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From Howard's Garden City Movement to Zero-Carbon New Towns in the postgrowth era: the case of New Town development in the context of carbon neutrality of Shanghai
Get PDFGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024Shanghai's urban development has transitioned from traditional New Towns to the emergence of zero- carbon New Towns, driven by a commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060. This transition reflects a broader shift towards sustainability and decarbonization in urban planning. Five major New Towns around Shanghai embody this shift, focusing on renewable energy, green infrastructure, and low-carbon living. Key indicators guide their development, emphasizing mixed land use, energy-efficient buildings, sustainable transportation, waste management, and climate resilience. Effective implementation mechanisms, supported by policy, finance, and community engagement, ensure the realization of low-carbon goals. Shanghai's journey towards zero-carbon New Towns highlights a proactive approach to address climate change while creating livable, resilient urban environments.
Key words: New Town development, carbon neutrality, sustainable development, carbon reductionpublished versio
Tensions in the original premises of the IAD framework compared to contemporary spatial applications: Revisiting Elinor Ostrom
Get PDFGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024The IAD framework was developed in circumstances different from contemporary spatial and governance issues. This article systematically compares Elinor Ostrom's work (1965-2017) and contemporary applications in spatial and governance research using the IAD framework. Findings include firstly that action situations and action arenas are applied inconsistently in contemporary research due to evolution of the concepts throughout Ostrom's own work; secondly, that the IAD is in many researches incoherently used where rules are studied in isolation of their configuration or rule configurations in isolation of the community attributes; and thirdly, that the application of IAD is mostly incomplete, specifically as explicit commons dilemmas, common pool resources and community are frequently undefined. A more consistent, coherent, and complete application better allows reproducible research and is fundamental for a better understanding of the relationship between institutions and communities.
Keywords: Institutional Analysis and Development framework; Commons dilemma; Spatial Planning; Action situation; Rule configurationpublished versio
Scenario Planning Method in Conceiving Future Development of Peripheral Areas: Island – City – Spatial Interconnecting for the Sustainable City of Tomorrow
Get PDFGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024Islands and island archipelagos, as typical peripheral areas, are of particular interest for both researchers and spatial planners. In this research the importance of the scenario method, especially in the education of future spatial planners is emphasised. The Zadar Island archipelago in Croatia was chosen as a case study for which eight possible scenarios were proposed. According to the evaluation the best rated scenario was developed in the longterm vision. Necessary activities in the form of different models (housing, transport, economy, green infrastructure) and related development projects were proposed for a period of next 25 years. Proposed models, with some modifications could be applicable to areas with similar characteristics.
Keywords: development vision, education, islands of the Zadar archipelago, scenario planning, strategic thinking and planningpublished versio
Bachelor of Science in Spatial Planning (Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology)
Get PDFThe BSc in Spatial Planning delivered at Warsaw University of Technology is distinctive in conferring an engineering 7-semester degree to undergraduates placed within a broad educational framework of integrated spatial planning for sustainable development. It brings together the following aspects of quality in planning education:
Programme Curriculum and Identity:
- Within a specific Polish and wider international context for planning education, the programme offers a combination of a broad variety of core and elective courses in planning generally divided into: fundamentals, planning conditions, planning process and specialization courses;
- It combines three basic learning lines focused on: environmental conditions, GIS support and land management and spatial/urban design and sociocultural aspects;
- In the 6th semester students are offered and supported in choosing between two specialisations: 1) "Environmental conditions of spatial planning" - a program covering environmental, social and economic aspects including land management, as well as the use of advanced geospatial technologies in decision-making process; 2) "Urban design in spatial planning" - education of future planners in the preparation and development of planning processes and documents, including the acquisition of the ability to correctly and adequately detail the formulation of provisions in land use plans, focused on housing and public realm, technologically supported by GIS, CAD and BIM;
- Targeted courses focus on the context of planning in Poland, paying attention to issues such as post-industrial, post-mining and chemically contaminated areas.
Principles of Pedagogy
- The programme has a strong focus on cross-disciplinary training reflected at different levels: cross-faculty contributions to the curriculum, cross-disciplinary topical foci and cross-disciplinary group work formats;
- It offers problem-based learning in courses in each discipline to understand and critically explore their disciplinary methods and potential. These competences are being integrated in the planning studios, geospatial analysis studios, diplomas, and workshops/seminars;
- It enables structured encounters of students, staff and relevant planning actors (external experts, public authorities, end-users, representatives of NGOs and businesses) as forms of creating transdisciplinary learning environments;
- Deep reflection on planning practices is encouraged by the use of pedagogical ‘reflection in action’ techniques such as student manifestos and learning diaries;
- A well-balanced curriculum in terms of space for students’ individual development (thesis topics, internship interests), experience with working in groups (various studio exercises), exhibition of their work to different audiences and promotion of excellence (stimulating and offering “first pick” to excellent students when it comes to choosing their specialisation).
