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Meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors of animal fascioliasis in Eastern and Southern Africa between 2000 and 2023
No full textThis article can be accesses directly from the publishers site https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106490Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. It is caused by trematodes species Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciola gigantica. The parasites infest the liver particularly the bile ducts, and cause harm to the host. The economic loss to both dairy and meat industry is attributed to emaciation, reduction in milk production, death, infertility, and losses to liver condemnation. However, fascioliasis remains poorly studied and limited data is available to guide appropriate interventions especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of animal fascioliasis in Eastern and Southern Africa between 2000 and 2023. Globally recognized databases including Science Direct, PubMed and Google scholar were used to search the related studies on fascioliasis conducted between 2000 and 2023 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A review of papers was done for risk factors of fascioliasis, and data was extracted. A total of 106 articles met the inclusion criteria, data was extracted, analyzed using meta package in R software (version 4.21), and presented both quantitatively and qualitatively. Forest plots at a 95 % confidence interval were generated to show the prevalence estimate of different subgroups and Cochran’s Q statistic was used to measure the level of heterogeneity between studies. The prevalence estimates for different animal species in Eastern and Southern Africa were 47.5 % (95 % CI: 38.0–57.2 %) in mules, 23.3 % (95 % CI: 17.0–31.1 %) in sheep, 23.4 % (95 % CI: 19.2–28.2 %) in cattle, 23.2 % (95 % CI: 19.3–27.6 %) in donkeys, 12.2 % (95 % CI: 9.9–14.8 %) in horses, and 7.9 % (95 % CI: 5.4–11.5 %) in goats. These findings clearly demonstrate the high prevalence of
fascioliasis in animals in Eastern and Southern Africa. We therefore recommend enhanced awareness and promotion of effective prevention measures for the Fasciola infection control to maximize benefits from livestock production
Reservoir characterization and modeling of fractured basement in ruman oil field, Melut Basin, South Sudan.
No full textA Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School in partial fulfillment for the award of a Master of Science Degree in Petroleum Geoscience of Makerere University.This research investigates the hydrocarbon reservoir potential of fractured basement rocks in the Ruman Field, located in the Melut Basin of South Sudan. An integrated approach, utilizing a combination of resistivity images, acoustic logs, lithological data, and seismic attributes, was employed to effectively evaluate the formation. The study identifies two primary sets of fractures from well data interpretation with a notable concentration around the Ruman A1 well, attributed to nearby faulting. However, the study of seismic attributes has shown significant fracture network at the uplift basement section. Fracture orientations predominantly trend NE-SW and NW-SE, with aperture widths ranging from 0.4 mm to 2.1 mm and mean hydraulic apertures between 0.7 mm and 2.7 mm. These findings indicate favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation within the granitic gneiss lithology (Chandrasekhar, P.H., Mane, P., Rajappan, P., ONGC, WOB, Mumbai, 2015).
Cumulative intensity logs were analyzed to define mechanical zones, revealing three structural trends that correlate with the identified fracture systems. Variance and ant track seismic attributes further enhanced the understanding of fracture features in this extensional setting (Varsha, Malviya, Sanjoy, & Deelip, 2023). A comprehensive Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model was generated, depicting ellipsoidal fractures with maximum lengths of 500 cm and widths up to 3 cm. The model indicates porosity and permeability distributions of 0.7% to 1.5% and 0.4 md to 2.1 md, respectively, with significant oil-bearing fractures trending NW-SW.
The results underscore the importance of thorough fracture characterization for effective reservoir management and highlight the need for further studies, including well testing, geomechanical modeling and advanced 3D seismic imaging, to improve geological understanding and reduce exploration risks. By integrating techniques, this research aims to enhance predictions of reservoir behavior under various development scenarios, contributing to more effective hydrocarbon appraisal and development strategies
Prevalence of multi-drug resistant UTIs and antibiotic sensitivity profiles amongst male patients with bladder outlet obstruction: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly emerging global problem with multidrug resistant (MDR) urinary tract infections (UTIs) complicating treatment, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) are at heightened risk of recurrent UTIs, contributing to irrational antibiotic use and resistance. The limited treatment options for MDR UTIs create significant challenges in patient management.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of MDR UTIs and assess the antibiotic sensitivity profiles amongst patients with BOO at Mulago National Specialized Hospital from July to September 2024.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study recruited 156 male BOO patients consecutively. Socio-demographic data was collected using quantitative tools, while urine samples underwent microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Data were analyzed using STATA (version 18). Ethical approval and informed consent were secured.
Utility: Findings may inform local treatment protocols to enhance patient management and combat antibiotic resistance.
