Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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Metodologia archeologii/prahistorii profesora dr. hab. Jana Żaka (1923–1990) po 30 latach. Między modernistycznymi dążeniami a postmodernistyczną rzeczywistością
Full text linkJanuary 4, 2020 was the 30th anniversary of the death of Professor Jan Żak, who died prematurely at the age of 67. His work and scientific activities were known and appreciated in various countries and during difficult times when he was professionally involved in archeology. The biography of Professor Jan Żak resulted largely from the spirit of the times in which he lived, but also from his open, curious personality. He touched the warfare, and his professional life took place in the realities of the People\u27s Republic of Poland; he also witnessed its dramatic end. The aim of this article is not only to recall the methodological and theoretical foundations of J. Żak\u27s scientific work, but also to try to answer the question about the contemporary methodology of archeology, practiced by the Professor\u27s students and subsequent generations.January 4, 2020 was the 30th anniversary of the death of Professor Jan Żak, who died prematurely at the age of 67. His work and scientific activities were known and appreciated in various countries and during difficult times when he was professionally involved in archeology. The biography of Professor Jan Żak resulted largely from the spirit of the times in which he lived, but also from his open, curious personality. He touched the warfare, and his professional life took place in the realities of the People\u27s Republic of Poland; he also witnessed its dramatic end. The aim of this article is not only to recall the methodological and theoretical foundations of J. Żak\u27s scientific work, but also to try to answer the question about the contemporary methodology of archeology, practiced by the Professor\u27s students and subsequent generations
Biada zwyciężonym – gospodarka i relacje społeczne w kulturze lateńskiej
Full text linkThe economy of any community depends on the values which are considered to be the most important. Social organization and technologies are subordinated to their implementation. In traditional societies, including people of the La Tène culture, the most significant issues concerned the status of individuals and the resulting interpersonal relations. The position in rank was manifested and gained through participation in military expeditions. The economy was subordinated to military action. Nonetheless, new technologies and financial solutions created opportunities for military success. This, however, has its price in enormous social inequalities and almost permanent war.The economy of any community depends on the values which are considered to be the most important. Social organization and technologies are subordinated to their implementation. In traditional societies, including people of the La Tène culture, the most significant issues concerned the status of individuals and the resulting interpersonal relations. The position in rank was manifested and gained through participation in military expeditions. The economy was subordinated to military action. Nonetheless, new technologies and financial solutions created opportunities for military success. This, however, has its price in enormous social inequalities and almost permanent war.
 
Przedstawienia grzybów psychoaktywnych w ewidencji archeologicznej i ich interpretacje
Full text linkThere has been a debate regarding substances that cause altered states of consciousness (especially those of a psychedelic nature) that have been intrinsically linked to man since the dawn of time. The question of the beginning of the crystallization of human consciousness intrigues today’s researchers. American writer and ethnobotanist Terence McKenna tangled with such ideas, indeed one of his thoughts contributes to many controversial opinions and theories presented in this work. The stoned ape theory considers psilocybin, the active substance of entheogenic mushrooms, as an element that played an important role in the process of human evolution and contributed to the acceleration of human consciousness. The author of a title theory believes that psychoactive mushrooms, which might have been components of our ancestors’ diet, could also contributed to the development of language and religion. In this paper, an attempt will be made to subject the title theory to criticism with particular discussion of archaeological evidence.There has been a debate regarding substances that cause altered states of consciousness (especially those of a psychedelic nature) that have been intrinsically linked to man since the dawn of time. The question of the beginning of the crystallization of human consciousness intrigues today’s researchers. American writer and ethnobotanist Terence McKenna tangled with such ideas, indeed one of his thoughts contributes to many controversial opinions and theories presented in this work. The stoned ape theory considers psilocybin, the active substance of entheogenic mushrooms, as an element that played an important role in the process of human evolution and contributed to the acceleration of human consciousness. The author of a title theory believes that psychoactive mushrooms, which might have been components of our ancestors’ diet, could also contributed to the development of language and religion. In this paper, an attempt will be made to subject the title theory to criticism with particular discussion of archaeological evidence
Rola południowej Galii w produkcji i handlu winem w VI w. p.n.e. – II w. n.e. na tle przemian politycznych w zachodniej części Morza Śródziemnego
