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The ice record of greenhouse gases
No full textGases trapped in polar ice provide our most direct record of the changes in greenhouse gas levels during the past 150,000 years. The best documented trace-gas records are for CO2 and CH4. The measurements corresponding to the industrial period document the recent changes in growth rate. The variability observed over the last 1000 years constrains the possible feedbacks of a climate change on the trace gases under similar conditions as exist today. Changes in the levels of greenhouse gases during the glacial-interglacial cycle overall paralleled, at least at high southern latitudes, changes in temperature; this relation suggests that greenhouse gases play an important role as an amplifier of the initial orbital forcing of Earth's climate and also helps to assess the feedbacks on the biogeochemical cycles in a climate system in which the components are changing at different rates.Gases trapped in polar ice provide our most direct record of the changes in greenhouse gas levels during the past 150,000 years. The best documented trace-gas records are for CO2 and CH4. The measurements corresponding to the industrial period document the recent changes in growth rate. The variability observed over the last 1000 years constrains the possible feedbacks of a climate change on the trace gases under similar conditions as exist today. Changes in the levels of greenhouse gases during the glacial-interglacial cycle overall paralleled, at least at high southern latitudes, changes in temperature; this relation suggests that greenhouse gases play an important role as an amplifier of the initial orbital forcing of Earth's climate and also helps to assess the feedbacks on the biogeochemical cycles in a climate system in which the components are changing at different rates.SENS
Memory-Aware Social Learning Under Partial Information Sharing
No full textThis work examines a social learning problem, where dispersed agents connected through a network topology interact locally to form their opinions (beliefs) as regards certain hypotheses of interest. These opinions evolve over time, since the agents collect observations from the environment, and update their current beliefs by accounting for: their past beliefs, the innovation contained in the new data, and the beliefs received from the neighbors. The distinguishing feature of the present work is that agents are constrained to share opinions regarding only a single hypothesis. We devise a novel learning strategy where each agent forms a valid belief by completing the partial beliefs received from its neighbors. This completion is performed by exploiting the knowledge accumulated in the past beliefs, thanks to a principled memory-aware rule inspired by a Bayesian criterion. The analysis allows us to characterize the role of memory in social learning under partial information sharing, revealing novel and nontrivial learning dynamics. Surprisingly, we establish that the standard classification rule based on selecting the maximum belief is not optimal under partial information sharing, while there exists a consistent threshold-based decision rule that allows each agent to classify correctly the hypothesis of interest. We also show that the proposed strategy outperforms previously considered schemes, highlighting that the introduction of memory in the social learning algorithm is critical to overcome the limitations arising from sharing partial information.AS
Tidal fluctuations in a leaky confined aquifer.
No full textECOLChungli, Republic of China, December, B95-B100
Mechanics of very slow human walking
No full textHuman walking speeds can be influenced by multiple factors, from energetic considerations to the time to reach a destination. Neurological deficits or lower-limb injuries can lead to slower walking speeds, and the recovery of able-bodied gait speed and behavior from impaired gait is considered an important rehabilitation goal. Because gait studies are typically performed at faster speeds, little normative data exists for very slow speeds (less than 0.6 ms(-1)). The purpose of our study was to investigate healthy gait mechanics at extremely slow walking speeds. We recorded kinematic and kinetic data from eight adult subjects walking at four slow speeds from 0.1 ms(-1) to 0.6 ms(-1) and at their self-selected speed. We found that known relations for spatiotemporal and work measures are still valid at very slow speeds. Trends derived from slow speeds largely provided reasonable estimates of gait measures at self-selected speeds. Our study helps enable valuable comparisons between able-bodied and impaired gait, including which pathological behaviors can be attributed to slow speeds and which to gait deficits. We also provide a slow walking dataset, which may serve as normative data for clinical evaluations and gait rehabilitative devices.BIOROBThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licens
Spatial distribution of tree-related microhabitats in European beech-dominated forests
