Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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Pamiętać, upamiętniać, wspominać - nasz obowiązek wobec pokoleń minionych i przyszłych
Full text linkJubilees and anniversaries usually are the reason to look back, at times and events, but also at people, predecessors of what we are now a part of. It should not surprise then that while in 2019 the Adam Mickiewicz University celebrated its centenary, several new ideas emerged to commemorate previous generations of University people. The Archaeology Faculty of AMU, being of the same age, also incorporated a few ones, including jubilee editions, conferences, and displays. One of the ideas that appeared at that time was to commemorate, in form of exhibitions, some particular alumni, who devoted their lives to archaeology and the University. There have been five such displays presented since then, the first, dedicated to Professor Wojciech Kóčka (1911–1965), opened on November 13th 2021. The article, referring to the display, presents Kóčka’s life and career, illustrating how interesting figure he was. The subjects discussed herein include Sorbian issues, second world war conspiracy, history of archaeology and anthropology, experiencing of air photography in archaeology in pre-war Poland, and the beginning of excavations at Biskupin, to mention the most important. The article, however, is meant to be just the beginning of a discussion, and the hope is expressed at its end that the future brings a monograph devoted to Kóčka.Jubilees and anniversaries usually are the reason to look back, at times and events, but also at people, predecessors of what we are now a part of. It should not surprise then that while in 2019 the Adam Mickiewicz University celebrated its centenary, several new ideas emerged to commemorate previous generations of University people. The Archaeology Faculty of AMU, being of the same age, also incorporated a few ones, including jubilee editions, conferences, and displays. One of the ideas that appeared at that time was to commemorate, in form of exhibitions, some particular alumni, who devoted their lives to archaeology and the University. There have been five such displays presented since then, the first, dedicated to Professor Wojciech Kóčka (1911–1965), opened on November 13th 2021. The article, referring to the display, presents Kóčka’s life and career, illustrating how interesting figure he was. The subjects discussed herein include Sorbian issues, second world war conspiracy, history of archaeology and anthropology, experiencing of air photography in archaeology in pre-war Poland, and the beginning of excavations at Biskupin, to mention the most important. The article, however, is meant to be just the beginning of a discussion, and the hope is expressed at its end that the future brings a monograph devoted to Kóčka
Andrzej Sikorski (1953–2023). Archeolog, wykładowca, poeta
Full text linkOn November 11th, 2023 died Andrzej Sikorski, an archaeologist, a university teacher, and a poet. The three nouns, however, appear to be insufficient to describe his intensive presence in the Archaeology Faculty at Adam Mickiewicz University and in numerous other places in Poznań. The paper is an attempt to introduce some of his achievements in various fields, and a farewell to a friend.On November 11th, 2023 died Andrzej Sikorski, an archaeologist, a university teacher, and a poet. The three nouns, however, appear to be insufficient to describe his intensive presence in the Archaeology Faculty at Adam Mickiewicz University and in numerous other places in Poznań. The paper is an attempt to introduce some of his achievements in various fields, and a farewell to a friend
Use-wear analysis of copper-alloy artifacts. A window of opportunity or a dead end?
Full text linkA world seen through the lenses of a microscope can lead to exceptional discoveries. Regarding archaeology, it can grant us knowledge about the possible usage of certain artifacts in the past. Previously unrecognized and unclassified fragments of flint and bone can be reinterpreted as a completely different item. Throughout the years there were a small few astounding scientist who laid foundations and improved on this part of archaeology. In this already tight-knit group of researchers there is an even smaller group of people who are interested in applying use-wear analysis to copper-alloy artifacts. It is quite a different approach. You still look for signs of usage or any other traces but the difference in material and overall structure of an artifact makes for quite a difficult task. The multiple issues and setbacks such as corrosion, acidity of the soil, the composition of alloys, conservation or simple mismanagement of an artifact can lead to a lot of misleading conclusions. Despite all those problem you can still gather data from use-wear analysis on metal. But can it be used in forming any sort of narrative or is just a “collection of pretty pictures”?A world seen through the lenses of a microscope can lead to exceptional discoveries. Regarding archaeology, it can grant us knowledge about the possible usage of certain artifacts in the past. Previously unrecognized and unclassified fragments of flint and bone can be reinterpreted as a completely different item. Throughout the years there were a small few astounding scientist who laid foundations and improved on this part of archaeology. In this already tight-knit group of researchers there is an even smaller group of people who are interested in applying use-wear analysis to copper-alloy artifacts. It is quite a different approach. You still look for signs of usage or any other traces but the difference in material and overall structure of an artifact makes for quite a difficult task. The multiple issues and setbacks such as corrosion, acidity of the soil, the composition of alloys, conservation or simple mismanagement of an artifact can lead to a lot of misleading conclusions. Despite all those problem you can still gather data from use-wear analysis on metal. But can it be used in forming any sort of narrative or is just a “collection of pretty pictures”
