Mak IR Repository (Makerere University)
Not a member yet
9127 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluating the quality management measures used during the Kampala flyover construction project (KFCRUP)-LOT 1.
No full textA project report submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Master of Science in Construction Management of Makerere University.According to (Ashokkumar , 2014) worldwide, the construction industry has been struggling
with quality issues for many years and the construction Contractors have been wasting
resources as a result of faulty construction. Many construction projects in the world
experience varying degrees of poor performance, resulting in the loss of money and the
Client’s value for money not achieved. This particular challenge has raised eyebrows for
construction project management professionals to discover the relevant issues that need to be
addressed to ensure a successful project outcome ( Osho, 2019)
In construction projects, quality performance is considered vital for client satisfaction
(Oladotun, Favour, & Oluwaseun, 2022).Quality management in construction is a distinct
feature that needs to be given utmost seriousness in any construction work (Orji , Obodoh ,
& Onoh , 2016 ). It is a holistic approach to managing a project and ensures effort to
achieve and improve on the required standard for a project which is well planned and
organized, to obtain customer satisfaction, provides value for money, and fit for purpose
(Orji , Obodoh , & Onoh , 2016 ). Quality management practices, according to (Howarth &
Watson, 2011) and (Ofori, Gang, & Briffett, 2002) can speed up projects and increase
profitability, help satisfy clients, reduce the number of defects, reduce inspection costs,
enhance workmanship efficiency, and improve construction repute
Performance evaluation of Sanity 2.0 system in detecting high risk Human papillomavirus in Uganda
No full textAim: We aimed to evaluate the performance of the Sanity 2.0 system as a point-of-care screening
test for high-risk Human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) using Cobas 4800 as the gold standard.
Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide.
Almost all sexually active individuals are exposed with one or more hr-HPV genotypes and
persistent infection can induce pre or cancerous lesions.
Methods :This study involved n=500 archived Cobas 4800 HPV screened samples. They were
subjected to Sanity 2.0 to compare their performance and hr-HPVs diagnostic accuracy. STATA
and R software were used for analysis and visualization respectively.
Results: The median age of participants was 41 years (IQR 40-42). Of the 495 samples analyzed
using Sanity 2.0 test of which 100 were cases and 395 were non-cases on the Cobas 4800 test, 133
(26.9) were positive, 270 (54.6) were negative and 92 (18.6) were invalid. Sanity showed more
discriminatory power in genotype identification, 43/133 (32.33%) compared to Cobas 4800,
11/100 (11%). Genotypes 16 (12.03%), 18 (9.02%), 35 (8.27%) and 56 (7.52%) were the most
frequent. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value
(NPP) of Sanity 2.0 were 88.76% (88.58 – 88.98), 84.92% (84.79 – 85.05), 88.76% (88.58 – 88.98)
and 84.92% (84.79 – 85.05) respectively.
Conclusion: Sanity 2.0 assay showed high NPV in detecting hr-HPVs. Despite itslow PPV, Sanity
runs 4 samples per run hence its deployment as a point-of-care-test would reduce turnaround-time
associated with Cobas 4800 batch processing in resource-limited settings. The high hr-HPV
genotype discriminatory power of Sanity 2.0 in this study would have implications on current and
future vaccines initiatives
The contribution of empowerment programs on improving the livelihood status of the refugee host populations in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement, Kikuube District
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Arts Degree in Sociology of Makerere UniversityThe purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of the empowerment programs on improving the livelihood status of the refugee host populations. This study adopted a cross sectional study design and utilized both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The study was conducted in Kyangwali Refugee Settlement present day Kikuube District. The researcher used simple random sampling and Purposive sampling to obtain the respondents that took part in the study. The Researcher used a Survey as quantitative data collection method and key informant interviews as a qualitative data collection method. Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists and qualitative data analysed using thematic analysis and coding. ReHoPE promotes peaceful coexistence, lead to the promotion of environmental conservation, led to the formation of the 70/30 policy, encourage trade activities between refugees and host populations and awards contracts to refugee host population. DRDIP project implemented under OPM has constructed roads in the settlement and formed VSLA savings to reduce vulnerability among refugees and host populations. After interventions of DRDIP, REHOPE AND CIDI livelihood project, host population have been able to acquire vocational skills in mechanics, hairdressing and tailoring, hence acquiring jobs, since sewing machines have been distributed to the host populations. Host population learners have gained free primary education, secondary , free medical services are accesed due to integrated health response plan , however sometimes the interventions are limited by shortage of drugs in the hospitals, crowding of schools and shortage of land to practice the acquired agriculutural activities with Under ReHoPE Refugee host populations are fully realizing their basic needs and rights, lead productive and meaningful lives and participate as full members of their communities, strengthening and expanding of women’s community and leadership roles, women’s refugee management committee. There is a need to strengthen and enhance multispectral services, including district- and local-level structures, encourage the case management capacity of GBV and child protection actors through systematic training and mentorship improve facilities and logistical resources; and strengthen coordination and referral mechanisms, including local leaders and refugee and host community welfare committees
Examining the impact of domestic taxes on Uganda’s economic growth.