No full textTree-related Microhabitats (TreMs) are of prime concern for biodiversity since they host thousands of taxa. TreMs are discrete habitat patches borne by trees and cover a wide range of lifespans, from days to decades to centuries. The taxa associated with such discrete and sometimes highly ephemeral habitat patches are likely to be sensitive to spatial distribution because they need to search for new habitats after the occupied one disappears. Although many studies have recently been dedicated to TreMs, only very few have investigated their spatial distribution. Focusing on European beech-dominated forests, we used a European TreM database with 12,362 trees and 296 plots (ranging from local (0.1-1 ha) to landscape scale (10,000 ha)) to assess TreM spatial distribution patterns in long unmanaged forests. Then, with a TreM sub-database with 6828 trees and 21 plots, we assessed whether and if so, how harvesting changes spatial patterns at the plot scale. In long unmanaged forests, most TreMs showed a regular pattern at the plot scale and an aggregated pattern at larger scales. Tree diameter was the most influential factor for spatial patterns in TreMs. Spatial patterns at the plot scale in harvested forests differed slightly from those observed in unmanaged forests. To favor TreM-dwelling taxa in harvested stands, our results suggest retaining habitat trees in a regular spatial pattern to mimic the natural pattern. However, some TreMs should be conserved in an aggregate pattern; we specify the spatial scale at which this should be done.PER
Synthesis and characterization of electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complexes
No full textThe synthesis and characterization of the 1st Ni(0)/(I) tris-carbene complex with a N anchored tripodal N-heterocyclic carbene ligand are described. Substitution reaction of tris[(3-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene)ethyl]amine tripodal ligand with Ni(COD)2 to give electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complexes. [on SciFinder (R)]LSCICAN 141:424284 29-13 Organometallic and Organometalloidal Compounds Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of California, San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA. Journal 1359-7345 written in English. 796884-18-9P; 796884-19-0P Role: CPS (Chemical process), PEP (Physical, engineering or chemical process), PRP (Properties), SPN (Synthetic preparation), PREP (Preparation), PROC (Process) (crystal structure, electrochem. redox; oxidative addn. reaction of tris[(alkylimidazolylidene)ethyl]amine with nickel diene to give electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complexes); 796884-20-3 Role: FMU (Formation, unclassified), FORM (Formation, nonpreparative) (oxidative addn. reaction of tris[(alkylimidazolylidene)ethyl]amine with nickel diene to give electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complexes); 1295-35-8 (Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel); 618120-50-6 Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or reagent) (oxidative addn. reaction of tris[(alkylimidazolylidene)ethyl]amine with nickel diene to give electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complexes); 98-88-4 (Benzoyl chloride) Role: RGT (Reagent), RACT (Reactant or reagent) (prepn. and reaction of electron-rich nickel tris-carbene complex with one-electron oxidizer to give cationic complex
Bayesian Integration of a discrete Choice Pedestrian Behavioral Model and Image Correlation Techniques for Automatic Multi Object Tracking
No full textTRANSP-O
EVALUASI PROGRAM AREA TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM DALAM MENURUNKAN PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the ATCS Program in reducing traffic violations in Sumedang Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative. The target of the study is 63 individuals, with five informants consisting of the Secretary of the Department of Transportation, the Head of the Safety and Supervision Division, the Head of the Safety Section, an ATCS Operator, and an ATCS Technician. Data collection techniques include data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing/verification, and triangulation. The results of the study regarding the evaluation of the ATCS program in reducing traffic violations in Sumedang Regency from the implementation perspective can be considered quite good, but there is still a lack of infrastructure, which has led to no significant decrease in traffic violations in Sumedang Regency. From the impact perspective, it is also considered good, with many people becoming more orderly in driving, especially at intersections with ATCS cameras. The recommendations from this study include improving infrastructure, imposing penalties on traffic violators, and increasing human resources to help the ATCS program reduce traffic violations in Sumedang Regency
PENGARUH PEMBINAAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP PMKS DI DINAS SOSIAL, PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN, DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Get PDFThe research method used is the analysis description, with the research variable consisting of independent variables, namely coaching and the dependent variable quality of life. The study population was 33 employees of the social service. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, so the sample amounted to 33 people. Data collection techniques are carried out by documentation study and field studies through observation and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis with the path analysis model.This study aims to determine how well the implementation of PMKS guidance at the Social, Women\u27s Empowerment and Child Protection Services. This is to find out how well the quality of life of Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) improves. The results of hypothesis testing showed that the determination coefficient test concluded that the influence of PMKS coaching on improving the quality of life for people with social welfare problems (PMKS) in Sumedang Regency reached 87.3%, while the remaining 12.7% was influenced by other variables that were not studied