Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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„Mowa obrończa” metodologii archeologów Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Full text linkThis text contains an interpretation of the intellectual activity of methodologists of archaeology from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The idea they implement is – in my opinion – a way of thinking: from an object to thinking about an object, addressed both to archaeologists who are not convinced of methodology and to representatives of cultural archeology, in order to finally signal their contribution to integrated humanities. I tried to highlight the effects of this activity in such a way that its real benefits for each of the recipients mentioned were visible.This text contains an interpretation of the intellectual activity of methodologists of archaeology from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The idea they implement is – in my opinion – a way of thinking: from an object to thinking about an object, addressed both to archaeologists who are not convinced of methodology and to representatives of cultural archeology, in order to finally signal their contribution to integrated humanities. I tried to highlight the effects of this activity in such a way that its real benefits for each of the recipients mentioned were visible
Zastosowanie analizy korespondencji do klasyfikacji materiałów z późnej epoki brązu na przykładzie obiektów funeralnych z Polski południowo-wschodniej
Full text linkIt is truism to say that for an archaeologist the question of chronology is particularly important. In relation to Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture, this topic was frequently raised, which in the case of its early and late stages gave satisfactory results. There are numerous determinants of these phases, and they can also be divided into smaller periodical stages. The dynamics of change is well understood. However,p hase II is far more problematic. Basically, it is represented by one type of vessel. In addition, the 150–200 year phase is very compact in terms of inventory and it is almost impossible to identify older or younger materials. The problem of its decline also needs to be emphasized, where when treated through the prism of the San River style as it usually is, it should be prolonged to HaD. The author, using the correspondence board, tries to indicate materials which can be related to the older and younger episode of the second phase of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture.It is truism to say that for an archaeologist the question of chronology is particularly important. In relation to Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture, this topic was frequently raised, which in the case of its early and late stages gave satisfactory results. There are numerous determinants of these phases, and they can also be divided into smaller periodical stages. The dynamics of change is well understood. However,p hase II is far more problematic. Basically, it is represented by one type of vessel. In addition, the 150–200 year phase is very compact in terms of inventory and it is almost impossible to identify older or younger materials. The problem of its decline also needs to be emphasized, where when treated through the prism of the San River style as it usually is, it should be prolonged to HaD. The author, using the correspondence board, tries to indicate materials which can be related to the older and younger episode of the second phase of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture
Wino i technologia produkcji win w Gallii Narbonensis w II w. p.n.e. – II w. n.e.
Full text linkThe article describes the process of making wine in antiquity and tools used for it. It presents wine production in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis based on historical and archaeological sources.The article describes the process of making wine in antiquity and tools used for it. It presents wine production in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis based on historical and archaeological sources
Kwestia chronologii, typologii i pochodzenia szklanej biżuterii z wczesnośredniowiecznego ośrodka grodowego w Gnieźnie
Full text linkThe study presents 175 artefacts from the settlement center in Gniezno – beads and rings. The materials come from settlement levels from around the mid-10th to the 13th centuries. The latest chronological findings based on 14C dating have made it possible to refine the dating, especially of the early settlement levels of the stronghold, where the vast majority of glass artefacts come from. Threeba sic groups of beads have been distinguished based on the technique of their production – beads made of a drawing a tube, the technique of winding a glass strip, as well as casting and sintering. The results of 7 physico-chemical analyzes of the glass composition (performed with the X-Ray Fluorescence, XRF method) are presented. Physicochemical analyzes of the chemical composition of the tested beads made it possible to determine the technological group and the type of glass. An attempt was made to explain the origin of the starting material (glass) for jewelery. A comparative analysis made it possible to indicate in a general manner possible manufacturers and to outline the likely directions of the influx of these glass ornaments to Gniezno.The study presents 175 artefacts from the settlement center in Gniezno – beads and rings. The materials come from settlement levels from around the mid-10th to the 13th centuries. The latest chronological findings based on 14C dating have made it possible to refine the dating, especially of the early settlement levels of the stronghold, where the vast majority of glass artefacts come from. Threeba sic groups of beads have been distinguished based on the technique of their production – beads made of a drawing a tube, the technique of winding a glass strip, as well as casting and sintering. The results of 7 physico-chemical analyzes of the glass composition (performed with the X-Ray Fluorescence, XRF method) are presented. Physicochemical analyzes of the chemical composition of the tested beads made it possible to determine the technological group and the type of glass. An attempt was made to explain the origin of the starting material (glass) for jewelery. A comparative analysis made it possible to indicate in a general manner possible manufacturers and to outline the likely directions of the influx of these glass ornaments to Gniezno
Rotunda na Kopcu Krakusa?