Results: Microbiologically confirmed UTIs were found in 65 (41.03%) participants, with gram-negative rods / Enterobacteriaceae (88.06%) as the predominant cause. E. coli (35.82%) and Klebsiella (10.45%) were the most common isolates. MDR UTI prevalence was 39.10% (95% CI: 30.48–45.76), with ESBL-producing E. coli being the most resistant strain. Common uro-pathogens exhibited high resistance to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone but remained sensitive to amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem. Having an indwelling catheter increases the odds of developing MDR UTIs by 4.63 compared to not having an indwelling catheter.
Conclusion: We observed a high proportion of MDR UTIs in symptomatic patients with BOO with high microbial resistance observed towards commonly used antibiotic options in our setting
Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of neonates with anorectal malformations at Mulago National Referral Hospital
No full textBackground
Anorectal malformation is a common disease entity among neonates presenting to pediatric surgery units in Uganda. The optimal care for these babies is compromised by gaps in several of the pillars of the health-care system in the country. Despite all these,
the factors associated with the mortality of neonates managed for anorectal malformations in Uganda are yet to be formally evaluated.
Objective: To determine factors associated with in-hospital mortality of neonates admitted with anorectal malformations in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of neonates with anorectal malformation managed at Mulago National Referral Hospital from January 2015 to December 2023. Socio-demographic and clinical data of patients were retrieved and analyzed. A logistic
regression model was used to identify factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality of neonates with anorectal malformation. All analyses were 2-sided (p<0.05) using Epi-info (version 7.2.6.0). Results were reported as percentage proportions as well as odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals.
Results: A total of 226 files of neonates with anorectal malformations were assessed. Median age at presentation was 3 days (IQR: 2 to 7days). 87 (38.5%) were female and 139 (61.5%) male. Majority of the neonates, 136 (60.2%) presented with features of intestinal obstruction and 62 (27.4%) developed sepsis. Overall in-hospital mortality was 50 cases, 22.1% (95% CI: 17.0% - 28.2%). Multivariate logistic regression showed the factors: Occurrence of sepsis, none placement of colostomy and presence of at least
one other associated congenital anomaly to be significantly associated with mortality of neonates with anorectal malformation in Mulago National Referral Hospital. ARM occurring with tracheoesophageal atresia/fistula carried 100% mortality.
Conclusion: In-hospital mortality of neonates with anorectal malformation managed in Mulago National Referral hospital was high (22.1%). Developing sepsis, failure to give indicated colostomy and presence of other associated congenital anomalies are factors
significantly associated with mortality of neonates with anorectal malformatio
The prevalence and factors associated with depression among undergraduates at Makerere University who have experienced intimate partner violence
No full textBackground: Depression among university students is a growing public health concern, particularly in those who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Understanding the prevalence and associated factors is crucial to inform targeted interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) among
undergraduates who had experienced intimate partner violence.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. An online structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data among 420 undergraduates aged at least 18 years with a history of IPV. Consecutive sampling technique was employed and students from all 10 colleges of the university
were enrolled. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess for depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10). Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was employed to examine the associations between MDD and independent variables.
Results: The overall prevalence of MDD among participants was 32.4%, with the highest prevalence in those who had experienced sexual IPV (32.4%). Females IPV survivors compared to males were 45% more likely to have depression. Those with a family history of mental illness were 1.4 times more likely to report depression, harmful alcohol use increased risk of depression
by 56% and experiences of childhood adversity such as bullying witnessing and experience of violence in the household increased risk of depression two to threefold. Academic stress experienced nearly every day was also significantly associated with MDD IRR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.06 – 4.18, p = 0.007.