Interconnectivity of the Vardar and Struma river valleys. Some hints to the understanding of the south-eastern Balkans role in the 2nd millennium BC
Full text linkThe Vardar and Struma rivers flow through the south-eastern Balkans, creating valleys which have been inhabited by human populations for thousands of years. From an archaeological perspective, from Neolithic times these corridors have long been considered crucial for establishing cultural, trade, and social networks, developed later by the emergence of cultural complexes of Late Bronze Age. This area was incorporated into wide archaeological frameworks of interregional interaction, namely – the world-system theory and its variants. The aim of this paper is an attempt to apply these theoretical models as well as concept of “contact space” to human interactions in the Vardar and Struma rivers’ valleys in the 2nd millennium BC. It analysis bases on tableware pottery evidences with data concerning presence of defensive outposts within easy to control mountainous paths, as well as chosen information deriving from funeral rites. These data may provide insights into the communication networks in south-eastern Balkans and mentioned river valleys may seem as an important area of mutual influences.The Vardar and Struma rivers flow through the south-eastern Balkans, creating valleys which have been inhabited by human populations for thousands of years. From an archaeological perspective, from Neolithic times these corridors have long been considered crucial for establishing cultural, trade, and social networks, developed later by the emergence of cultural complexes of Late Bronze Age. This area was incorporated into wide archaeological frameworks of interregional interaction, namely – the world-system theory and its variants. The aim of this paper is an attempt to apply these theoretical models as well as concept of “contact space” to human interactions in the Vardar and Struma rivers’ valleys in the 2nd millennium BC. It analysis bases on tableware pottery evidences with data concerning presence of defensive outposts within easy to control mountainous paths, as well as chosen information deriving from funeral rites. These data may provide insights into the communication networks in south-eastern Balkans and mentioned river valleys may seem as an important area of mutual influences
Ceramika malowana z wczesnej epoki żelaza vs. nowożytna ceramika biała. Rozważania o magii i o „odczarowaniu świata”
Full text linkThe article contrasts two chronologically distinct groups of artifacts: painted ceramics from the Hallstatt period and the so-called white ceramics, produced until the end of modernity. They are related by means of the technique of covering a bright surface with colorful patterns and the stylistic similarity of certain geometric motifs. However, the ideas behind creating these pictorial representations were completely different. In the article, painted vessels from the Hallstatt period and modernity will be the starting point for detailed studies on magical and rational thinking about the world. It was in the Renaissance that, according to the concept of the sociologist and philosopher Max Weber (1864‒1920), a “disenchantment of the world”, took place ‒ e.g. the departure from the magical understanding of reality. Early Iron Age and Modernity ceramics will illustrate this process.The article contrasts two chronologically distinct groups of artifacts: painted ceramics from the Hallstatt period and the so-called white ceramics, produced until the end of modernity. They are related by means of the technique of covering a bright surface with colorful patterns and the stylistic similarity of certain geometric motifs. However, the ideas behind creating these pictorial representations were completely different. In the article, painted vessels from the Hallstatt period and modernity will be the starting point for detailed studies on magical and rational thinking about the world. It was in the Renaissance that, according to the concept of the sociologist and philosopher Max Weber (1864‒1920), a “disenchantment of the world”, took place ‒ e.g. the departure from the magical understanding of reality. Early Iron Age and Modernity ceramics will illustrate this process
Wykorzystanie żelaza w starożytnym Egipcie do początku okresu późnego
Full text linkThe purpose of this article is to present the use of iron in ancient Egypt up to the beginning of the Late Period. The presentation of the development of metallurgy of this metal will be possible through the analysis of the preserved objects and their fragments, which show the subsequent stages of learning about the new raw material and the gradual adoption of various methods of iron processing. Due to the fact that no traces of iron processing workshops have survived from the times preceding the Late Period, the analysis of the preserved iron artifacts will enable the reconstruction of subsequent stages of the development of this metal metallurgy. Equally important as objects are the sources from which the Egyptians could obtain iron and the routes by which they imported it, because their presence is one of the basic requirements for metallurgy to develop and spread. I in studying the development of iron treatment the texts in which there is terminology describing iron will be also helpful. Furthermore, by reviewing the contexts of its use, it will be possible to enrich knowledge about the metallurgy of this metal. The analysis of the above points will allow to present a complete picture of iron metallurgy in Egypt.The purpose of this article is to present the use of iron in ancient Egypt up to the beginning of the Late Period. The presentation of the development of metallurgy of this metal will be possible through the analysis of the preserved objects and their fragments, which show the subsequent stages of learning about