No full textA research report submitted to the College of Business and Management Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Master of Economic Policy Management of Makerere UniversityIn Uganda, where more than 80% of government budget expenditure depends on taxes, policymakers continue to seek an appropriate tax burden and composition that supports robust but inclusive macroeconomic expansion. The general objective of the study was examining the impact of domestic taxes on Uganda’s economic growth. This study used a descriptive research design to obtain information concerning examining the impact of domestic taxes on Uganda’s economic growth. The study was carried out using publicly available reports by Uganda revenue authority, Ministry of finance planning and economic development and bank of Uganda covering domestic taxes and Uganda’s economic growth. The study population broadly comprised of documents from URA, Bank of Uganda and ministry of fiancé planning and economic development. The data was obtained through extracting relevant information from already published printed and online documents. To control quality, the study considered reliability and validity. Reliability was based on whether the sources used are from recognized institutions in the industry. Validity was achieved through comparing the data with the objectives and only data that answered the study objectives and questions was considered and sieved from the voluminous reports which were reviewed. Results revealed that between 2019 and 2024, Uganda experienced a positive correlation between personal tax average filing rate and GDP growth (R= 0.332, P> 0.05). This means that, as more tax payers comply by filing tax returns, there is a likelihood that more GDP growth will be registered. Results show that Corporate Income Tax (UGX) is inversely related to GDP Growth. There is thus a negative correlation by -0.604 but not significant though (R= -0.604, p> 0.05). This means that increased Corporate Income Tax damages GDP growth as companies become constrained to invest more due their profits being eaten up into tax. Results show that VAT had a positive but insignificant contribution to GDP growth. This was seen with a correlation of 0.711 (r= 0.711, P> 0.05). This means that improvements in VAT collections are likely to lead to enhanced GDP growth, holding other factors constant. The study concludes that personal income remains a big contributor to tax revenue and better personal filling is needed to improve tax collections. The inverse link between corporate income tax and GDP growth is a cause of concern as Uganda needs big companies that can drive the economy yet if these are not taxed properly or fairly and appropriately, they may fail and thus cause negative thrusts in the economy. Those qualifying for VAT must have their capacities built to contribute substantially to the cause of economic growth through increased GDP. On policy implications, this study has informed policy makers that personal income is an important contributor to the tax base and GDP which must be studied further to establish the level of personal taxes that would remain good enough not to influence evasion and avoidance. Big companies operating in Uganda like MTN, Nile Breweries, Airtel and Uganda Breweries need to be taxed carefully not to scare them away from deepening and widening investment. VAT must be collected from whoever qualifies so that every potential tax payer is netted to have a contribution to the economy. The study recommends fair assessment of personal income taxes by authorities like URA to increase compliance. The country should desist from unfair tax exemptions to some big companies and audit of all the current tax holidays and exemptions and have those not justifiable cancelled. This can be well accomplished by the IGG, auditor general and URA. VAT as a good contributor to the economy must be collected more electronically, the same way Electronic Fiscal Receipting and Invoicing Solution (EFRIS) does. This study was based on secondary data and thus does not have current opinions of experts in Uganda. The study looked at VAT, personal income tax and corporate income tax as contributors to GDP yet there are other non-economic factors like politics, level of technology and quality of the population among others that determine the GDP of a country
Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and coping strategies among refugees in Kyaka II Settlement Camp, Kyegegwa District.
