Past RealityThe article focuses on autobiographical films by Polish-American documentary filmmaker whose most personal project is Never Forget to Lie (2012) about Jews rescued from the Warsaw ghetto in their early childhood. Marzyński is a Holocaust survivor himself and a television reporter who emigrated from communist Poland in 1969. He has been gradually transforming the style of the documentary films he made in the West to make them more and more personal by referring to his biography. Marzyński’s cinéma vérité techniques include initiating emotional in-front-of-the-camera interviews with Holocaust survivors and witnesses of History in the meaningful surrounding of historical places. In this way, the filmmaker makes the architecture, landscape and personal objects “speak” about the past or uses them to stimulate the memory of the interviewed people. The only quoted film material, or found footage, comes from his own archives, where he has been collecting his released documentaries together with never used scenes and takes
"Rzodkiewki" Janusza Morgensterna
Get PDFMarek Hendrykowski’s essay presents the importance of Janusz Morgenstern’s early short film Radishes made after Stalin’s death, in 1954 as a student work produced by Film School in Łódź. The main character, old worker Gruliński loses his clear hopes and human illusions. The pesimistic conclusion is closed further by the simultaneous description of the hero’s social image within a discourse of origins and the sacred which evacuates analysis of class conflict and sociological approach in the narrative of an “ordinary good man” brutally disturbed in his desires and works by the irruption and power of an omnipotent destructive stalinist “red tape” bureaucracy. The poetics of Radishes is deeply influenced by the style of an Italian neorealism, first of all by its famous masterpiece, Vittorio De Sica’s Umberto D. (1952).Janusz Morgenstern’s „Radishes”Marek Hendrykowski’s essay presents the importance of Janusz Morgenstern’s early short film Radishes made after Stalin’s death, in 1954 as a student work produced by Film School in Łódź. The main character, old worker Gruliński loses his clear hopes and human illusions. The pesimistic conclusion is closed further by the simultaneous description of the hero’s social image within a discourse of origins and the sacred which evacuates analysis of class conflict and sociological approach in the narrative of an “ordinary good man” brutally disturbed in his desires and works by the irruption and power of an omnipotent destructive stalinist “red tape” bureaucracy. The poetics of Radishes is deeply influenced by the style of an Italian neorealism, first of all by its famous masterpiece, Vittorio De Sica’s Umberto D. (1952)
The Parallax Memory. Notes on the Solidarity, Solidarity… Collection
Get PDFThe Parallax Memory. Notes on the Solidarity, Solidarity… CollectionThe paper focuses on Solidarity, Solidarity…, a collective project made in 2005 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the worker’s movement. Thirteen novelettas demonstrate various approaches towards the so-called “Polish August” of 1980, ranging from “comemorational”, praising the leaders of the movement, to critical, stimulating new interpretations of Polish history. The theoretical foundation of the analysis is built upon Deleuze’s theory of “time-image”. Although it may be argued that Deleuze’s work deals primarily with film style and the historically shifting aesthetics of the cinema, it is also justifiable to state that (if treated metaphorically) the Deleuzean “Time-Image” is based on the concept of a journey into the realms of the Forgotten, whereas its spectator is forced to rework his position in the field of history. In the paper, special attention is given to episodes which deal with the nature of history in a specific way. In Jacek Bromski’s short story, a former dissident asks his oppressor for a loan, leading to a replay of his interrogation. In Robert Glinski’s short story, Japanese tourists take pictures of the deserted Gdynia shipyard where Solidarity began. In Juliusz Machulski’s novelette, Solidarity never happened, so the director ponders making a movie about the heroic Battle of Lenino. These short films trace the inability to cope with the heritage of Solidarity, which became a deserted space in public debate during the course of its demolition and reconstruction
Automatyzm ludzkiej egzystencji w filmie "Dom" Jana Lenicy i Waleriana Borowczyka
