Mak IR Repository (Makerere University)
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Exploring stakeholders’ perspectives on traffic congestion in Kampala City
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Social Sector Planning and Management of Makerere UniversityKampala faces challenges in effectively managing traffic congestion due to rapid urbanization and increasing car ownership, posing significant challenges for road users and policymakers. This study investigated the views of key stakeholders in Kampala on the causes of traffic congestion within the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) and possible solutions. The study was guided by stakeholder theory and the theory of planned behavior. Using a descriptive research design, qualitative methods such as interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with various stakeholders, including policymakers, KCCA technical staff, private vehicle owners, cab and bus drivers, traffic police officers, Boda Boda cyclists, and public transport users. The data collection process primarily relied on structured interview guides to facilitate meaningful discussions with participants. The qualitative findings were analyzed using content analysis where research objectives were presented as sub-themes. Traffic congestion peaks during morning and afternoon rush hours from 5:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m., with weekend congestion generally lower. Stakeholders like KCCA and traffic authorities attribute traffic congestion to driver behavior, with violations like disregarding laws and distracted driving being common. Boda Boda riders emphasized the negative impact of risky driving behaviors, such as aggressive overtaking, on accidents, lane closures, and congestion. Political leaders emphasized the adverse impact of inadequate urban planning and deficient road infrastructure on traffic congestion in Kampala. The expansion of neighbouring towns, such as Mukono, Nansana, and Kiira, has added strain to Kampala's road network. Previous attempts to mitigate congestion through measures like bus park relocation and improving bus transit services faced challenges due to inadequate planning and opposition from vested interests. Disputes between the executive and elected officials have hampered effective traffic management and service delivery by the KCCA, exacerbating congestion issues. While some stakeholders commend elected leaders for their pro-poor policies, others criticise their failure to adequately address the needs of the average citizen, like traffic congestion in Kampala. Recommendations from the research advocate for the implementation of existing infrastructure development plans, such as the metropolitan plan, to ensure the provision of adequate road reserves and the establishment of a comprehensive public transport system in the Kampala metropolitan region
Secure Mobile Money Withdraw Framework -SEMWIF
No full textA thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology of Makerere UniversityMobile Money businesses operate a commission-agent business model, making it easy to scale up. However, Mobile Money business processes and technologies face several security concerns, including data misappropriation, weak authentication among others, which are particularly pressing in the context of rapid adoption of mobile payment technologies in African countries like Uganda. Globally Mobile Payment Systems were first seen in 1997 Helsinki Finland with SMS-Coke and they have evolved a lot since then. Mobile Payment Systems have issues like Money Laundering, Non-compliance, fraud, among others. Weak authentication in mobile money withdrawals result in financial loss and criminal money transfer. To this end, this study investigated the evolution of payment systems, highlighting the desired security requirements for Mobile Payment Systems. Also exploring the level of security awareness and practices among Mobile Money users in Uganda. Mobile Payment Systems are classified into six types; Mobile Wallets, Mobile Internet Payments, Mobile Contactless Payments, Mobile Direct Bank Transfers, SMS Premium Payments, and Mobile Direct Carrier Billing. Financial institutions have a lot of experience with handling money and as a result, financial technology companies have a lot to learn from the banking sector. This study adopted a Pragmatic Philosophical stand, Design Science as a methodology and Abduction as a research strategy. Pragmatism views knowledge as a tool for action and seeks to create useful knowledge. The study aimed to design a framework against withdraw transaction attacks in mobile payment systems, making Design Science an appropriate choice. The study adopted a mix-research approach using both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. To ensure a sound understanding of the issues, the study reviewed current literature, with 65% of the reviewed literature being less than 5 years old and from reputable sources like journals and peer-reviewed conference papers. Data collection methods used included document reviewing, key informant interviewing, and surveys. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The study's findings suggest that Mobile Money services face numerous security challenges, and practical solutions are needed to improve withdrawer authentication. The study results also show that a number of security concerns exist key among them include: data theft; transaction fabrication; weak authentication on funds withdraw; and lack of transaction confidentiality as the system relies on SMS technology among others. Heavy reliance on single-factor authentication (PIN), is Weaker authentication and the limited cybersecurity training for both agents and customers is breeding Mobile Money crime. The study finds that traditional financial intitutions use multi-factor athentication to mitigate money withdraw risks with customers– a lesson for mobile money service providers for the withdraw transactions.The study designed the Secure Mobile Money Withdraw Framework – SeMWiF, composed of the Detection Protocol, Prevention Protocol and Recovery Protocol. Results show that 66% of the respondents agreed that SeMWiF enhaces withdrawer authentication through multi-factor authentication with a 57% ease of rating. Stakeholders of mobile payment systems must take appropriate and continuous security measures like; cybersecurity research, training and certification of telecom staff and Mobile Money agents, civic education, Mechanisms for compliance, Regulator guidance on Strong Customer Authentication- SCA, encryption and security mechanisms such as used in SeMWiF. Should the Secure Mobile Money Withdraw Framework-SeMWiF guidelines be implemented, mobile money stakeholders will experience greater use from enhanced security and less financial loss
An analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks on solid waste management in Uganda: a case study of Kampala District
No full textA dissertation submitted to the School of Law in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Laws (LL. M) of Makerere UniversityThe management of solid waste has continued to raise concerns in Uganda, particularly in light of its impact to our environment and ultimately our health and well-being. The problem of poor solid waste management is particularly pronounced in urban areas like Kampala, where inadequate disposal systems, limited public awareness, and insufficient infrastructure have led to pollution, health hazards, and environmental degradation. This study sought to examine the environmental law principles relating to solid waste management. It further examined the legal and institutional frameworks on solid waste management in Uganda and the limitations which remain. It specifically examined the mechanisms used to enforce the solid waste management laws in Uganda with specific focus on Kampala and the challenges faced in the enforcement and the legal strategies to improve solid waste management in Uganda. The study adopted the doctrinal method and the qualitative research design. The researcher relied on the 1995 Constitution of Uganda as amended, relevant Acts, books, scholarly articles and reports. The researcher also conducted key informant interviews with personnel from the Ministry of Water and Environment, National Environment Management Authority, Kampala Capital City Authority, solid waste management companies, an environmental practitioner and a Local Council chairperson. The researcher also used the observation method by visiting the kiteezi landfill and different dumping sites in Kampala and observed how solid waste was managed there. The study found that there are a number of laws which are enforced through environmental planning, standard setting and licensing, monitoring and inspections, public awareness and participation. However, despite the existence of such laws, the solid waste management problem still persists. This is attributed to a number of factors which include; weakness in the law, corruption and poor leadership, limited resources, and lack of sensitization among others. The study proposes recommendations for improvement of solid waste management in Uganda especially Kampala District which can facilitate the transition to building a sustainable and liveable city. The recommendations include, enactment of specific law on solid waste management, recruitment of efficient and qualified personnel in the field of solid waste management, revision of existing laws on the subject, strengthening local government and community participation in solid waste management
Assessing the recovery of an African medium altitude tropical rain forest after selective logging using birds as indicators
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Masters of Science in Environment and Natural Resources of Makerere University, KampalaAlthough birds are regarded as useful indicators of revegetated habitats, no assessment had been conducted on the regenerated compartment of Budongo forest to investigate the recovery status of the management area. This study examined forest recovery from Budongo Central Forest Reserve in Uganda. The forest has compartments at different ages of regeneration since the halting of logging operations i.e., the 35-, 55-, 71- year old, and unlogged (reference) compartment. Specifically, the study assessed bird species composition, taxonomic and functional diversity, and investigated the influence of habitat characteristics on bird taxonomic and functional diversity. Data on birds were collected in 2018 and 2019 using 20 point-counts along each of five transects per compartment. Bird feeding traits were obtained from previous bird studies on Budongo Forest Reserve. Data on habitat characteristics were collected in 2018 in 7 m radius plots at the point count sites. Data analyses were then performed in the R software. Species composition differed among the compartments with the 71-year old compartment being more similar to the primary forest compared to the younger compartments. Overall, bird species abundance, richness and evenness were higher in younger than older and primary forest compartments. Bird functional diversity did not exhibit a consistent trend along the recovery age gradient highlighting their uniqueness from taxonomic diversity. Habitat characteristics explained the abundance and functional richness of birds as well as the community-weighted means of insectivores, frugivores, insectivore-granivores, frugivore-insectivores and raptors. The results show a general trend of recovery in terms of taxonomic composition and diversity, while functional diversity is indicative of how the unique characteristics of birds of different feeding traits respond to forest regrowth. The study recommends that in order to obtain a holistic view of restoration efforts, and design appropriate biodiversity management strategies, tropical forest managers need to incorporate diverse indicators of progress in monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Such frameworks also need to include habitat characteristics as they directly influence forest biodiversit
Parental conflicts and their impact on child welfare: a case study of Kira Municipality in Wakiso District