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Department of Mental Health, School of Psychology in partial fulfillment for the award of a Master’s of Science in Clinical Psychology of Makerere UniversityThis study aimed to examine the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and coping strategies among refugees. The objectives of the study were (a) to examine the relationship between PTSD and coping strategies, (b) to investigate the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and depression, (c) to determine the relationship between depression and coping strategies, and (d) to identify the mediating role of depression in the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and coping strategies among refugees. The study was quantitative with a sample size of 201 refugees obtained through a stratified random sampling technique from Kyaka II Settlement Camp, Kyegegwa District in Uganda, of which 100 were males and the rest were females. Data was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and hypothesis 4, which examined the mediation relationship, was analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and coping strategies, (r (198) =.43, p<.01.), a significant positive relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and depression,( r (198) =.65, p<.01. ) and a significantly positive relationship between depression and copying strategies,(r (198) =.38, p<.01.) . Conclusively, there is a significant relationship between the study variables as hypothesized. Mental health experts like psychologists and psychiatrists should create awareness campaigns on mental challenges (PTSD and depression) and how coping strategies are affected and affect mental health. Further research should be done among other groups of people to compare findings and create more effective policies for the different subgroups
Assessing the effects of Official Mailo Land Tenure (Kabaka's Land) on physical infrastructure development
No full textA research dissertation submitted to the Department of Construction Economics and Management in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Land Economics of Makerere University.This research investigates the impact of official Mailo land tenure on infrastructure development in Uganda using case studies from urban areas of Kasubi, Lungujja, and Kibuye. Ntinda area which has Leasehold as the predominant tenure was used for comparison purposes. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining satellite imagery analysis, stakeholder interviews, and resident questionnaires to comprehensively assess the state of infrastructure within the context of official Mailo land tenure. Satellite imagery from 2002 and 2023 is analyzed to identify changes in land cover and infrastructure over the past two decades. The analysis reveals significant increases in residential and housing developments, accompanied by challenges such as narrow streets and inadequate utilities. Stakeholder interviews with government representatives and local leaders among others provided an insight into land management practices and regulatory frameworks affecting infrastructure development on official mailo land. Data from resident questionnaires further corroborate findings from satellite imagery analysis and stakeholder interviews. Residents report a notable rise in residential buildings, coupled with very limited improvements in roads and utilities. The fragmented ownership of official Mailo land emerges as a key factor hindering coordinated infrastructure development, contributing to a patchwork of developments with varying standards which are evidently very poor. The study underscores the need for policy interventions to address the challenges posed by official Mailo land tenure. Recommendations include streamlining land acquisition processes, enhancing financial access for infrastructure projects, and increasing the proactive role of the Buganda Land Board in overseeing development standard
Assessing the relative influence of future climate and land use changes on flow Dynamics in the upper Rwizi catchment
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering of Makerere University.This study addresses the relative influence of future climate and land use changes on River Rwizi’s hydrology, a currently water-stressed catchment in western Uganda. Although many studies have evaluated these factors separately, few have considered their combined effects or quantitatively distinguished their relative contributions. Using an ensemble of six CORDEX Regional Climate Models (RCMs), the study projected future temperature and precipitation changes under moderate (RCP 4.5) and high (RCP 8.5) emissions scenarios. The Cellular Automata-Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) model was applied to predict land use changes by 2048. Hydrological simulations were then performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) under three scenarios: land use change alone, climate change alone, and a combined scenario. Results showed that land use change alone would increase River Rwizi’s total annual flow by 47.3%, while climate change alone would decrease it by 9.8%. The combined scenario showed a 20.9% increase in annual flow, highlighting the stronger influence of land use changes on total annual runoff. All scenarios projected increases in high-flow events, based on 10-year flow quantiles, with the combined scenario producing the highest increases: 77.7% under RCP 4.5 and 75.05% under RCP 8.5. Climate change alone also significantly increased high flows, with rises of 64.7% (RCP 4.5) and 73.5% (RCP 8.5). In contrast, low flow quantiles decreased under both land use and climate change scenarios, particularly under the combined scenario, suggesting potential low-flow challenges for water supply. Attribution analysis identified climate change as the primary driver of increased high flows, heightening flood risks, while land use changes were more influential on total annual and extreme low flows, impacting water availability for Mbarara. The findings underscore the importance of integrated water management that addresses both factors. To ensure sustainable water resources, a dual approach is recommended. First, implement stringent land use policies to help regulate annual and low flows critical for consistent water supply. Second, adopt climate adaptation strategies, such as flood management, to mitigate the risks posed by increased peak flows. This balanced approach is essential for sustaining water supply in Mbarara and maintaining the River Rwizi’s hydrological balance
Assessing knowledge and attitudes relating to women's land ownership rights in Kimannya-Kabonera Division, Masaka City, Masaka District
No full textA project report submitted to the Graduate School in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Master’s of Science in Land Management of Makerere University, College of Engineering Design Art and Technology of Makerere UniversityBackground/Introduction: Gender equality is essential for sustainable development, with women's land rights being crucial. Despite legal reforms, women in Africa, particularly Uganda, face barriers in land ownership due to socio-cultural norms and implementation gaps. This study assesses the knowledge and attitudes of women in Kakunyu Parish, Kimannya-Kabonera Division, Masaka City, regarding their land ownership rights. The study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of women in Kimannya-Kabonera Division concerning their land ownership rights. Identifying gaps and barriers will inform policy interventions, legal reforms, and community initiatives to empower women and promote gender equality in land ownership. A mixed-methods approach was used, including quantitative and qualitative data collection. Systematic random sampling of 87 women was conducted using structured questionnaires. In-depth interviews with key women leaders and men were carried out via purposive sampling. Data were collected over two weeks and analyzed over one and a half months using descriptive statistics and NVivo 14 for thematic analysis. Knowledge of Land Rights: Only 32% of women were aware of specific legal provisions for land ownership.
