Historia@Teoria
Not a member yet
95 research outputs found
Sort by
POLITYKA WŁADIMIRA PUTINA A KWESTIA ROSYJSKIEJ TOŻSAMOŚCI NARODOWEJ
Full text linkThe article deals with the issue of shaping the national identity in Russia after the collapse of the USSR. The author analyzes the significance of religious phenomena, and in particular Orthodox Christianity in the creation of new forms of collective identity.The article deals with the issue of shaping the national identity in Russia after the collapse of the USSR. The author analyzes the significance of religious phenomena, and in particular Orthodox Christianity in the creation of new forms of collective identity
KRYZYS EKONOMICZNY W FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ W LATACH 2014-2016
Full text linkThe economic collapse in the Russian Federation observed in the years 2014-2016 is a result of overlapping negative trends both internally and externally. It should be emphasized that the economic shock caused by external factors in the form of economic sanctions imposed on Russia by Western states and the fall in oil prices on the world markets only accelerated the onset of the economic crisis but was not the main cause of its emergence. In this case the more important was an ineffective economic policy, which made economic development dependent on the prices of natural resources, primarily energy resources and it led to a deep structural crisis. In this context, the term “lost decade” has been used to emphasize the fact that the authorities have lost the chance to carry out deep structural reforms. Necessary and extremely costly economic, political and social reforms should were to be carried out during the economic prosperity that was fueled by persistent high oil prices. Introducing the above reforms during the crisis may not be feasible, however, the complete abandonment of such projects will make it impossible for the state to protect itself against future crises. The economic collapse in the Russian Federation observed in the years 2014-2016 is a result of overlapping negative trends both internally and externally. It should be emphasized that the economic shock caused by external factors in the form of economic sanctions imposed on Russia by Western states and the fall in oil prices on the world markets only accelerated the onset of the economic crisis but was not the main cause of its emergence. In this case the more important was an ineffective economic policy, which made economic development dependent on the prices of natural resources, primarily energy resources and it led to a deep structural crisis. In this context, the term “lost decade” has been used to emphasize the fact that the authorities have lost the chance to carry out deep structural reforms. Necessary and extremely costly economic, political and social reforms should were to be carried out during the economic prosperity that was fueled by persistent high oil prices. Introducing the above reforms during the crisis may not be feasible, however, the complete abandonment of such projects will make it impossible for the state to protect itself against future crises
17 WRZEŚNIA 1939 ROKU NA KRESACH WSCHODNICH W PROPAGANDZIE RADZIECKIEJ ORAZ WE WSPÓŁCZESNYM SPOJRZENIU POLAKÓW I BIAŁORUSINÓW
Full text linkOn September 17, 1939, on the strength of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact established on August 23, 1939, Soviet troops carried out armed aggression on the Second Polish Republic without official declaration of war. As a result – Polish territories were divided between Germany and the USSR: the eastern territories of the country were influenced by the Kremlin and part of the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic was incorporated into the Belorusian Soviet Socialist Republic. All war and aggressive activities required not only a deliberate military plan, but also the preparation of an appropriate propaganda ground: propaganda was a tool for creating the necessary background among the masses of the population and on the international arena. Propaganda was used by both the Polish and the Soviet sides: before, during and after the war. Before the war, Poles focused more on Nazi Germans, although some circles of the intelligentsia showed great interest in Soviet Russia. As for current awareness and official interpretation in relation to the events of September 17, 1939, they are considered an act of aggression. Propaganda has always been a strong weapon in the hands of the Soviets. Using this tool, they tried to create a ground and “justify” the aggression against Poland, a myth about the necessity of freeing the oppressed Ukrainians and Belarusians was invented, repeated until the collapse of the USSR. Currently, it is still possible to observe suchan interpretation in Belarus, although the situation is slowly changing, aiming at the recognition of historical truth.On September 17, 1939, on the strength of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact established on August 23, 1939, Soviet troops carried out armed aggression on the Second Polish Republic without official declaration of war. As a result – Polish territories were divided between Germany and the USSR: the eastern territories of the country were influenced by the Kremlin and part of the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic was incorporated into the Belorusian Soviet Socialist Republic. All war and aggressive activities required not only a deliberate military plan, but also the preparation of an appropriate propaganda ground: propaganda was a tool for creating the necessary background among the masses of the population and on the international arena. Propaganda was used by both the Polish and the Soviet sides: before, during and after the war. Before the war, Poles focused more on Nazi Germans, although some circles of the intelligentsia showed great interest in Soviet Russia. As for current awareness and official interpretation in relation to the events of September 17, 1939, they are considered an act of aggression. Propaganda has always been a strong weapon in the hands of the Soviets. Using this tool, they tried to create a ground and “justify” the aggression against Poland, a myth about the necessity of freeing the oppressed Ukrainians and Belarusians was invented, repeated until the collapse of the USSR. Currently, it is still possible to observe suchan interpretation in Belarus, although the situation is slowly changing, aiming at the recognition of historical truth
RECEPCJA ŚREDNIOWIECZNYCH MOTYWÓW W ŚWIECIE GWIEZDNYCH WOJEN