Full text linkThe paper focuses on the question of a mysterious building on the top of Krakus burial mound (Cracow, Poland) which was documented on some engravings from the late 16th and 17th century presenting panoramas of the city of Cracow (Matthäus Merian, 1617; and Eric Dahlberg, 1655). On the Swedish map from 1702 the top of the mound is already empty. The hypothesis is that probably a small Romanesque rotunda stood there. The facility established over a big burial mound resembles the case of St. Nicholas (Sv. Nikola) church in Nin (Croatia) which is an early Romanesque rotunda (triconchos) rom ca. 1100 AD which stands till today on the top of a prehistoric mound. In Cracow excavation done on Krakus mound in 30ties eventually revealed a negative of destroyed foundations od the rotunda, which remained uninterpreted.The paper focuses on the question of a mysterious building on the top of Krakus burial mound (Cracow, Poland) which was documented on some engravings from the late 16th and 17th century presenting panoramas of the city of Cracow (Matthäus Merian, 1617; and Eric Dahlberg, 1655). On the Swedish map from 1702 the top of the mound is already empty. The hypothesis is that probably a small Romanesque rotunda stood there. The facility established over a big burial mound resembles the case of St. Nicholas (Sv. Nikola) church in Nin (Croatia) which is an early Romanesque rotunda (triconchos) rom ca. 1100 AD which stands till today on the top of a prehistoric mound. In Cracow excavation done on Krakus mound in 30ties eventually revealed a negative of destroyed foundations od the rotunda, which remained uninterpreted
W poszukiwaniu początków oraz prób zrozumienia „zachowań symbolicznych”. Zarys problematyki
Full text linkIn academic literature there is a whole range of hypotheses relating to the genesis of the symbolic behavior, which are usually also associated with the beginnings of the development of spirituality. In the nineteenth century, the considerations conducted in this area were often influenced by negative stereotypes (relating, among others, to hunter-gatherers), which were later deconstructed. Although the discussion on this subject has been ongoing since the nineteenth century, even in the light of research and achievements of the modern science, the problem of the origins of symbolic behavior has still not been unequivocally resolved. However, it is assumed that they should be attributed primarily to the changes that were initiated in our ancestors from the Homo Sapiens family. In recent years, however, some ethologists and primatologists believe that the genesis of symbolic behavior should be sought in the animal world. I devote my article to this diversified subject matter.In academic literature there is a whole range of hypotheses relating to the genesis of the symbolic behavior, which are usually also associated with the beginnings of the development of spirituality. In the nineteenth century, the considerations conducted in this area were often influenced by negative stereotypes (relating, among others, to hunter-gatherers), which were later deconstructed. Although the discussion on this subject has been ongoing since the nineteenth century, even in the light of research and achievements of the modern science, the problem of the origins of symbolic behavior has still not been unequivocally resolved. However, it is assumed that they should be attributed primarily to the changes that were initiated in our ancestors from the Homo Sapiens family. In recent years, however, some ethologists and primatologists believe that the genesis of symbolic behavior should be sought in the animal world. I devote my article to this diversified subject matter
Grody wieloczłonowe, zalążki miast, Seehandelsplätze, miejsca centralne u ujścia Odry w X–XII wieku? – synonimy czy problem definicyjny?