Attitudes towards Land Ownership: Cultural norms heavily influence attitudes, with 45% of women apprehensive about asserting their rights due to fear of social backlash, while 38% expressed a strong desire to claim their rights if supported. Perceived Barriers: Key barriers include traditional practices (52%), legal complexities (47%), and limited access to resources. Impact of Legal Reforms: Only 29% of women felt that legal reforms had positively impacted their ability to own land. Women in Kimannya-Kabonera Division face significant challenges in asserting land rights due to socio-cultural barriers and lack of awareness. The study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions, increased legal literacy, and community-driven initiatives to promote gender equity in land ownership. Addressing these issues is crucial for sustainable development and social progress in Masaka
Uterine rupture and associated factors among pregnant women at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital.
No full textA research thesis submitted to Makerere University, Directorate of Research and Graduate Training, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Public Health of Makerere University.Background:Uterine rupture is a life-threatening obstetric complication, particularly prevalent in low-resource settings like Uganda, where it significantly contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This condition, characterized by the non-surgical tearing of uterine layers during pregnancy or delivery, demands prompt diagnosis and intervention to avert adverse outcomes This study aimed to identify the factors associated with uterine rupture and assess the outcomes for women delivering at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH). Methodology:A case-control study design was employed, utilizing secondary data from patient files. Cases comprised women who experienced uterine rupture and underwent laparotomy, while controls were women who delivered at HRRH without experiencing uterine rupture. Data collection was performed using a structured checklist, and statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analyses to determine the factors associated with uterine rupture. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the strength of associations. Results: The study identified several factors significantly associated with uterine rupture. Pregnant mothers with a previous uterine scar hada higher likelihood of getting uterine rapture (AOR = 5.6; 95% CI: 2.8-11.1), Lack of educational attainment was linked to increased risk, women with primary education attainment were 0.29 times lower compared to those with no formal education (AOR=0.29, 95%Cl: 0.086-0.977), uterine rupture among women with secondary education was 0.16 times lower compared to women with no formal education (AOR=0.16, 95%Cl: 0.047-0.527). Marital status and distance from healthcare facilities also emerged as significant factors; married women (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.8) and those living more than 5Kms from a health facility (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.8-7.6) were at higher risk. The study also found that the use of oxytocin before the third stage of labor was associated with reduced odds of uterine rupture (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.8). Conclusion: The findings highlight critical socio-demographic and clinical factors, including previous cesarean scars and delayed access to healthcare, that contribute to the incidence of uterine rupture. To reduce the incidence and improve outcomes, the study recommends enhancing maternal health education during antenatal care, especially regarding the risks of uterine rupture and the importance of timely healthcare access. Strengthening emergency obstetric care, improving referral systems, and ensuring better access to health facilities for women in remote areas are essential strategies for reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with uterine ruptur
Assessment of the dependency of the relationship between speedy moisture tester and traditional oven method values in granular road construction materials
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering of Makerere University.Moisture regulation in natural granular road construction materials significantly influences the strength and stiffness properties of embankments and pavement layers. However, quick and accurate moisture determination prior to compaction remains a challenge as the most reliable Traditional Oven Method (TOM) is time-consuming and delays decision-making during construction. The Speedy Moisture Tester (SMT) is commonly used in the field for rapid moisture determination due to its convenience, low operating costs, no power source requirements and ease of use. This study investigated the relationship between SMT and TOM results in natural granular road construction materials, focusing on materials commonly used in Uganda's road construction industry. The study involved controlled laboratory tests using both SMT and TOM methods for a wide range of material properties. Eleven regression models were developed for different material classes, establishing relationships between SMT values, specific material properties, and the true moisture values determined by TOM. Results indicate that the relationship between SMT and TOM values vary substantially with material properties. The SMT values and percentage of materials not tested in the equipment due to particle size limitation were strong predictors in the developed models. The generalized model (A-2-6 and A-2-7), A-3 model and A-1-b model demonstrated reliable prediction, suggesting their field applicability. The findings offer a practical framework for integrating SMT into road construction quality control, enhancing efficiency and decision-making. It is recommended that further research be conducted to establish SMT models for engineered road construction materials and other materials not tested in the study like silt and clays. As well as investigating SMT performance under varying humidity and temperature conditions