Full text linkThe paper makes up an attempt to systematize and occasionally verify the views on the medieval motifs which were to be used while creating the world of Star Wars. The synchronic method applied in various publications lies behind opinions according to which the inspiration here included: Arthurian legends, the medieval concept of minne, visions of hell, the history and tradition of the Knights Templar, as well as the samurai in feudal Japan. These opinions cannot be regarded as entirely grounded. The remarks on the reception of some motifs related to the samurai or the Knights Templar seem justified as well as the plot of courtly love and the medieval image of hell. However, insistent juxtaposing, among others, of the individual stages of the lives of the saga’s main characters with the fortunes of king Arthur is controversial.The paper makes up an attempt to systematize and occasionally verify the views on the medieval motifs which were to be used while creating the world of Star Wars. The synchronic method applied in various publications lies behind opinions according to which the inspiration here included: Arthurian legends, the medieval concept of minne, visions of hell, the history and tradition of the Knights Templar, as well as the samurai in feudal Japan. These opinions cannot be regarded as entirely grounded. The remarks on the reception of some motifs related to the samurai or the Knights Templar seem justified as well as the plot of courtly love and the medieval image of hell. However, insistent juxtaposing, among others, of the individual stages of the lives of the saga’s main characters with the fortunes of king Arthur is controversial
IGOR OBOLENSKIJ, МЕМУАРЫ МАТЕРИ СТАЛИНА. 13 ЖЕНЩИН ДЖУГАШВИЛИ. MOSKWA: AST, 2015, ss. 352
Full text linkCYBERTERRORYZM ,,KONIEM TROJAŃSKIM” W DOBIE GLOBALIZACJI
Full text linkThe aim of the article is the general characterization of cyberterrorism as a new and constantly evolving form of terrorism. The phenomenon was described in the context of globalization processes and the main definitions of terrorism were cited, followed by the specific factors determining cyberterrorism. The article was based on an analysis of source documents – legislation on terrorismprevention and cyberspace protection. Definitions review was performed. The results of earlier research related to the topic of work are quoted.It has been assessed that in the future the threat of cyber-attacks will be a challenge for states and international organizations. The development of modern technologies and the creation of computerized societies is a factor that provides new areas of action for terrorists. Potential targets of attacks are varied and difficult to protect. Preventive actions should be characterized by a comprehensive approach to the problem and systemic, long-term action in the international sphere.The aim of the article is the general characterization of cyberterrorism as a new and constantly evolving form of terrorism. The phenomenon was described in the context of globalization processes and the main definitions of terrorism were cited, followed by the specific factors determining cyberterrorism. The article was based on an analysis of source documents – legislation on terrorism prevention and cyberspace protection. Definitions review was performed. The results of earlier research related to the topic of work are quoted. It has been assessed that in the future the threat of cyber-attacks will be a challenge for states and international organizations. The development of modern technologies and the creation of computerized societies is a factor that provides new areas of action for terrorists. Potential targets of attacks are varied and difficult to protect. Preventive actions should be characterized by a comprehensive approach to the problem and systemic, long-term action in the international sphere
,,BIERZESZ CZTERY LUB PIĘĆ NUT, JEDNĄ WYRZUCASZ, JEDNĄ PRZESUWASZ…”, czyli temat główny z Gwiezdnych wojen i Marsz imperialny jako standardy muzyki filmowej oraz ich wpływ na kulturę popularną
Full text linkKażdy ma swoje zapachy, smaki, zdjęcia, które są związane z nami w konkretnych sytuacjach. Podobnie jest z muzyką i melodiami. Większość z nas może nucić „Ode to Joy”, „Für Elise” lub… „Imperial March” z „Gwiezdnych wojen”. Jaka jest najsilniejsza jakość muzyki z tej sagi? Dynamizm? Prostota? A może ton instrumentów? Spróbuję znaleźć powód.Zdjęcia z tego zdjęcia są i są z nim związane. Wies jest z muzyką i melodiami. Większość z nas może nucić „Oda do radości”, „Für Elise” lub… „Imperial March” z „Gwiezdnych wojen”. Jaka jest najsilniejsza jakość muzyki z tej sagi? Dynamizm? Prostota? A może ton instrumentów? Spróbuję znaleźć powód
(NIE-)POWROTY. ESEJ O DOŚWIADCZENIU I PAMIĘCI ROKU 1945
Full text linkThe study brings up sensitive problems of the contemporary Polish history, revealing some mechanisms of historical discourse in the public space. Refl ection on the historical memory, the war trauma and the problem of shortened perspective puts emphasis on the absence of alternative narrations around such categories as: nation, Catholic Church, patriotism, the left, polish Jews. Th is issue is associated with the question of contemporary historical research and the politics of history shaping collective memory in Poland.The study brings up sensitive problems of the contemporary Polish history, revealing some mechanisms of historical discourse in the public space. Refl ection on the historical memory, the war trauma and the problem of shortened perspective puts emphasis on the absence of alternative narrations around such categories as: nation, Catholic Church, patriotism, the left, polish Jews. Th is issue is associated with the question of contemporary historical research and the politics of history shaping collective memory in Poland
MITOLOGIZACJA I POLITYZACJA HISTORII: CO MOŻEMY WIEDZIEĆ, CO MOŻEMY ZROBIĆ I CZEGO MOŻEMY SIĘ SPODZIEWAĆ?
Full text linkMITOLOGIZACJA I POLITYZACJA HISTORII: CO MOŻEMY WIEDZIEĆ, CO MOŻEMY ZROBIĆ I CZEGO MOŻEMY SIĘ SPODZIEWAĆ
TRZY ŹRÓDŁA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ HISTORIOGRAFII PAŃSTWOWEJ
Full text linkThe present state historiography in Poland is dominated by the chronicling of events. But its politicization (even particization), mythologization and tabloidization neglecting methodological rules of the scientifi c research, implicate the misconception of the history and the incomprehension of the past, revealing in the diff erent public contexts. Regarding current cultural processes, the eff ects for the contemporary historiography are massively destructive and no change for bett er is observed in this moment.Th e present state historiography in Poland is dominated by the chronicling of events. But its politicization (even particization), mythologization and tabloidization neglecting methodological rules of the scientifi c research, implicate the misconception of the history and the incomprehension of the past, revealing in the diff erent public contexts. Regarding current cultural processes, the eff ects for the contemporary historiography are massively destructive and no change for bett er is observed in this moment