No full textA dissertation submitted for the award of a Master’s Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies at the Department of Religion and Peace Studies of Makerere UniversityConflict can sometimes be quite damaging when children witness adults who shout loudly argue a lot or perhaps ignore one another frequently or for long periods of time, it can have a negative impact on children’s self-esteem, mental and physical health, behavior and academic achievements and future relationships with others. This study explores the impacts of parental conflicts on child welfare a case study of Wakiso district. Research was conducted on 382 respondents comprising of men(50), women(225) and children(107) between ages 7-18 years. The study was conducted after the outbreak of the corona virus pandemic in 2019/2020 and the analysis revealed that parental conflicts increased during the pandemic compared to the previous year’s thus impacting the welfare of children. The results also revealed that association between parental conflict and child welfare is mediated by the parenting behavior of mothers and fathers indicating that increased parental conflicts hinder parenting mechanisms like communication among parents which ultimately affects the welfare of children. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods and it was a case study research design with a purposive sampling strategy. Questionnaires, interview guides documentary review guide tools were used, primary and secondary data methods were used during the study. Reducing parental conflict may be one of the most important ways of reducing child mental health problems, however, relationship difficulties are often seen as a private matter and couples tend to only seek help when they are in a physical crisis. As a result, it was discovered that parental conflicts remains a common conflict to the community and except for increasing knowledge, nothing has been done to prevent the conflicts from happening and where it has happened the response mechanisms are either weak or ineffective. Children who experience relationships which are positive and productive are more likely to feel more settled and have good social and emotional wellbeing than those that are brought up in unhealthy environment. Parental conflict increases stress on parents, which can result in the decreased use of effective parenting skills over time, with a resulting negative impact on the children. Therefore, Parents must realize how much children suffer when they are embroiled in parental battles and take steps to manage their anger responsibly, shield children from parental conflicts, and work cooperatively in each child’s best interest
Rape of men by women: an analysis of the law in Uganda
No full textA dissertation submitted to the School of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Laws of Makerere UniversityThis study is an exploration of the sufficiency of the existing international conventions and statutes in Uganda against rape that protect male victims from female perpetrators. It is a comparison of selected jurisdictions that have adopted the law of rape of men by women whose results have been applied to comprehend the sufficiency of rape law in Uganda based on which account lessons have been drawn to support the address of the underlying gender biases and to propose suggestions for improvement of rape law in Uganda. Four main research questions were explored, namely; i) to what extent are the international standards on rape sufficient in protecting men against rape by women?, ii) to what extent is Uganda’s legal framework against rape sufficient in protecting men against rape by women?, iii) how does Uganda’s legal framework against rape and rape laws in other jurisdictions compare in terms of sufficiency in protecting men against rape by women?, and iv) what lessons can be learned from other jurisdictions to benefit Uganda’s legal framework in protecting men against rape by women? The study submits that rape is an international crime that is not just growing but is also highly contested and without a joint legal definition. The process of its reporting in Uganda is victim blaming, shaming, humiliating, and with scarcity of support services. Yet, its prosecution is also genderised; men are always perceived as perpetrators, and never the victims. A combination of these factors compromises the men’s voice and their ability and willingness to testify once victimised. However, from a series of achievements from other jurisdictions that have embraced rape law reforms, this study concludes that there is still chance for male justice in Uganda. However, suggestively, this can only be achieved if Sections 110, 116 and 134 of the Penal Law of Uganda are revised and neutralised. It is until then that the masculinity myths and feminization could be overcome to meet the balanced aim of justice
Patterns and determinants of tree mortality under assisted natural regeneration in Kibale National Park, Uganda
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Science in Environment and Natural Resources of Makerere University.Tree mortality is significantly increasing in tropical forests which could jeopardize the efforts to restoration for sustainable forest management. However, there is limited knowledge of dynamics of tree mortality in restored tropical forests, particularly forests under assisted natural regeneration. This study examined the intrinsic drivers of tree mortality under assisted natural regeneration in Kibale National Park. Specifically, the study assessed successional dynamics of mortality rate and the influence of species characteristics and stand characteristics on tree mortality. Trees were measured for diameter, height and crown width in 63 plots (2000 m2 each) in a regenerated forest (16–22-year old) and 5 plots in an old‐growth forest in 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020, and their status (dead or alive) was also recorded over the same period. Species characteristics (successional guild, wood density, specific leaf area) were obtained from literature. Data were analyzed using regression models in R. The study revealed that tree mortality increases with the age of the regenerating forest. The assisted naturally regenerated forest attained the same rate of mortality as old growth and it significantly increased with forest age. On average, Mean diameter, height, crown width, wood density of dead trees among different species ranged from 5.2-80 cm, 2.40-19.06 m, 2.48-12.36 m, 0.23 -0.98 g/cm3, respectively. Mortality increased with diameter and wood density but declined with height, while crown width, specific leaf area and successional