Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
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Nieustająca Komisja Obrachunkowa. O kontroli państwowej w Rzeczypospolitej Krakowskiej
Get PDFNieustająca Komisja Obrachunkowa. O kontroli państwowej w Rzeczypospolitej Krakowskie
Konferencja „Próba ustrojowej rekonstrukcji Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1861-1862. W 150. rocznicę reform margrabiego Aleksandra Wielopolskiego”
Get PDFKonferencja „Próba ustrojowej rekonstrukcji Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1861-1862. W 150. rocznicę reform margrabiego Aleksandra Wielopolskiego
Kontradyktoryjność i inkwizycyjność w europejskiej procedurze cywilnej XIX i XX wieku
Get PDFSocialisation of private law in the second half of the 19th century brought about a new approach to a civil process and its purpose. The main characteristics of the evolution of the civil procedure in the 19th and 20th centuries was limited autonomy of the parties to a process. This limitation was introduced to ensure fair, expedient and cost-effective judgment. A tendency to replace the principle of an adversarial trial with elements of an inquisitorial trial was observed in civil law as well as common law systems. Relevant changes were fi rst made in the Franz Klein Austrian code of civil procedure, followed by departures from the formal truth in the civil process implemented in the system in Germany, Hungary, the Swiss cantons of Zurich and Bern, in Poland, and later, in the second half of the 20th century, also in France. In the common law system, the reform of 1999 ascertained judges a number of discretionary powers to help them establish the facts in a civil proceeding. Those changes added the public element in the civil procedure, but the very idea of a private process and the protection of private interests has been maintained. The totalitarian regimes which emerged in some European states considerably distorted the process of shaping the relationship between the state and the individual. In the socialist civil proceeding, the principle ne eat iudex ultra petita partium was replaced with ex offi cio ultra petita, which was a novelty characteristic of the civil procedure of totalitarian states. The departure from an adversarial principle in the socialist civil process was not much different from the general tendencies observed in the civil procedure in West European states. After the political transformations and change of the regime, former states of the Eastern Bloc sought to signifi cantly increase the autonomy of the parties in a civil process. However, as experience of the Western European states shows, certain public elements must be taken into account in a civil procedure if the European Convention on Human Rights is to be observed
Nowy Ład wobec tradycji klasycznej
Get PDFFranklin Delano Roosevelt promised the Americans the creation of the New Deal as he won the 1932 presidential election. It was a realization of a new and progressive vision of the world and, in consequence, it was to bring the Great Depression to an end. The scale of the metamorphosis was of unprecedented magnitude in the history of the United States. The next decade witnessed a doctrinal shift from the negative to a positive freedom,from deontological ethics to consequentionalism, and from the night watchman state to the welfare state. These changes found further reflection in the introduction of economic interventionism, centralization, trade protectionism and the development of the social care system. However, while seeking an ideological support for the transformational reform of the liberal doctrine, Roosevelt appealed to the traditional values of the American classical liberalism – freedom and equality. The legitimization of the system and of the political reforms was to be accomplished mainly by using the authority of the Founding Fathers. This rhetoric allowed Roosevelt to gain public support for the New Deal. The president-successor to the heritage of Jefferson and Madison acquired a moral right to lead the nation andsteer the state in a new direction. His program became “liberal” and “American” even if it bore a startling resemblance to the European authoritarian regimes of the age
Najstarsze północnoamerykańskie artykuły wojskowe
Get PDFThis paper analyses from historical and legal points of view, military articles enacted for militias stationed in the colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Maryland. All the studied articles were drafted by selecting legal norms from model military articles and introducing minor stylistic changes. Colonists from Virginia took advantage of Sweden’s Gustav II Adolph’s articles of 1621, those from Massachusetts – articles drafted for the Parliamentarian Army by Robert Devereux in 1642 while in Maryland, Prince Rupert’s Articles of 1672 served as a model. The example of Connecticut shows that once a version of regulations for militias had been published, it was eagerly copied by neighbouring colonies. Curiously enough – an observation that has not been made in the literature so far – the Swedish military regulations of Gustav II Adolph were made use of outside Europe. This only bears out the claim that military expertise fl owed freely in the times of ‘military revolutions’. A new type of source concerning military law, namely militia articles, needs to be distinguished; one marked by conciseness, for it only laid down absolutely necessary regulations that could be enforced in ad hoc formed militias
Filozoficzny anarchizm, czyli jak być dobrym obywatelem nieposłusznym państwu i prawu
Get PDFFilozoficzny anarchizm, czyli jak być dobrym obywatelem nieposłusznym państwu i praw
Obrona pracy doktorskiej mgra Mikołaja Tarkowskiego
Get PDFObrona pracy doktorskiej mgra Mikołaja Tarkowskieg
„Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba”. Wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII-XVIII wieku, opr. Ewa Danowska, 2011
Get PDF„Dług śmiertelności wypłacić potrzeba”. Wybór testamentów mieszczan krakowskich z XVII-XVIII wieku, opr. Ewa Danowska, 201