Full text linkDyskusja na temat definicji „miejskości” grodów w średniowieczu na ziemiach słowiańskich ma długą tradycję. Już we wczesnym średniowieczu mamy do czynienia z tzw. „zalążkami miast”, centrami wielofunkcyjnymi pełniącymi funkcję miast i grodami miejskimi, jak również z licznymi mniejszymi grodami, którym ciężko przypisywać rolę pierwszych miast. Modele zachodnioeuropejskich miast i ich procesów urbanizacyjnych są trudne do porównania ze wspomnianymi formami osadniczymi, jeśli w analizie staramy się podkreślać postrzymskie, zachodnioeuropejskie rozumienie miast, bez podejścia funkcjonalnego, skoncentrowanego na rzeczywistej roli danych ośrodków w swoim regionie, uzyskujemy obraz, gdzie nie ma żadnych miast, a z punktu widzenia archeologii. Pojawiły się liczne koncepcje na temat definiowania różnych stadiów rozwoju grodów, ale brakuje prób uporządkowania obecnie spotykanej terminologii, bo krótko mówiąc, „gród grodowi nierówny”. Bardzo dobrze to widać u ujścia Odry, gdzie mamy nie tylko terminologię wypracowaną przez polskich badaczy, ale również liczne terminy wykorzystywane w niemieckiej i skandynawskiej archeologii (tj. Burgstadt, Seehandelsplaz, emporium itd.). Celem tego artykułu jest podsumowanie i próba korelacji lub rozróżnienia w zależności od charakterystyki obecnie wykorzystywanych terminów dotyczących grodów z północno-zachodnich ziem polskich w okresie od X do XII w. (okresu przedlokacyjnego), celem uporządkowania postulowanych stadiów rozwoju i form grodów, z jakimi mają do czynienia archeolodzy, na przykładzie Pomorza Zachodniego
Endokanibalizm – rytualny posiłek jako element kultu przodków
Full text linkThis article presents the hypothesis concerning the practicing of ritual eating of dead bodies of family members by people of Wielbark culture in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) in the Roman Period. Such practices are called as endocannibalism and this custom is connected very closely with ancestors’ worship. It is an expression of love to a dead family member and an attempt of assimilating his best features. Such a possibility is suggested by archaeological discoveries made at Wielbark culture cemeteries in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland). Endocannibalism was noticed in the past, but is also recorded in modern times.This article presents the hypothesis concerning the practicing of ritual eating of dead bodies of family members by people of Wielbark culture in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) in the Roman Period. Such practices are called as endocannibalism and this custom is connected very closely with ancestors’ worship. It is an expression of love to a dead family member and an attempt of assimilating his best features. Such a possibility is suggested by archaeological discoveries made at Wielbark culture cemeteries in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland). Endocannibalism was noticed in the past, but is also recorded in modern times
Studnia – szczególny obiekt w przestrzeni stanowiska archeologicznego. Wprowadzenie do problematyki badawczej
Full text linkA significant increase in the amount of materials obtained from the recent large area excavations resulted in numerous finds of wells. For years, these unique archaeological features were not treated as a separate research problem. In order to obtain the fullest research results, an increasing interdisciplinarity involving different fields of science is applied to the studies on wells nowadays. Constructions made of organic raw materials are extremely rare in the space of a typical archaeological site and they are also extremely important sources for gaining knowledge about particular settlements. Wells are accompanied by a certain range of features related to the use of water intake and located in its immediate vicinity. These discoveries allow for extremely interesting interpretations of the functional connections between individual complexes of this type. Functions of wells are an issue that is inextricably linked to the location of such complexes in the settlement’s space. Another aspect related to studies of these features is their extremely rich symbolism. Wells are special archaeological features. Their uniqueness places them among the most interesting objects studied by archaeologists.A significant increase in the amount of materials obtained from the recent large area excavations resulted in numerous finds of wells. For years, these unique archaeological features were not treated as a separate research problem. In order to obtain the fullest research results, an increasing interdisciplinarity involving different fields of science is applied to the studies on wells nowadays. Constructions made of organic raw materials are extremely rare in the space of a typical archaeological site and they are also extremely important sources for gaining knowledge about particular settlements. Wells are accompanied by a certain range of features related to the use of water intake and located in its immediate vicinity. These discoveries allow for extremely interesting interpretations of the functional connections between individual complexes of this type. Functions of wells are an issue that is inextricably linked to the location of such complexes in the settlement’s space. Another aspect related to studies of these features is their extremely rich symbolism. Wells are special archaeological features. Their uniqueness places them among the most interesting objects studied by archaeologists.
 
Studia nad domieszką mineralną w ceramice naczyniowej kultury amfor kulistych z terenu Kujaw
Full text linkThis article relates to the question, „what exactly is a mineral admixture in Globular Amphora Culture?”. My studies prove that only the granites fulfill the criteria. I designed the experiment. One of the goals was to examine which stone is the easiest to process. It was a rapakivi granite. Its minerals are pink or grey after processing. The admixture found in GAC ceramics has the same color and the same size of minerals. There was another type of admixture which was not recognizable.This article relates to the question, „what exactly is a mineral admixture in Globular Amphora Culture?”. My studies prove that only the granites fulfill the criteria. I designed the experiment. One of the goals was to examine which stone is the easiest to process. It was a rapakivi granite. Its minerals are pink or grey after processing. The admixture found in GAC ceramics has the same color and the same size of minerals. There was another type of admixture which was not recognizable