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The potential of alternative housing initiatives to ‘transform’ the housing sector: Examples from New York City and Berlin
Get PDFMost major cities around the world are faced with a housing crisis, as real estate has become the dominant sector of the economy. The purpose of this paper-in-progress is to review selected affordable and integrated housing initiatives from New York City and Berlin to consider how they can be supported, scaled up, and sustained to resist the financialization of the housing sector, and potentially, lead to a transition toward de-commodification of housing. Despite the differences between the two cities in terms of scale, history and socio-economic context, the majority of residents in both cities are renters, unlike the rest of the country, and both have a legacy of working-class activism that led to the establishment of successful collaborative affordable housing development and programs in the second half of the twentieth century. After a brief review of the current affordable housing crisis, we provide an overview of some past and recently proposed low income and integrated housing models. We consider their potential and limitations in terms of sustainability and scaling up. The methodology is based on a review of previous studies, newspaper and agency reports, and interviews with housing experts, activists, and local government representatives.publishedVersio
Convening regional climate collaboratives : a cross-comparison of us cases
Get PDFCollaboration has been increasingly used to address complex regional problems that cross political boundaries and jurisdictions. The roles, approaches and implementation issues associated with collaboration strategies and networks have been widely discussed in the research literature, but there has been less analysis of the approaches and deliberations associated with convening collaborative efforts. This paper explores the issues, dialogue and framing of collaborative efforts through a cross case comparison of climate change mitigation and adaption actions plans across the United States. In this first phase, we present the findings from our content analysis of documents, agreements and web sites. When analyzed by strategy (mitigation versus greenhouse gas reduction) and approach (alignment versus joint action), we found two distinct groupings: (1) efforts largely focused on mitigating effects through alignment; and (2) efforts drawing on joint action and alignment to consider mitigation and greenhouse gas reduction. Our next phase of the project will use interviews to analyze the political, institutional, and other factors affecting this framing
São Paulo City GIS Platform: GeoSampa
Get PDFInformation Technologies are changing paradigms bringing new challenges to Public Administration and its structures need to be renewed in all aspects, not only in technological and material resources, but also in the cultural models and processes in public government. Ethics in the manipulation and processing public data is necessary in the federal, regional and municipal levels. However, it is within the local power sphere where the information and construction of registries occurs in a more sensitive way, due to the direct contact with citizen and society in general. Also, the Local Power is the federative body responsible for the main urban problems of brazilian cities, accountable specially for Urban Public Policy. Within this perspective, the article presents as object of analysis the recent experience of the city of São Paulo through the city GIS called “GeoSampa”. This platform is part of the Municipal Information System (article 352 of the 2014 Master Plan) and it is a structural element of the Local Urban Public Policy. The GeoSampa initiative has shown to be innovative and resulted in a positive impact for the city and for the local government. But despite the achievements, it is necessary to evaluate the challenges that GeoSampa brings to the surface
The Impact of Cultural Creative Industries and Tourism Development on the Authenticity of Historic District from the Perspective of Spatial Production: A Case Study of Tianzifang, Shanghai
Get PDFIn the transition period of urban renewal in China, micro-renewal by means of function replacement has gradually become a popular mode of historic district renovation. However, the impact of industry injection and tourism development on the authenticity of district has become increasingly prominent. Based on the theory of spatial production, the (re-)production process mechanism of authenticity under the influence of creative industries and tourism activities in Tianzifang is analyzed. It shows that: Tianzifang has experienced the (re-)production process from the place of residence to the place of cultural creative industries, and then to the place of modern tourism consumption culture; The main body of Spatial Practice has gradually changed from original inhabitants to artists, businessmen and tourists, with its social network reshaped in varying degrees; For Representations Of Space, the physical transformation of buildings carriers is relatively light, but their functions have undergone a change from residential living space to cultural (re)production space and then to cultural consumption space; For the Spaces Of Representation, the cultural authenticity has gradually evolved into the staged authenticity, with the symbolization and commercialization. In addition, the effects of space production is summarized from the reconstruction of material space, spiritual space and social space.publishedVersio
Using value-added hierarchy method to analyze industrial spatial pattern in the background of economic transition - a case of Guanzhong plain urban cluster in China
Get PDFThe "Belt and Road" strategy shoulders the important mission of promoting economic transition among nations and regions. The Guanzhong Plain urban cluster, located in the inland center of China, is an important gateway to the western region. The industrial division of Guanzhong Plain urban cluster will be conducive to further promoting the economic network along the "Belt and Road". In 2018, the "Guanzhong Plain Urban Cluster Development Plan (2017-2035)" and the implementation plans of three provinces were compiled to define the industrial division mainly based on the geographical proximity. This paper probes into the rationality of industrial spatial pattern of Guanzhong Plain urban cluster in the perspective of urban division and cooperation. By the statistical data of 11 cities related in the Guanzhong Plain urban cluster in 2017, the research divides all cities into five categories by using the method of value-added hierarchy, reveals the characteristics of industrial spatial pattern, and compares the industrial policies and position defined in the relevant plans. The result finds that the planning does not take the current advantages of industries and urban characteristics into account. Based on this, the paper put forward some optimization suggestions to coordinate development and promote the economic construction.publishedVersio
Unbalanced Development and Peripheralisation Processes: a Testing Phase to Map Studies