the new raw material and the gradual adoption of various methods of iron processing. Due to the fact that no traces of iron processing workshops have survived from the times preceding the Late Period, the analysis of the preserved iron artifacts will enable the reconstruction of subsequent stages of the development of this metal metallurgy. Equally important as objects are the sources from which the Egyptians could obtain iron and the routes by which they imported it, because their presence is one of the basic requirements for metallurgy to develop and spread. I in studying the development of iron treatment the texts in which there is terminology describing iron will be also helpful. Furthermore, by reviewing the contexts of its use, it will be possible to enrich knowledge about the metallurgy of this metal. The analysis of the above points will allow to present a complete picture of iron metallurgy in Egypt
Eugeniusz Tomczak, Anita Szczepanek, Paweł Jarosz, Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej. Seria: Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne, t. 11 (red. K. Dzięgielewski)
Full text linkEugeniusz Tomczak, Anita Szczepanek, Paweł Jarosz, Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej.Seria: Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne, t. 11 (red. K. Dzięgielewski), Wydawnictwo: Stowarzyszenie Archeologów Terenowych „Stater”, Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, Pękowice 2021
Recenzowana publikacja wydana nakładem wydawnictw Stowarzyszenia Archeologów Terenowych „Stater” oraz Profil-Archeo jest jedną z trzech, poza Trestą Rządową i Radomiem-Wośnikami, monografii poświęconych nekropolom ludności kultury łużyckiej, jakie do tej pory ukazały się w serii Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne. Książka, licząca 147 stron formatu A4 wraz z 97 rycinami oraz 5 tabelami, składa się z 11 części, z czego 4 ostatnie są analizami specjalistycznymi.Eugeniusz Tomczak, Anita Szczepanek, Paweł Jarosz, Gogolin-Strzebniów, stanowisko 12. Cmentarzysko kultury łużyckiej na Wyżynie Śląskiej.Seria: Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne, t. 11 (red. K. Dzięgielewski), Wydawnictwo: Stowarzyszenie Archeologów Terenowych „Stater”, Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, Pękowice 2021
Recenzowana publikacja wydana nakładem wydawnictw Stowarzyszenia Archeologów Terenowych „Stater” oraz Profil-Archeo jest jedną z trzech, poza Trestą Rządową i Radomiem-Wośnikami, monografii poświęconych nekropolom ludności kultury łużyckiej, jakie do tej pory ukazały się w serii Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne. Książka, licząca 147 stron formatu A4 wraz z 97 rycinami oraz 5 tabelami, składa się z 11 części, z czego 4 ostatnie są analizami specjalistycznymi
„Fortece na bagnach”. Pierwsze interdyscyplinarne badania stanowiska z późnej epoki brązu w Jatwiezi Dużej (Polska północno-wschodnia)
Full text linkThe phenomenon of functioning of fortified settlements of late Bronze Age and early Iron Age in northern Podlasie (North-Eastern Poland) is a relatively new research problem, on which the knowledge is a result of research conducted in the last several years. The aim of the paper is to present the preliminary results of the interdisciplinary research of the Jatwieź Duża site (district of Suchowola, Sokółka County, Podlaskie voivodeship). The research area is located in the Podlaskie voivodeship in the Brzozówka valley (left tributary of Biebrza River), in the Biebrza Basin. The described site is characterized by an oval form of anthropogenic origin, which indicates a permanent or temporary settlement in the prehistory. This object is one of many similar forms currently being discovered in Podlasie region.This form is build by two distinct trench rings separated by earth embankment and a central flat elevation with a diameter of about 60 m. A geophysical survey (geomagnetic and GPR) was carried out. They registered a series of anomalies, forming two rings which relate to the relief of the site. Archaeological excavation was made in the north-west direction. It was 25 m long and 2 m wide, crossing the embankment and both trenches.. In the course of archaeological excavations, ten objects were discovered with fragments of ceramics and a few flint tools. Preliminary results of archaeological research indicate that this structure was use by the communities of Urnfield culture in the Bronze Age.The phenomenon of functioning of fortified settlements of late Bronze Age and early Iron Age in northern Podlasie (North-Eastern Poland) is a relatively new research problem, on which the knowledge is a result of research conducted in the last several years. The aim of the paper is to present the preliminary results of the interdisciplinary research of the Jatwieź Duża site (district of Suchowola, Sokółka County, Podlaskie voivodeship). The research area is located in the Podlaskie voivodeship in the Brzozówka valley (left tributary of Biebrza River), in the Biebrza Basin. The described site is characterized by an oval form of anthropogenic origin, which indicates a permanent or temporary settlement in the prehistory. This object is one of many similar forms currently being discovered in Podlasie region.This form is build by two distinct trench rings separated by earth embankment and a central flat elevation with a diameter of about 60 m. A geophysical survey (geomagnetic and GPR) was carried out. They registered a series of anomalies, forming two rings which relate to the relief of the site. Archaeological excavation was made in the north-west direction. It was 25 m long and 2 m wide, crossing the embankment and both trenches.. In the course of archaeological excavations, ten objects were discovered with fragments of ceramics and a few flint tools. Preliminary results of archaeological research indicate that this structure was use by the communities of Urnfield culture in the Bronze Age
Instruments for diagnostic and treatment purposes from the la Tène period in Central Europe.