guild did not affect mortality. Forest dependent species showed lower mortality rates compared to open habitat species and forest nondependent species. Absolute mortality and exponential mortality declined with tree species richness and increased with basal area while exponential mortality and height heterogeneity were not significantly influenced by basal area in the assisted natural regenerated forest. This study has demonstrated that forest age and some, but not all, species and stand characteristics can influence tree mortality under assisted natural regeneration. It is important to strategically integrate these factors during assisted natural regeneration interventions in order to optimize the health and resilience of tropical forests. This study monitored an assisted naturally regenerated forest up to 25 years old. Future studies need to monitor tree mortality in older restoration sites to ascertain whether younger and older tropical forests show consistent mortality patterns
Assessing the efficiency of land sharing as an option to resolve land lord-tenant impasse on Mailo Land in Uganda
No full textA research project report submitted to the Graduate School in partial fulfillment for the award of Masters of Science In Land ManagementUganda's land tenure system has long been plagued by disputes between landlords and tenants, hindering agricultural productivity rural and urban development. Land sharing, an innovative option provided by the National Land Policy 2013 where landlords and tenants jointly own and manage land, has been proposed as a potential solution. This study evaluates the efficiency of land sharing in resolving the landlord-tenant impasse in Uganda, a case study of Wakiso District. Using a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, case studies, and stakeholder interviews, we assess the impact of land sharing on tenure security and conflict resolution. Our findings suggest that land sharing significantly reduces tenure insecurity, and resolves conflicts between landlords and tenants. However, challenges persist, including difficulty in finding willing landlords and tenants, the unclear legal framework on land sharing percentages, best practices of a successful land sharing arrangements and limited awareness of land sharing benefits. Policy recommendations include increasing awareness and education and strengthening legal frameworks to support this option. By addressing these challenges, land sharing can become a viable option for resolving the landlord-tenant impasse, promoting sustainable agricultural development, and enhancing rural and urban livelihoods in Uganda
Analysis of delayed payments to contractors in public construction projects: a case study of the construction of the Sembabule Community Justice Centre
No full textA project report submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Master of Science Degree in Construction Management of Makerere UniversityIn Uganda, delayed payments to contractors in public construction projects have been a common issue that affects the smooth execution and timely completion of such projects. This study analyzes these delayed payments to identify the factors contributing to the delayed payments and their effect on contractors in public construction projects using the construction of the Sembabule Community Justice Centre in Uganda as a case study. Through analyzing literature and project documents, the research identifies clients’ budget constraints, approval delays, delay in the valuation of work done, inaccuracies in contractors' claims, changes in policy of handling variations, and unforeseen circumstances like the COVID-19 pandemic as causes of delayed payments. These factors negatively affect the project timeline, and budget. The analysis also identifies the negative effects of delayed payments which include financial difficulties to the contractor, project delays, strained relationships with suppliers and workers, slow down and suspension of works, and loss of new opportunities. This research proposes remedies such as including contract provisions that allow contractors to receive extensions without penalty if payments are delayed, including contract provisions that specify the timeframe within which a project manager should approve the contractors’ submitted valuation of works done, contract flexibility to adapt to unforeseen circumstances with provisions for renegotiation of terms, and contractors providing all necessary accurate documentation for their claims. The findings of this research emphasize the importance of addressing delayed payments for effective public construction project management
Modelling the effect of operational interventions on hydraulic performance of a water distribution system under intermittent conditions
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering of Makerere UniversityOver 1.3 billion people globally rely on intermittent water supplies, a challenge worsened by rapid urbanization, climate change, and environmental pressures, highlighting the need to improve water supply systems to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6. A comprehensive framework for evaluating hydraulic performance in developing cities is essential to address the limitations of isolated performance indicators and enable equitable transitions from intermittent to continuous water supply. This study proposes a new graphical-numerical approach for assessing the hydraulic performance of water supply systems (WSS) under intermittent conditions, demonstrated using the Kapeeka WSS. Pressure-dependent (PDA) and demand-driven (DDA) analyses in EPANET revealed a rising TWS/TWD ratio leveling off as TWD increased. The Demand Satisfaction Index (DSI) post-extension in 2021 was 0.68, while system curves showed a maximum conveyance of 115.23 m³/h against a 217.76 m³/h demand, improving to 133.4 m³/h after strengthening. Despite these enhancements, 84% of nodes in 2041 had pressures below the required 5m head. The findings highlight that while unplanned network strengthening improves hydraulic capacity, it fails to eliminate intermittent behavior, underscoring the need for comprehensive hydraulic performance assessment during interventions of Water Distribution Network extensions and strengthening to ensure sustainable water supply management