Get PDFThe aim of this article is interpretation of the short film directed in 1958 by Jan Lenica and Walerian Borowczyk and regarded as one of the most interesting works of Polish experimental animation. Author looked upon synopsis of House as the introduction to analysis of the world portrayed in film, all its elements, symbols and their meaning. The most important question concerns condition of depersonalized human jailed in the trap of automatically repeated activities and supressing his own sexuality in his subconscious. Author also paid attention to automatism as Lenica\u27s and Borowczyk\u27s artistic method derived from surrealism. In this context the special usage of photography and stop motion technique of animation in House is emphasized as very important in creative process. On the basis of interpretation of the characters and objects appeared in film author drew a conclusion of the eponymous house as a metaphor of our modern world where people as the collectivity divest themselves of individual features.Automatism of Human Existence in Jan Lenica's and Walerian Borowczyk\u27s “House”The aim of this article is interpretation of the short film directed in 1958 by Jan Lenica and Walerian Borowczyk and regarded as one of the most interesting works of Polish experimental animation. Author looked upon synopsis of House as the introduction to analysis of the world portrayed in film, all its elements, symbols and their meaning. The most important question concerns condition of depersonalized human jailed in the trap of automatically repeated activities and supressing his own sexuality in his subconscious. Author also paid attention to automatism as Lenica\u27s and Borowczyk\u27s artistic method derived from surrealism. In this context the special usage of photography and stop motion technique of animation in House is emphasized as very important in creative process. On the basis of interpretation of the characters and objects appeared in film author drew a conclusion of the eponymous house as a metaphor of our modern world where people as the collectivity divest themselves of individual features
Polish Postcommunist Cinema and the Neoliberal Order
Get PDFPolish Postcommunist Cinema and the Neoliberal OrderThis essay discusses three Polish films from the last 10 years: Bailiff (Komornik, 2005), directed by Feliks Falk, Edi (2002), directed by Piotr Trzaskalski, and Silesia, directed by Anna Kazejak-Dawid, which is the first part in the omnibus film Ode to Joy (Oda do radości, 2005) of which the two remaining parts were directed by Jan Komasa and Maciej Migas. The main methodological tools are the concepts of neoliberalism and bare life. The article argues that the fall of communism led to the neoliberalisation of Polish society and the production of bare life. The aforementioned films attest to these changes and offer an assessment of them which conveys a specific ideology. By focusing on the construction of their narratives and characters, the article attempts to establish its main features and offer its explanation
A Study of the Film Adaptations of Marek Hłasko\u27s Prose by the Students of the Film School in Łódź
Get PDFA Study of the Film Adaptations of Marek Hłasko's Prose by the Students of the Film School in ŁódźThe works of Marek Hłasko have proved a reliable source of content and inspiration in Polish culture from the time of their writing to the current day, and this is demonstrated by the number of film adaptations of his literature. This article will look at Hłasko’s short stories that were written while the author lived in Poland and are collected in the book The First Step in the Clouds published in 1956. It will consider the subject matter and themes of the text, overview some examples of adaptations made by the students of the celebrated Łódź Film School, reflect as to how these have remained faithful or deviated from Hłasko’s original works, before concluding as to the reasons why the students may have been drawn to this particular source
Moving Ahead into the Past: Historical Contexts in Recent Polish Cinema
Get PDFMoving Ahead into the Past: Historical Contexts in Recent Polish CinemaThe article looks at treatments of Poland’s 20th-century history in Polish films made over the last several years. Since 2007, Polish cinema has seen an explosion of films dealing in various ways with the history of the last century. These include mega-productions by directors known for making historically themed films, like Wajda’s Katyń or Hoffman’s 1920. Battle of Warsaw, and traditional historical dramas dealing with iconic personalities (Rafał Wieczyński’s Popiełuszko. Freedom Is Within Us) and moments in time (Antoni Krauze’s Black Thursday. Janek Wiśniewski Fell). However, a number of other works make use of historical settings from the last century in new and innovative ways. Most choose smaller-scale, less grand approaches to the past, though without abandoning an ambition to accurately depict the times they portray. Films focused on issues related to family and personal relationships, such as Jan Kidawa-Błoński’s Little Rose or Borys Lankosz’s Reverse, likewise speak about life during communism, but attempt to do so without repeating clichéd images by engaging new problems or returning to familiar ones using new techniques. Lastly, memory often plays an important role as a source of knowledge about the past, and as a filter for mediating experiences of it. This can be best seen in Rafael Lewandowski’s The Mole, Władysław Pasikowski’s Consequences (Pokłosie), and Wojciech Smarzowski’s Dark House. Archival evidence, memories of relatives, and the camera itself are used in the films to pose questions about the subjectivity inherent to film as a means of learning about the past
Scenariusz filmowy i jego odmiany: Studium przedmiotu.