Full text linkThe article describes the role of southern Gaul in the production and trade of wine, with particular consideration for the Gauloise flat-bottomed amphorae produced in this area. It provides a brief outline of the history of this area of Mediterranean basin, shaped by the political and economic activities of several Mediterranean peoples – Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Etruscans and Romans. It discusses the types of archaeological sites where the remains of amphorae for Gallic wine were discovered, exemplary stamps characteristic of southern Gaul and the influence of the Romans on the emergence and development of the culture of producing and consuming wine in southern GaulThe article describes the role of southern Gaul in the production and trade of wine, with particular consideration for the Gauloise flat-bottomed amphorae produced in this area. It provides a brief outline of the history of this area of Mediterranean basin, shaped by the political and economic activities of several Mediterranean peoples – Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Etruscans and Romans. It discusses the types of archaeological sites where the remains of amphorae for Gallic wine were discovered, exemplary stamps characteristic of southern Gaul and the influence of the Romans on the emergence and development of the culture of producing and consuming wine in southern Gau
Obozowisko łowieckie ludności kultury świderskiej na stanowisku Sulejówek 4, pow. miński, woj. mazowieckie
Full text linkThe paper presents results of an analysis of the assemblage of flint artefacts from the site no. 6 in Sulejówek, Mazovian Voivodeship. The main attention was focused on technological and typological observations. Based on the obtained results, these materials were interpreted as a remnant of a medium-sized hunting camp of the Swiderian community. An important feature of the inventory is the extremely high proportion of relics made of chocolate flint, which was imported from about 150 km.The paper presents results of an analysis of the assemblage of flint artefacts from the site no. 6 in Sulejówek, Mazovian Voivodeship. The main attention was focused on technological and typological observations. Based on the obtained results, these materials were interpreted as a remnant of a medium-sized hunting camp of the Swiderian community. An important feature of the inventory is the extremely high proportion of relics made of chocolate flint, which was imported from about 150 km
The attitudes of the contemporary Poles towards the archaeological past
Full text linkThis paper aims to present how the past is viewed in contemporary cultural and social narratives, and defines contemporary attitude to the past among Poles. My deliberations are placed in the context of the present-day society/culture and their constituting processes, namely the phenomenon of forgetting the past, democratization of the past, its privatization/individualization, commodification of the past and new ways of experiencing it. The paper will specifically concentrate on the archaeological past - that is the past created by archaeologists, and on archaeological heritage. It address three crucial issues, namely: (1) how changes in the historical context of post-1989 Poland influenced the emergence the renaissance of the past and different narratives about it; (2) what are the most important and widespread forms of presenting and/or experiencing the archaeological past in the present?, and (3) what are the main motivations that lie behind contemporary Poles interest in the past, archaeological heritage and activities undertaken around it? Finally, it is argued that the changes in the people’s attitudes towards the past have led also to a transformation in the hierarchy of aims and methods in education and dissemination of the knowledge about the past within institutions concerned with the past on a professional level.This paper aims to present how the past is viewed in contemporary cultural and social narratives, and defines contemporary attitude to the past among Poles. My deliberations are placed in the context of the present-day society/culture and their constituting processes, namely the phenomenon of forgetting the past, democratization of the past, its privatization/individualization, commodification of the past and new ways of experiencing it. The paper will specifically concentrate on the archaeological past - that is the past created by archaeologists, and on archaeological heritage. It address three crucial issues, namely: (1) how changes in the historical context of post-1989 Poland influenced the emergence the renaissance of the past and different narratives about it; (2) what are the most important and widespread forms of presenting and/or experiencing the archaeological past in the present?, and (3) what are the main motivations that lie behind contemporary Poles interest in the past, archaeological heritage and activities undertaken around it? Finally, it is argued that the changes in the people’s attitudes towards the past have led also to a transformation in the hierarchy of aims and methods in education and dissemination of the knowledge about the past within institutions concerned with the past on a professional level
Wczesnośredniowieczne grodzisko w Dusinie, pow. gostyński, woj. wielkopolskie w świetle ponownej analizy archeologicznej
Full text linkThe article presents the results of another archaeological analysis carried out on materials from an early medieval settlement in Dusina in southern Greater Poland. The data obtained during the excavations, during the millennium research, prompted the recognition of the settlement as the oldest motte-type object in Poland. During the verification of the old findings, the ceramic material and the stratigraphic situation were re-analyzed, radiocarbon dating was made, and historical and cartographic data were used to confirm the chronology of the stronghold as well as the course of events that led to severe damage and disturbance of the original appearance of the stronghold. A contour plan and a model of the terrain were also prepared.The article presents the results of another archaeological analysis carried out on materials from an early medieval settlement in Dusina in southern Greater Poland. The data obtained during the excavations, during the millennium research, prompted the recognition of the settlement as the oldest motte-type object in Poland. During the verification of the old findings, the ceramic material and the stratigraphic situation were re-analyzed, radiocarbon dating was made, and historical and cartographic data were used to confirm the chronology of the stronghold as well as the course of events that led to severe damage and disturbance of the original appearance of the stronghold. A contour plan and a model of the terrain were also prepared
Próba interpretacji zjawiska rytualnego składania ofiar z ludzi na Słowiańszczyźnie Zachodniej
