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Foreign aid inflow, domestic savings, fungibility and economic growth in Uganda.
No full textA dissertation Submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics of Makerere University.Uganda set an ambitious economic growth target of 8.2% per annum in order to achieve middle income status by 2040. Domestic Savings target was set at 35% but it has stagnated at 16.7%, and revenue to GDP has remained below 12.5% compared to the target of 25%. These economic targets require very high economic growth to be achieved. Uganda has been receiving substantial foreign aid inflow, but its contribution to achieve these economic targets remain unclear. This study examines the effects of the increased foreign aid inflow on economic growth, gross domestic savings and assess whether fungibility occurred in Uganda. The empirical models are estimated using time series data for the period 1970- 2020 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. Cointegration and error-correction modelling catered for the short run and the long-run effects, consistent with growth models. The three empirical chapters focused on; investigating the relationship between foreign aid inflow and economic growth, foreign aid inflow and domestic savings, foreign aid inflow and fungibility in Uganda between 1970 and 2020.
Results show that foreign aid inflow significantly reduced economic growth in Uganda in the short run and long run. The domestic investment had positive and significant effect on growth in the short run, while exports increased growth in the short and long run. The democracy index for previous periods, and effective labour had a negatively effect on output in the short run. In the long-run, however, effective Labour force, exports, and democratic index was found to increase output in the long run. An increase in foreign aid inflow leads to a drop in domestic savings and crowds out domestic savings in the long run. This is evidence suggests that foreign aid displaced gross domestic savings in the long-run but did not crowd out private investment in Uganda. Aid fungibility results showed that private investment was not crowded out. There was a reduction in tax revenue which could be attributed to weaknesses in the institution capacity and high poverty levels, low tax base and weaknesses in the fiscal regulatory framework in Uganda to ensure the efficiency of tax collection.
These findings suggest that Uganda should promote strategies to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) since it was found to be the most important in complementing domestic savings to generate growth in the longrun. Interruption in aid flows resulted in economic volatility, which in turn reduced investment and led to a slowdown in economic growth
Acceptability of fecal sludge compost by farmers in Wakiso and Terego Districts, Uganda
No full textA thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for the award of the Degree of Master of Agribusiness Management of Makerere UniversityIn most parts of Africa, crop yields have been constrained by soil infertility, which has driven up the demand for soil amendments. Mineral and organic fertilizers which are commonly used, face the challenge of availability, management and cost. This has resulted in their decreased use amongst smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. In an effort to reverse this, the use of fecal sludge compost (FSC) in farms presents an opportunity as it contains vital nutrients and can produce crop yields comparable to those grown with conventional fertilizers. However, fecal sludge compost is a relatively new development and has controversial perceptions which may limit its use. The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability of fecal sludge compost by farming households. This study was done in Wakiso and Terego districts, located in central and North-Western Uganda respectively. Data were collected from a randomly selected sample of 734 farmers. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and technology adoption theory were adopted in this study to conceptualize it and identify the dependent and independent variables. Factor analysis was used to determine the acceptability of fecal sludge compost by farming households. Subsequently, structural equation modelling was used to show the different factors influencing acceptability. Study findings showed that the perceptions of the farmers were generally positive. Acceptability was high amongst both rural (77%) and urban (76%) farmers in Wakiso and the rural farmers in Terego (85%). Attitude, subjective norm, perceptions, household income, years spent in school and household size showed a direct significant influence on acceptability. The study recommends that attitudes of farmers be improved by carrying out awareness campaigns on the use of fecal sludge compost through farmer field schools and by engaging community leaders in the dissemination strategies of such technolog
School administrators’ experiences in using ICT innovations to enhance records management in selected government aided primary school in Rubaga Division, Uganda
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Education (Educational Management) of Makerere UniversityThe study sought to assess how the technological experiences of school administrators in using ICT innovations enhance records management in selected government-aided primary schools in Rubaga Division. The study was guided by three objectives which included; To explore the technological experience awareness of primary school administrators in using ICT innovations in records management within Rubaga Division. To explore the Primary school administrators experiences in handling data privacy while using of ICT innovations in records management within in Rubaga Division and to identify the suitable practices for the effective use of ICT innovations in records management within primary schools in Rubaga Division. Using a descriptive case study design, data were collected from 12 participants with the help of interviews, observation and document analysis. The study revealed that school administrators in the government-aided primary schools of Rubaga Division have some technological experiences which enables them manage school records. The study also found that there are a number of challenges affecting the primary school administrators’ usage of ICT innovations in records management. The study further established suitable practices for the effective usage of ICT innovations in records management. The researcher concluded that; the effective management of records calls for school administrators who are technologically well retooled. This can only be possible in an environment which nurtures passion for technology usage in records management. The environment in primary school was found less compatible to the effective usage of technology to manage records. The physical environment was lacking the basics to facilitate the school administrators’ usage of technology to manage records. The successful implementation of technology use in records management calls for a well laid policy frame work which was nonexistent. Therefore, the researcher recommended that; primary schools should be financed to acquire the basic and modern technological devices in records management. School administrators should be given opportunities for bench marking to get the practical touch on how technology is used in records management. Tax exemption on technology devices should be implemented to ease the acquisition of the necessary devices