Conclusion: Depression is prevalent among undergraduates at Makerere University exposed to IPV. Associated factors include female sex, a family history of mental illness, harmful alcohol use and academic stress. These findings underscore the need to integrate structured and accessible mental health services into the university health policy frameworks, mandate education on mental health and substance use, and gender-based violence prevention embedded in orientation sessions and curricula; establish clear survivor-centered reporting and support systems including psychological first aid and trauma-focused therapy; encourage student-led mental health and anti-violence peer support groups, especially for survivors; regulate alcohol access on campus and promote harm reduction strategies. Lastly, universities should put in place policies that promote a safe and inclusive campus environment with a focus on zero tolerance for violence or harassment backed by clear disciplinary measures.Ruggles Scholarship - NUVANCE Healt
Self-esteem, emotional intelligence and academic engagement among school-going adolescents in public primary schools in Namutumba Town Council, Namutumba District
No full textA dissertation submitted to the School of Psychology in partial fulfillment for the award of a Master of Education in Educational Psychology of Makerere University.This study examined the relationship between self-esteem, emotional intelligence and academic engagement among school going adolescents. Specifically, the study was guided by four objectives; to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic engagement, to examine relationship between self-esteem and emotional intelligence, to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic engagement and to establish whether emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between self-esteem and academic engagement. A correlation design was adopted. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a population of 480 early school-going adolescents represented by a sample of 214 respondents determined by Krejcie & Morgan, (1970). Data was analysed using SPSS Version 25 and the first three hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Hypothesis four was tested using the 3-step regression analysis called Process v4.2. The findings of the study revealed the following; a positive non-significant relationship between self-esteem and academic engagement (r=0.102, p=0.106), a significant relationship between self-esteem and emotional intelligence (r = 0.233, p= 0.003) and a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic engagement (r = 0.561, p= 0.00). Additionally emotional intelligence plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and academic engagement among early adolescents. The study concluded that the findings achieved the objectives, providing insights into how these psychological constructs interact. Emotional intelligence emerged as a significant factor in its mediating role. The recommendations include incorporating lessons focused on self-esteem and emotional intelligence into curriculum to increase academic engagement in order to contribute to the holistic development of adolescents
Biochemical responses of Robusta coffee to water deficit conditions
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of Master of Science of Makerere University.Drought stress poses a major challenge to crop productivity by altering the biochemical composition, antioxidant defenses, and morphological development. This study investigated how the biochemical responses and the antioxidant system in Robusta coffee relate to the morphological traits under water deficit conditions. Rooted cuttings of seven CWD-r Robusta coffee varieties (KR1-KR7) were evaluated under four watering regimes (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% field capacity, FC) in a split-split plot randomized complete block design over two temperature environments, low (LTS) and high (HTS). Morphological parameters (plant height, leaf blade length, leaf blade width, stem internode length, number of stem nodes, and number of stem internodes) were measured fortnightly for four months. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify key biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) from the leaves, while the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay was used to assess total antioxidant activity and capacity monthly for four months. Findings demonstrated significant interactive effects of temperature, moisture regime, and variety on the biochemical profile, of CWD-r Robusta coffee varieties. However, under severe drought stress, this coordination weakens as antioxidants become decoupled from biochemical maintenance, particularly under high temperatures. KR5 consistently maintained the highest biomolecule accumulation across most regimes, while KR2 and KR4 had lower biomolecule reserves under stress. TAA and TAC were stable across varieties but peaked for variety KR6 under mild (75% FC) and moderate (50% FC) moisture stress, highlighting the role of antioxidants in stress mitigation. Correlation analyses revealed robust positive associations among the spectral regions corresponding to the biomolecules, confirming a coordinated response to drought stress. Correlations between the biochemical markers and morphological parameters (such as plant height, stem node/internode counts, and leaf dimensions) were weak to moderate, suggesting that while metabolic adjustments are integral for stress mitigation, the morphological outcomes are governed by a more complex interplay of factors. A multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index was applied to rank variety performance under distinct stress scenarios. Under well-watered (100% FC) and mild water stress (75% FC), KR1 emerged as the most promising genotype. Under moderate water deficit (50% FC), KR7 and KR3 were identified as the most suitable varieties in the HTS and LTS, respectively. Under 25% FC, KR1 and KR5 showed the strongest combination of biochemical accumulation and antioxidant defenses in the HTS and LTS respectively securing their ranking as the most water stress resilient varieties
Objection my lord: civil procedure: comprehensive anaysis of civil litigation from commencement to judgement. revisied and updated second edition