Full text linkThe subject matter of the article concerns on ritual sacrificial practices related to human sacrifices among the Western Slavs, including the Polish lands and the Polabia region. The chronological range covers the early Middle Ages, from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Considerations on this subject include the review of anthropological and philosophical disciplines research including R. Girard studies in this aspect, an analysis of written sources, and above all the analysis of the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites from an archaeological perspective. The aim of the study was to identify archaeological remains related to sacrificial rituals by presenting the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites at selected archaeological sites. The study aims to discuss the issues with interpretations of various aspects of the human sacrifices from the early medival Western Slavdom territory sites. The work is interdisciplinary, as it takes into account and integrates the results of archaeological research, knowledge in the field of history, philosophy and cultural anthropology. The article presents the effectiveness of interdisciplinary methods in expanding analytical and interpretative possibilities of archeology regarding the rituals of sacrifice and sacrificial sites.The subject matter of the article concerns on ritual sacrificial practices related to human sacrifices among the Western Slavs, including the Polish lands and the Polabia region. The chronological range covers the early Middle Ages, from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Considerations on this subject include the review of anthropological and philosophical disciplines research including R. Girard studies in this aspect, an analysis of written sources, and above all the analysis of the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites from an archaeological perspective. The aim of the study was to identify archaeological remains related to sacrificial rituals by presenting the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites at selected archaeological sites. The study aims to discuss the issues with interpretations of various aspects of the human sacrifices from the early medival Western Slavdom territory sites. The work is interdisciplinary, as it takes into account and integrates the results of archaeological research, knowledge in the field of history, philosophy and cultural anthropology. The article presents the effectiveness of interdisciplinary methods in expanding analytical and interpretative possibilities of archeology regarding the rituals of sacrifice and sacrificial sites
Were the oasis-cities of the southern branch of the Silk Road in Tarim Basin, China, dispersed urban complexes?
Full text linkThis article reinterprets the urban pattern of the oases of southern Tarim Basin, which flourished in the first half of the first millennium C.E. using the dispersed urban complexes framework. Disperse urban centre, also known as a low-density urban complex, is a site that had an urban function, but its morphology was much different from compact cities of, for example, China or mediaeval Europe. Low-density urban complexes, like Tikal in Mesoamerica or Angkor in South-East Asia, despite their distinct urban functions, had the cityscape consisting of intermingled monumental agriculture, water management features and agricultural field. Thus, the oasis-cities of southern Tarim Basin were different from compact urban centres of neighbouring China and western Central Asia and showed some similarities to complexes like Tikal and Angkor. This article evaluates if those sites can be associated with low-density urbanism. Three selected sites, 尼雅 [Niya], 米兰 [Miran] and 樓蘭 [Loulan], have been evaluated for the presence of characteristic associated with low-density urbanism: dispersed monumental architecture, large scale anthropogenic landscapes modifications, and pattern of alternating housing clusters and agricultural fields. This can affect our understating of both the understanding of urbanism in the region and low-density urbanism on the global scale.This article reinterprets the urban pattern of the oases of southern Tarim Basin, which flourished in the first half of the first millennium C.E. using the dispersed urban complexes framework. Disperse urban centre, also known as a low-density urban complex, is a site that had an urban function, but its morphology was much different from compact cities of, for example, China or mediaeval Europe. Low-density urban complexes, like Tikal in Mesoamerica or Angkor in South-East Asia, despite their distinct urban functions, had the cityscape consisting of intermingled monumental agriculture, water management features and agricultural field. Thus, the oasis-cities of southern Tarim Basin were different from compact urban centres of neighbouring China and western Central Asia and showed some similarities to complexes like Tikal and Angkor. This article evaluates if those sites can be associated with low-density urbanism. Three selected sites, 尼雅 [Niya], 米兰 [Miran] and 樓蘭 [Loulan], have been evaluated for the presence of characteristic associated with low-density urbanism: dispersed monumental architecture, large scale anthropogenic landscapes modifications, and pattern of alternating housing clusters and agricultural fields. This can affect our understating of both the understanding of urbanism in the region and low-density urbanism on the global scale
Dyskursywizm archeologii według Henryka Mamzera: ograniczenia orientacji konstruktywistycznej a mit etniczny w archeologii
Full text linkHenryk Mamzer’s conception is an interesting new contribution to the development of socalled constructivist approaches in archaeology. As such it is a good example of the basic assumptions underlying its theory and methodology. In this article I will argue with some basic assumptions of Mamzer’s theory, trying to show that constructivism doesn’t rescue archaeology from the problems, which he would like to avoid. In fact, it deals with the same problems.Henryk Mamzer’s conception is an interesting new contribution to the development of socalled constructivist approaches in archaeology. As such it is a good example of the basic assumptions underlying its theory and methodology. In this article I will argue with some basic assumptions of Mamzer’s theory, trying to show that constructivism doesn’t rescue archaeology from the problems, which he would like to avoid. In fact, it deals with the same problems