Traditional Institutions and State Power: Culturalist Contestations in Buganda and Ankole
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctor of Philosophy degree of Makerere University.This thesis examines the decolonial potential of society-based campaigns seeking to preserve culture through the creation of kingdoms and skeletal kingdoms in contemporary Uganda. In two different regions of Buganda and Ankole, Uganda experienced two incidents that were seen as direct assaults on the cultures of the peoples of these places. In Buganda, violence broke
out in 2009 when the state prevented the Kabaka (king) from visiting a district in his kingdom. In Ankole, members of society erupted in anger when political authorities replaced a cow sculpture at the entrance of Mbarara city in 2019. Whereas the two conflicts are separated by a decade, I approach both as manifestations of nationalism from below at the heart of Uganda’s
history and politics. If the protests in Ankole and Buganda erupted in the name of culture, many Ugandan societies see in the creation of kingdoms and cultural institutions the most effective means of preserving culture. Whereas observers have identified some emancipatory potential in such society-based initiatives, this thesis argues that the campaigns for the creation
of kingdoms or skeletal kingdoms fuels the politicization of ethnic difference in the sense that they establish ancestry and cultural identity as the basis for political rights in a specific kingdom. In other words, culturalist contestations reproduce the colonial tribalist logic of governance. Such pro-kingdom society-based campaigns are derivative of the colonial fashioning of identity. Deploying an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the methods of historical, political and anthropological studies, the thesis overcomes the conceptual and methodological narrowness that defines the state-centric understanding of nationalism prevalent in African scholarship.Norhed, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Social Science Research Council (SSRC
Stakeholder analysis of evidence use in the design and implementation of programmes in Uganda’s refugee response
No full textA dissertation submitted to the College of Humanities and Social Sciences in partial fulfilment for the award of the Master of Development Studies Degree of Makerere UniversityThe use of evidence in the design and implementation of humanitarian programmes has become a topic of increasing importance in recent years, as organisations and practitioners strive to ensure that their interventions are effective, efficient, and responsive to the needs of affected populations (Ramalingam & Mitchell, 2022., Slim, 2024). However, the challenges of collecting reliable data in conflict-affected areas, as well as the complexities of navigating humanitarian funding and governance structures, have presented significant barriers to the integration of evidence-based approaches in the refugee response (Deb & Baudais, 2022., Kielwein, 2023). In the humanitarian sector, both globally and within the East African region, the effective use of evidence in planning and implementing interventions and programmes is widely acknowledged as crucial in improving the assistance provided to people affected by crisis (Khanpour et al, 2020., Kananura et al, 2027., Kielwein, 2023). The global humanitarian community generates a wealth of evidence, including academic and institutional research, programme evaluations, and situation updates periodically developed and curated by UNHCR, Reliefweb and other reputable sources, which holds the potential to guide decision-making and programme design for crisis-affected populations. However, there are significant challenges associated with effectively harnessing this evidence, specifically in programme design and implementation (Khalid et al, 2020). Similarly, the humanitarian sector in Uganda - under the coordination of the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) creates evidence through research reports, evaluation reports, needs assessments, situation analyses, meeting records, however, the uptake of these pieces of evidence is still relatively low (USAID & IRC, 2021)
On-farm and off-farm climate change adaptation strategies of households in Afgooye - Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia
No full textA dissertation submitted to the School of Forestry, Environmental, and Geographical Sciences in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Science in Environment and Natural Resources of Makerere UniversityClimate change adaptation continues to be the most significant strategy in responding to climate change impacts. The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of climate change adaptation among local communities in Somalia. The study used semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from 213 households which were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and chi-square test of association were used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicated that 84% of the households observed extreme weather events in the last 12 months. Occurrence of floods (87%) was the most experienced climate hazard while climate change impacts on households included loss of crops (81%) and damage to properties (76.5%). Crop diversification to include more resilience and weather-adapted crops (67.6%) was the most mentioned on-farm climate change adaptation strategy (67.6%). Chi-square tests showed that certain on-farm climate adaptation strategies were significantly associated with the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents: Better livestock management practices, including diversification of breeds, was mostly mentioned by women than men. Additionally, improving technology was more mentioned by women. The results show men mostly mentioned the use of pesticides. Resilient housing measures were mostly mentioned by respondents aged 36-50. Crop diversification was mostly mentioned by respondents above 50. Education level influenced strategies such as livestock management, while income level was associated with soil and water conservation and food storage and preservation strategies. Irrigation was mostly mentioned by respondents in the age category 18-35. Implementing resilient housing measures such as using climate-resistant materials, elevating structures, and relocating vulnerable properties was mostly mentioned by respondents who had earned between 201-300. Promoting food storage and preservation was mostly mentioned by respondents who had earned 50-100$. Promoting