Get PDFIn many regions, an unbalanced dichotomic development based on core and peripheral areas has increased territorial inequalities affecting places, communities and economies. The peripheralisation processes are causing several disadvantages, in terms of socio-economic negative trends, abandonment of cultural heritage and increasing of environmental risks. The CNR IRISS research aims at investigating approaches to contrast marginalisation trends and support balanced development processes. Starting from a first screening of scientific literature, different fields of study have emerged, ranging from regional sciences to geography and urban studies, from economics to social studies, and different terms have come out such as internal areas, inland areas, and inner peripheries. The aim of this research phase is to implement a systematic literature review to explore the multiplicity of terms related to unbalanced development and peripheralisation processes, to investigate possible connections with different scientific disciplines and/or geo-political contexts also by analysing the evolution of the debate over time. This work presents a testing phase aimed at verifying the adequacy of the selected methodology and selected items and at sharing them with the scientific community in order to consolidate and enrich the methodological framework, and to organise the follow-up activities.publishedVersio
Transposition of Advocacy Experience as Triple-Loop Social Learning in Albania: Fighting HPPs in Protected Areas from the Vjosa River Basin to the Canyons of Osumi
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2This paper traces the learning experiences of communities, living near protected areas, taking to the Administrative Court, in view of a lack of environmental crime law that would render these cases penal procedures, government decisions awarding the right to build hydropower plants to several national and international companies. We focus on the first four such administrative lawsuits in Albania, arguing against the construction of HPPs in the protected areas of the Vjosa river basin, the Valbona Valley National Park, the Seta river, and the Canyons of Osumi, from 2016 to 2018. Based on Brown et al.'s definition of triple-learning loops as a process transformative of decisionmaking paradigms and of the learning process itself (2015, pg. 1685), we demonstrate how the fight to protect national parks, biomonuments and dependent livelihoods, accompanied by social media campaigns and protests, have informed practices of participatory social learning (Brown 2015, 1686). We break down the dynamics of the multi-level and multi-agency approaches of these claims, to denote and explain the role of multiple social actors opposing the lack of compliance with environmental legislation on protected areas. We, ultimately, argue that the switch in feedback loops has acted as a catalyst for sustained behavioural change, and rendered possible the transposition of advocacy practices across different communities.
Keywords: triple learning loops; protected areas; environmental law; adaptability; AlbaniapublishedVersio
Time Series of Urban Shrinkage Elements in Coalexhausted Cities: A Case Study of Two Typical Cities in Northeast China
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2Based on the existing research, this paper first classifies the influencing factors of urban shrinkage into three categories: internal factors, external characteristics and potential factors, and further divides them into four categories: population structure change, economic and industrial change, spatial quality change and public facilities change. Secondly, taking Shuangyashan and Jixi city, two typical coal-based industrial cities in Heilongjiang Province of China as the research objects, from the point of view of time, using the method of big data classification and comparative analysis, the time series of key elements in each city is studied, the priority and lag relationship of elements are obtained, and the time law of mutual restriction of elements in each city is analyzed in depth, and the time series of key elements in each city is established. The time series model of the shrinkage of such coal-exhausted cities is put forward in order to put forward a common strategy to deal with the shrinkage of such cities from a time point of view.publishedVersio
The role of the university in the promotion of sociospatial justice
Get PDFIn 2016, The New Urban Agenda adopted in Quito recognized the persistence of multiple forms of poverty, increasing inequalities and environmental degradation as the greatest obstacles to the sustainable development of cities around the world. In this paper, it is argued that, to begin to address these challenges, it is necessary to transform the formative itineraries of the disciplines linked to the production of the city. Likewise, it advocates the incorporation of socio-spatial justice and environmental sustainability as fundamental approaches into their curricula in order to respond effectively to the challenges of cities in the 21st century. In this sense, this work presents an innovative action-research-learning initiative to incorporate the socio-spatial justice approach in the context of urban planning education. A review of theoretical approaches has been done in relation to the role of the university in the promotion of socio-spatial justice, from which an analytical framework has been developed. This analytical framework is applied to a innovative challenge-driven practices in Brazil. The research shows the actions carried out from the university in order to make visible the difficulties as well as the capacities of a community excluded from making their rights effective. Throughout these experiences, the importance of the co-production of knowledge (as a result of a collaborative work between the university and vulnerable communities) is shown, as well as the need for the university to put training and research activities at the service of society and, in particular, of social justice and not of other interests
‘Sticky Flows’ and ‘Productive Frictions’: Untangling the Mechanisms of Street Urbanism
Get PDFStreets are the ultimate ‘places of movement.’ Adopting a mobility perspective on street urbanism, this paper analyzes how the interaction of movement, places, and people explains the range of activities and socioeconomic opportunities supported by the streets of Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). The context is one of a tangible transition from motorbike to car mobility. This paper aims at identifying mobility-specific mechanisms through which a mobility transition brings about sociospatial change. Mixed methods served to analyze data collected through participant observations, video recordings of street life, and interviews with street users. The results show a consubstantial relationship between today’s dominant motorbike mobility and vibrant street activity. In contrast, car mobility is negatively correlated with street life. Motorbike mobility is characterized as a ‘sticky flow’ – low speed, thickness, and propensity to seep in and out of the curb. It is argued that such flow is conducive to ‘productive frictions’ between movement and the built environment. By connecting people on the move and people in places, these frictions play a significant role in the production of streets as integrative spaces of opportunities. The mobility transition in HCMC is one towards fewer and fewer points of productive frictions in the urban space.publishedVersio