No full textA bookIt is with profound admiration that I pen this review for the second edition of *Objection My Lord*, an extraordinary legal tome by the distinguished scholar Isaac Christopher Lubogo. Having made a resounding impact with its inaugural edition, this magnum opus has not only solidified its place in the annals of legal literature but has now ascended to even greater heights in its revised form. Lubogo has meticulously expanded the boundaries of legal discourse, presenting a work that is not merely an analysis but an intellectual journey through the complex architecture of trial advocacy. The first edition of *Objection My Lord* already heralded the arrival of a formidable legal mind, one whose treatment of objections and courtroom dynamics was incisive and authoritative. However, this second edition exemplifies what can only be described as a tour de force in legal writing. With refined precision, the author delves into the intricacies of evidentiary objections, the art of courtroom persuasion, and the strategies that define masterful advocacy. Isaac Christopher Lubogo has, with this edition, set an even higher bar for legal scholarship. His mastery of procedural and substantive law is evident as he navigates through both theoretical frameworks and practical applications with unparalleled fluency. His discourse on the law of evidence is especially noteworthy, as it demonstrates a rare combination of academic rigor and pragmatic insight—qualities that are essential for any advocate seeking to excel in litigation. The author’s treatment of objections in this edition goes beyond mere technicalities; it explores the psychological and rhetorical dimensions of legal practice, elevating the subject from a simple procedural necessity to a formidable weapon in the arsenal of courtroom strategy. Lubogo dissects the art of objecting with clinical precision, revealing the subtleties that differentiate the ordinary advocate from the truly exceptional. Moreover, this edition benefits from a deepened engagement with comparative jurisprudence. Lubogo draws from not only Ugandan and East African legal systems but also traverses global legal landscapes, enriching the text with international perspectives that offer fresh insights and broaden the scope of applicability for both budding and seasoned practitioners. The author’s style is replete with eloquence, yet never at the expense of clarity. His ability to marry dense legal principles with accessible explanations makes this book an invaluable resource for law students, practitioners, and even judges. The second edition is undeniably a magnum opus—an academic feast of legal wisdom served with eloquence, precision, and a deep understanding of the legal craft. In sum, *Objection My Lord* in its second edition is an indispensable guide for the astute advocate. Isaac Christopher Lubogo has upped the ante, setting an exemplary standard for future legal scholarship. I wholeheartedly commend this work to every member of the legal fraternity, for it will undoubtedly leave an indelible mark on the study and practice of la
Objection my lord: land transactions. revised and updated second edition
No full textA bookIt is with profound admiration that I pen this review for the second edition of *Objection My Lord*, an extraordinary legal tome by the distinguished scholar Isaac Christopher Lubogo. Having made a resounding impact with its inaugural edition, this magnum opus has not only solidified its place in the annals of legal literature but has now ascended to even greater heights in its revised form. Lubogo has meticulously expanded the boundaries of legal discourse, presenting a work that is not merely an analysis but an intellectual journey through the complex architecture of trial advocacy. The first edition of *Objection My Lord* already heralded the arrival of a formidable legal mind, one whose treatment of objections and courtroom dynamics was incisive and authoritative. However, this second edition exemplifies what can only be described as a tour de force in legal writing. With refined precision, the author delves into the intricacies of evidentiary objections, the art of courtroom persuasion, and the strategies that define masterful advocacy. Isaac Christopher Lubogo has, with this edition, set an even higher bar for legal scholarship. His mastery of procedural and substantive law is evident as he navigates through both theoretical frameworks and practical applications with unparalleled fluency. His discourse on the law of evidence is especially noteworthy, as it demonstrates a rare combination of academic rigor and pragmatic insight—qualities that are essential for any advocate seeking to excel in litigation. The author’s treatment of objections in this edition goes beyond mere technicalities; it explores the psychological and rhetorical dimensions of legal practice, elevating the subject from a simple procedural necessity to a formidable weapon in the arsenal of courtroom strategy. Lubogo dissects the art of objecting with clinical precision, revealing the subtleties that differentiate the ordinary advocate from the truly exceptional. Moreover, this edition benefits from a deepened engagement with comparative jurisprudence. Lubogo draws from not only Ugandan and East African legal systems but also traverses global legal landscapes, enriching the text with international perspectives that offer fresh insights and broaden the scope of applicability for both budding and seasoned practitioners. The author’s style is replete with eloquence, yet never at the expense of clarity. His ability to marry dense legal principles with accessible explanations makes this book an invaluable resource for law students, practitioners, and even judges. The second edition is undeniably a magnum opus—an academic feast of legal wisdom served with eloquence, precision, and a deep understanding of the legal craft. In sum, *Objection My Lord* in its second edition is an indispensable guide for the astute advocate. Isaac Christopher Lubogo has upped the ante, setting an exemplary standard for future legal scholarship. I wholeheartedly commend this work to every member of the legal fraternity, for it will undoubtedly leave an indelible mark on the study and practice of law
“Evaluation of credit terms, accessibility, and sustainability of small businesses in south Sudan. A case study of Konyokonyo and Gudele market vendors in Juba city South Sudan”.
No full textA research report submitted to the College of Business and Management Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Master of Financial Services of Makerere UniversityThe study was carried out to establish the relationship between credit terms, credit accessibility, and the sustainability of small and medium enterprises in Juba South Sudan. The following objectives guided the study; to examine, the relationship between credit terms and the sustainability of SMEs, the relationship between credit accessibility and sustainability of SMEs, and the combined effect of credit terms and credit accessibility on the sustainability of SMEs in Konyokonyo and Gudele Markets. This was a quantitative study that relied on a quantitative research approach out of 350 registered SMEs in the Konyokonyo and Gudele Markets and, a sample of 240 SMEs was drawn. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and data from the field was compiled, sorted, and edited for analysis using SPSS. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between credit terms and sustainability, credit accessibility and sustainability, and a combination of credit terms and credit accessibility and sustainability of SMEs within Konyokonyo and Gudele Markets. Based on the findings, the study recommended that financial Institutions and quick money lenders relax credit terms which will increase credit accessibility and automatically lead to sustainability. SMEs should ensure mechanisms that can boost their credit accessibility, and the government of South Sudan should put in place policies that provide easy access to credit by SMEs. They should further increase funding opportunities and come up with more entrepreneurship-oriented programs such as capital ventures with well-maximized guaranteed sustainability of SMEs