food storage and preservation was mostly mentioned by respondents with less than 4 members in household size. Improving technology was mostly mentioned by respondents who owned 3-5 acres. Most common off-farm climate change adaptation strategy included selling assets such as livestock (61.5%). Chi-square tests showed that certain off-farm climate adaptation strategies were significantly associated with the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents: Women mostly mentioned participating in petty business and receiving remittances and help from relatives. Education levels influenced strategies such as migration and relocation, taking up wage employment, and receiving remittances. They were mostly mentioned by those with primary-level education or no formal education. Selling assets such as livestock was mostly mentioned by women than men. Prayers were mostly mentioned by respondents in the age category above 50. The Receipt of remittances and help from relatives was mostly mentioned by respondents in the age category above 50 years. Support from others, particularly members of the community, was mostly mentioned by respondents above 50 years. Receipt of remittances and help from relatives was mostly mentioned by respondents who had not attended school. Diversification of income Sources was mostly mentioned by respondents who owned 3-5 acres of land. The study had limitations such as potential biases in self-reported data and limited area covered due to limited resources. These limited the extent to which the findings are generalizable. Raising awareness about climate change risks and improving information dissemination should be prioritized by governments and other stakeholders to enhance households' adaptive capacities. Additionally, income diversification, particularly focusing on off-farm income streams should be prioritized. Strengthening small enterprises and providing training opportunities for women and youth to engage in income-generating activities are crucial steps to reduce vulnerability and enhance adaptation to climate change
GIS-based service analysis for optimal planning of location of fire stations: case study of Kampala City
No full textA final year master project presented to the Department of Geomatics and Land Management in partial fulfilment for the award of MSc Geoinformation Science and Technology of Makerere UniversityDue to the growing population and the rapid economic development, Kampala city is undergoing rapid urbanization and there is a need for the growth of the fire department to ensure safety of people and their properties. This study involved carrying out a GIS-based service analysis for optimal planning of location of fire stations. The methodology involved collecting fire incident data for the period 2019-2023 from the Directorate of Fire and Rescues Services in Kampala. The fire incident data provided important information such as the nearest landmark, cause of the fire incident, level of damage, date of the incidents and time. The causes of the fire incidents were subject to frequency and percentage analysis. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and presented in percentages using charts. To analyse spatial distribution of fire incidents, nearest neighbor analysis was carried out followed by mapping of fire hot spot areas in Kampala. To obtain optimum location for new locations, first service area analysis for the existing fire station was carried out, this was followed by carrying out suitability analysis and finally location allocation to obtain the optimum location for new fire stations. The results revealed that majority of fire outbreaks in Kampala were discovered to be unknown constituting (48 % ), electric related faults constituted (41 % ) and Others causes such as arson, charcoal stove left unattended to, candle wax left unattended to, children playing with match box etc. constituted (about 11%). This implied that most efforts should be put in fire prevention by implementing measures such as establishing more fire stations rather than mitigation. Analysis of the spatial distribution of fire out breaks showed that fire out breaks area clustered throughout most parts of the city thus the whole city is prone to fire outbreaks. Service area analysis for the existing Clock tower fire station showed that Kampala City is not well covered by fire stations services. Therefore, there is a need to add more fire station in Kampala to provide timely response to fire out breaks. Suitability analysis combined with location allocation analysis resulted in proposing three new fire stations locations that will cover all parts of the city within 5-minutes 20 seconds response time which is recommended by international bodies like NFPA
Kenya's industrialisation and its implications for national security
No full textA research paper submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirement for the award of the Degree of Master of Defence in Security Studies of Makerere UniversityThis research paper examines Kenya’s industrialisation and its implications for national security with a view of making appropriate recommendations. The study is hinged on three objectives as follows; to analyse the strategies and policies that Kenya has put in place to promote industrialisation in Kenya, to determine the challenges of industrialisation in Kenya and to draw an assessment of the implications of industrialisation to national security in Kenya. The study is based on Modernisation and dependency theory. The theories explain the process of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. The theories justify the underdevelopment of countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America attributed to the traditional values and economic barriers that held them back. The theories further indicates that in order to develop, these countries need to adopt the development path of the West, including their cultural values, intensive use of technology and embracing industrialisation. The study seeks to contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between industrialization and national security and to inform policy decisions aimed at promoting sustainable and inclusive industrialization in Kenya and other developing countries. It is assumed that the strategies and policies put in place by the Kenyan government to promote industrialization have a significant impact on the socioeconomic development of the country and that the policies can be evaluated and improved based on their effectiveness in achieving desired outcomes. The study relied mainly on secondary data sources. The study explores the period from 1963 to 2024
Relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty among Uganda’s telecommunication companies
No full textA research report submitted to the College of Business and Management Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Master of Business Administration of Makerere UniversityThe study purposely investigated the relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer loyalty among Uganda’s telecommunication companies.
