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Physics and operation oriented activities in preparation of the JT-60SA tokamak exploitation
No full textThe JT-60SA tokamak, being built under the Broader Approach agreement jointly by Europe and Japan, is due to start operation in 2020 and is expected to give substantial contributions to both ITER and DEMO scenario optimisation. A broad set of preparation activities for an efficient start of the experiments on JT-60SA is being carried out, involving elaboration of the Research Plan, advanced modelling in various domains, feasibility and conception studies of diagnostics and other sub-systems in connection with the priorities of the scientific programme, development and validation of operation tools. The logic and coherence of this approach, as well as the most significant results of the main activities undertaken are presented and summarised.SP
Redox-Responsive, Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Capable of On-Demand, Concurrent Drug Release and Structure Disassembly
No full textWe developed camptothecin (CPT)-conjugated, core-cross-linked (CCL) micelles that are subject to redox-responsive cleavage of the built-in disulfide bonds, resulting in disruption of the micellar structure and rapid release of CPT. CCL micelles were prepared via coprecipitation of disulfide-containing CPT-poly(tyrosine(alkynyl)-OCA) conjugate and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(tyrosine(alkynyl)-OCA), followed by cross-linking of the micellar core via azide–alkyne click chemistry. CCL micelles exhibited excellent stability under physiological conditions, while they underwent rapid dissociation in reduction circumstance, resulting in burst release of CPT. These redox-responsive CCL micelles showed enhanced cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells in vitro.LB
Correlation of expression of Wnt-1 in developing limbs with abnormalities in growth and skeletal patterning
No full textThe Wnt genes are members of a family of vertebrate genes related to the Drosophila gene wingless (wg). They encode secreted molecules that are thought to be important in patterning and growth control during ontogenesis. Several such genes are transcribed in localized domains during limb budding and morphogenesis. We report here a congenital limb malformation in a mouse transgenic line that ectopically expresses Wnt-1 in the developing limbs. The hemizygote phenotype, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, presents extensive distal truncations of skeletal elements, skeletal fusions and interdigital webbing. The data shown here demonstrate that abnormal Wnt-1 expression is correlated with retarded mesenchymal condensations replaced by highly proliferative cells in the limb bud. This seems to lead to an inability of the affected cells to participate in normal skeletal development leading to the adult defects.UPDUBEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
Correspondence on “The Open DAC 2023 Dataset and Challenges for Sorbent Discovery in Direct Air Capture”
No full textThis Correspondence provides a brief commentary on a recent ACS Central Science article that identifies metal− organic frameworks for direct air capture and suggests that the recommended structures are artifacts of the methodology used. T he recent article Sriram et al. 1 carried out a detailed screening of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) for direct air capture (DAC). In this work, a promising material was defined as one with a binding energy of CO 2 that is sufficiently large (i.e., E bind CO 2 > 50 kJ mol −1) and larger thanLSM
Connection of Metallamacrocycles via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry: A Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Molecular Cages
No full textA modular approach for the synthesis of cage structures is described. Reactions of [(arene)RuCl2]2 [arene = p-cymene, 1,3,5-C6H3Me3, 1,3,5-C6H3(i-Pr)3] with formyl-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-pyridone ligands provide trinuclear metallamacrocycles with pendant aldehyde groups. Subsequent condensation reactions with di- and triamines give molecular cages with 3, 6, or 12 Ru centers in a diastereoselective and chemoselective (self-sorting) fashion. Some of the cages can also be prepared in one-pot reactions by mixing [(arene)RuCl2]2 with the pyridone ligand and the amine in the presence of base. The cages were comprehensively analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The diameter of the largest dodecanuclear complex is 3 nm; the cavity sizes range from 290 to 740 Å3. An amine exchange process with ethylenediamine allows the clean conversion of a dodecanuclear cage into a hexanuclear cage without disruption of the metallamacrocyclic structures.LC
On the Lai-Massey scheme
No full textConstructing a block cipher requires us to define a random permutation, which is usually performed by the Feistel scheme and its variants. In this paper we investigate the Lai-Massey scheme which was used in IDEA. We show that we cannot use it  as is in order to obtain results like the Luby-Rackoff theorem. This can however be done by introducing a simple function which has an orthomorphism property. We also show that this design offers nice decorrelation properties, and we propose a block cipher family called WalnutLASE
A new collision warning system for lead vehicles in rear-end collisions
No full textCollision Warning Systems (CWS) are safety sys- tems designed to warn the driver about an imminent collision. A CWS monitors the dynamic state of the traffic in real- time by processing information from various proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors. It assesses the potential threat level and decides whether a warning should be issued to the driver through auditory and/or visual signals. Several measures have already been defined for threat assessment and various CWS have been proposed in literature. In this paper, we will focus on two time-based measures that assess both front and rear collision threats. In particular, a new threat metric, the time-to-last-second-acceleration (Tlsa), for lead vehicles in rear-end collision is proposed and compared with its counterpart, the time-to-last-second-braking (Tlsb) [18]. The Tlsa is a novel time-based approach that focuses on the lead vehicle (as opposed to the following vehicle). It inherits the properties of the Tlsb and, as such, is coherent with the human judgement of urgency and severity of threats. It directly quantifies the threat level of the current dynamic situation before a required evasive action (i.e. maximum acceleration) needs to be applied. Furthermore, different warning thresholds are proposed by considering the average driver reaction time. Its effect on decreasing the severity of a rear-end collision is studied and its reliability is tested using a well-established physics-based robotics simulator, namely Webots.DISA