Full text linkSources of knowledge of treatment practices in the La Tène period in Central Europe are limited. Archaeologists very often classify findings on the basis of their personal opinions which are not substantiated by evidence. The theories that have been proposed so far are not widely accepted by the academics. Artefacts that are expected to be used for diagnostics and treatment are not usually chosen to deduce the form and processes of therapeutic practice in the La Tène period. The main issue of the topic is the possibility to distinguish between tools for therapeutic procedures and artefacts created for other purposes. However, there is also the question of whether it is possible to distinguish between tools originating from Central Europe and tools originating in the Roman or Greek environment, artefacts which originated in the studied period from medieval or modern objects, and the real artefacts, for which there are no suitable analogies, from counterfeits created in the 18th‒19th centuries. For this purpose, specific debatable sets of artefacts are used. The goal of the research is to clarify the real purpose of the examined artefacts, for which it was previously proposed that they were used for therapy or diagnostics in the La Tène period. The results of the review and analysis of the artefacts have their explanatory ability about the state of practice in the studied geographical area.Sources of knowledge of treatment practices in the La Tène period in Central Europe are limited. Archaeologists very often classify findings on the basis of their personal opinions which are not substantiated by evidence. The theories that have been proposed so far are not widely accepted by the academics. Artefacts that are expected to be used for diagnostics and treatment are not usually chosen to deduce the form and processes of therapeutic practice in the La Tène period. The main issue of the topic is the possibility to distinguish between tools for therapeutic procedures and artefacts created for other purposes. However, there is also the question of whether it is possible to distinguish between tools originating from Central Europe and tools originating in the Roman or Greek environment, artefacts which originated in the studied period from medieval or modern objects, and the real artefacts, for which there are no suitable analogies, from counterfeits created in the 18th‒19th centuries. For this purpose, specific debatable sets of artefacts are used. The goal of the research is to clarify the real purpose of the examined artefacts, for which it was previously proposed that they were used for therapy or diagnostics in the La Tène period. The results of the review and analysis of the artefacts have their explanatory ability about the state of practice in the studied geographical area
Panowie i niewolnicy – gospodarka okresu halsztackiego
Full text linkDuring the Hallstatt period in Central Europe, profound cultural, economic, and social changes occurred. This is due to the emergence of new technologies ‒ primarily iron metallurgy. Another element is the vicinity of the dominant economic system, i.e., the broadly understood Mediterranean civi-lization, especially the Etruscan cities in Italy. These asymmetrical relationships forced social changes in the areas north of the Alps. An important factor was probably the slave trade, which forced violence and armed struggle. This resulted in a progressive militarization, which is visible through the construction of defensive settlements and the strengthening of farms. The consequence was extreme social stratification and the domination of aristocratic elites. Thus, the stability of such a system depended on the relationship with the dominant partner. In a situation of disruption of relationships, a crisis must have arisen, resulting in the collapse of this culture model.During the Hallstatt period in Central Europe, profound cultural, economic, and social changes occurred. This is due to the emergence of new technologies ‒ primarily iron metallurgy. Another element is the vicinity of the dominant economic system, i.e., the broadly understood Mediterranean civi-lization, especially the Etruscan cities in Italy. These asymmetrical relationships forced social changes in the areas north of the Alps. An important factor was probably the slave trade, which forced violence and armed struggle. This resulted in a progressive militarization, which is visible through the construction of defensive settlements and the strengthening of farms. The consequence was extreme social stratification and the domination of aristocratic elites. Thus, the stability of such a system depended on the relationship with the dominant partner. In a situation of disruption of relationships, a crisis must have arisen, resulting in the collapse of this culture model