The study was premised on three objectives; to examine the different CSR activities carried out by MTN Uganda, to investigate the components of customer Loyalty and to establish the relationship between CSR and customer loyalty at MTN Uganda.
The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. An interview guide and questionnaires were the main tools to use in data collection, which combined qualitative and quantitative techniques, respectively. In this study, the population was comprised of staff and customers of MTN Uganda.
The study found that CSR activities are most impactful in educational initiatives, with a high mean score of 4.38, and environmental conservation, scoring 4.27. Additionally, technology access programs receive strong positive feedback with a mean score of 4.29. In contrast, health-related CSR programs are less effective, showing a much lower score of 2.53, indicating an area that requires significant improvement. The study found that customer loyalty is notably high in the willingness to remain with MTN Uganda despite lower competitor prices, with an exceptional mean score of 4.92. However, trust in the brand and overall service satisfaction are areas of concern, with low scores of 2.35 and 2.20, respectively. Furthermore, the study found that CSR activities significantly enhance customer perceptions, with a high mean score of 4.17 for the value added by CSR initiatives and a strong trust in the brand due to transparent CSR efforts, scoring 3.87. Nonetheless, CSR’s influence on choosing an organization over competitors is less pronounced, with a mean score of 2.12, and its effect on overall satisfaction and loyalty shows moderate scores of 3.19 and 3.23, respectively. Therefore, the study recommends that to improve MTN Uganda's CSR efforts and customer loyalty, the company should focus on several key areas.
The study concludes that MTN Uganda’s CSR initiatives, particularly in education, environmental conservation, and technology access, are well-received and effectively foster customer loyalty. However, there is a clear need to enhance health-related programs, as their impact is currently perceived as limited.
Future research is needed for broader research across the whole telecommunications sector to better understand the impact of CSR on customer loyalty, including comparative studies in different regions and longitudinal analyses to assess changes over tim
Sexual harassment, self -esteem and depression among seed secondary school adolescents in Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District
No full textA dissertation submitted to the School of Psychology in partial fulfillment for the award of a Master of Education in Educational Psychology of Makerere UniversityThe study investigated the relationship between sexual harassment, self-esteem, and depression among Seed Secondary School adolescents in Nansana Municipality. It was guided by four objectives: to determine the relationship between sexual harassment and depression; sexual harassment and self-esteem; self-esteem and depression; and the mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between sexual harassment and depression. A quantitative study employed a self-administered questionnaire using a correlation survey design, purposive sampling, simple random sampling, and systematic random sampling techniques. A total sample of 310 (155 females and 155 males) advanced level students participated in the study. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 27. The hypotheses, 1,2 and 3 were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) and Haye’s Process Macro Linear Regression analysis tested the fourth hypothesis.
Results revealed a statistically non-significant relationship between SH and D (r = -.218, p = .000 < .05), There was no significant relationship between SH and SE (r = .036, p = .532) and between SE and D (r = .038, p = .504). The mediation hypothesis, which proposed that SE mediates the relationship between SH and D, was not supported by the data. Therefore, the researcher concludes that there may be underlying factors causing this scenario. The researcher recommends another qualitative study to explore adolescents' subjective experiences of sexual harassment. Understanding these experiences can inform targeted support strategies within school settings. Additionally, it is recommended to investigate the intersectionality of sexual harassment with other forms of discrimination (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status) to elucidate how multiple stressors interact to influence mental health outcomes among adolescents in schools