No full textScreenplay is a phenomenon located between two different worlds, spheres and cultures: literature and cinema. In his study, Marek Hendrykowski examines the meaning and functions of all crucial terms connected with film script and screenplay, among them: concept, log line, story, synopsis, treatment, draft, first draft, storyboard, director’s draft, final script and shooting script. The author sketches step by step each of these various forms of scenario in detail, explains what they are about and why they are necessary. He also stresses the importance of rewriting and script development in the process of film creation as a means of taking the achievement to a higher level.Screenplay, Its Kinds and Its FormsScreenplay is a phenomenon located between two different worlds, spheres and cultures: literature and cinema. In his study, Marek Hendrykowski examines the meaning and functions of all crucial terms connected with film script and screenplay, among them: concept, log line, story, synopsis, treatment, draft, first draft, storyboard, director’s draft, final script and shooting script. The author sketches step by step each of these various forms of scenario in detail, explains what they are about and why they are necessary. He also stresses the importance of rewriting and script development in the process of film creation as a means of taking the achievement to a higher level
"Czeski błąd" i polski "Kret". O różnych filmowych obliczach lustracji
No full textThe issue of settling accounts with modern history is a topic often taken up in contemporary Polish cinematography. The delicate and intriguing problems of lustration, memory, guilt, and forgiveness are, however, not only a Polish concern. In 2009, Kawasaki’s Rose, directed by Jan Hřebejku, was presented during the Berlinale. Almost a year later, Rafael Lewandowski’s debut film The Mole was released in Polish cinemas. Both the Czech and the Polish productions constitute attempts at facing the embarrassing problem faced by Poles and Czechs in terms of the problems mentioned above. A closer look at the phenomenon, viewed from two different perspectives (Polish in The Mole and Czech in Kawasaki’s Rose), provides a particularly interesting angle for analyzing this subject. In the article, the works of Rafael Lewandowski and Jan Hřebejk are compared in an effort to answer the question of what image of society emerges from these films. How do different historical and cultural conditions influence the process of shaping people’s attitudes in the face of similar problems. The author performs a film study analysis on these works, based on interviews with their authors and important reviews of them. Literary works that are topically connected with them, including Revised Edition by Péter Esterházy and The Curtain by Milan Kundera, constitute an essential context. Kawasaki’s Rose and The Mole. Two Film Faces of LustrationThe issue of settling accounts with modern history is a topic often taken up in contemporary Polish cinematography. The delicate and intriguing problems of lustration, memory, guilt, and forgiveness are, however, not only a Polish concern. In 2009, Kawasaki’s Rose, directed by Jan Hřebejku, was presented during the Berlinale. Almost a year later, Rafael Lewandowski’s debut film The Mole was released in Polish cinemas. Both the Czech and the Polish productions constitute attempts at facing the embarrassing problem faced by Poles and Czechs in terms of the problems mentioned above. A closer look at the phenomenon, viewed from two different perspectives (Polish in The Mole and Czech in Kawasaki’s Rose), provides a particularly interesting angle for analyzing this subject. In the article, the works of Rafael Lewandowski and Jan Hřebejk are compared in an effort to answer the question of what image of society emerges from these films. How do different historical and cultural conditions influence the process of shaping people’s attitudes in the face of similar problems. The author performs a film study analysis on these works, based on interviews with their authors and important reviews of them. Literary works that are topically connected with them, including Revised Edition by Péter Esterházy and The Curtain by Milan Kundera, constitute an essential context.