Showcase Practices
- Offering an international and interdisciplinary co-creation workshop in a VR environment, wherein students of the course ‘Revitalization Project’ meet and discuss with other international students in a Virtual Reality Environment;
- Making excellent use of GIS-expertise by training students in data-driven and digitally supported decision-making processes, for instance in the context of the course ‘Cartography in the Decision Support Process of Spatial Planning’. The course offers opportunities for developing technical knowledge and skills related to complex spatial analysis which are subsequently used as basis for role-playing while exploring solution scenarios using design heuristic optimization tools and consensus building methods at different scales
Layout Patterns and Crowd Flows of Commercial Space in High-Speed-Rail Station Complexes -- Take three Chinese high-speed-rail station complexes as examples
Get PDFGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024The commercial space in the high-speed railway station area is a key factor in stimulating the vitality of the crowd in the station area, and the station complex can maximally convert the transport value of the station area into comprehensive functional value. In the era of ordinary railways, the high-speed railway station was only regarded as a passenger transport hub. The commercial space was only used as a supporting facility to serve the transport interchange activities, which failed to attract the crowd to stay for long. Still, with the gradual increase in the proportion of short-distance and commuter passengers, however, as the proportion of short- distance and commuter passengers grows gradually, the commercial space in station complexes that have appeared in recent years has also failed to take into account the needs of both passengers and citizens. In this paper, based on the block layout relationship between commercial space, station access space, and urban transport space, we construct a "node-path" network of commercial space entrances and exits with high-speed rail station entrances and exits as well as urban traffic entrances and exits, analyse the correspondence between the commercial space layout pattern of the station complexes and the flow of crowds, and explore how different commercial space layout patterns influence the flow of crowds. It also discusses how different commercial space layout patterns affect the behavioural activities of the crowd. Finally, it concludes that: 1. Appropriately narrowing the distance between the commercial space and the station space of small and medium-sized passenger stations, especially placing underground space between the two, can stimulate the consumption potential of transport- oriented passengers who transfer to the underground. 2. The entrance and exit settings of the commercial space and the distribution of the flow of people are affected by the layout of the commercial space. 3. The commercial space entrances and exits related to the movement lines of underground passengers are also affected by the layout of commercial space blocks. 4. The entrances and exits of commercial spaces related to the moving lines usually have higher pedestrian flow. This study can provide new perspectives and methods for analysing the layout patterns of commercial space in station areas and offer design suggestions for improving the use of commercial space in station complexes.
Keywords: Station-city Integration; Station Complex; Commercial Space; Crowd Flow; Layout Designpublished versio
Micro-Intervention as a New Approach for Urban Regeneration in Metropolises: A Case Study in Beijing
Get PDFGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024This study examines urban regeneration in Beijing through the lens of micro-intervention strategies, in alignment with the city's 2016-2035 Master Plan. As Beijing confronts challenges of its vast population and rapid urban growth, it has adopted a sustainable development model characterised by a growth cap and a strategic emphasis on minimalistic interventions. This paper examines three exemplary cases-No. 17 Guangminglou Residence, Wangjing Walk Business District, and Langyuan Vintage Factory-to illustrate how Beijing manages growth constraints while enhancing the quality of urban life. The micro-intervention projects are analysed to demonstrate their role in promoting cultural vitality and maintaining architectural integrity without the extensive construction typically associated with urban redevelopment. This research draws upon a longitudinal collaboration with the Beijing municipal goverment, incorporating insights from over 200 case studies since 2021. It reflects on the adaptability and effectiveness of Beijing's urban strategies. The findings suggest that Beijing's approach could serve as a model for sustainable urban transformation that other global cities facing similar developmental pressures might consider. This investigation offers a comprehensive insight into the potential of targeted, small- scale interventions to drive significant enhancements in urban sustainability and liveability.
Keywords: Urban regeneration, micro-intervention, sustainable development, Beijing urban planningpublished versio
Dynamics, Mechanisms, and Benefits of Micro-Renewal in Urban Residential Areas: A Case Study of the Xiaoxihu Block in Nanjing
Get PDFGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024As urban development paradigms shift, micro-renewal focused on enhancing the built environment and fostering a sense of identity has become a transformative pathway in China's urbanization process. Residential spaces, being the most critical elements of urban structure, frequently face complex challenges in their micro-renewal efforts: the constraints on urban construction capacity limit the impetus for innovation; the lack of effective implementation mechanisms impedes the progression of regeneration; and the pursuit of short-term economic gains often traps these spaces, preventing the enhancement of comprehensive benefits. This paper employs the micro-renewal of the Xiaoxihu Block as a case study, examining the sources of renewal impetus, the mechanisms of action, and the enhancement of comprehensive benefits, with the aim of providing a feasible model for sustainable micro-renewal practices in residential settings. The research findings reveal that: (1) the driving force behind micro-renewal is the incremental value derived from the operation of existing spaces; (2) the mechanism of micro-renewal involves the full-cycle participation of multiple stakeholders in public affairs; (3) micro-renewal is a process that holistically elevates environmental, economic, and social benefits, engaging with a diverse array of stakeholders and yielding synergistic effects.
Keywords: micro-renewal, dynamics of micro-renewal, implementation mechanism, benefits of micro-renewalpublished versio
Study on Youth Friendly Urban Renewal Strategies from an Inclusive Perspective
No full textGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024With the acceleration of global urbanisation, urban renewal has gradually received attention as a key means to improve urban quality of life and optimise spatial resource allocation. However, the traditional urban renewal model focuses more on land use, construction land development intensity, and other aspects, ignoring the needs of different groups of people. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2021, the domestic youth population in China is about 448 million, accounting for about one-third of the total population. This group is an important component of cities and a key part of the city's future development. Currently, youth in urban life face problems such as the lack of urban identity, undersupply of services, and poor quality of living space. Therefore, this study takes an inclusive perspective as the entry point, taking Expo A area of Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China, as an example. Firstly, a literature review, questionnaire survey, and other methods were used to investigate the full needs of young people for public spaces. The research results found that the needs of young people for urban public spaces are mainly reflected in diversity, comfort, and publicness, which mainly reflect their needs for cultural, fitness, social and other public spaces. Afterwards, targeted and actionable youth-friendly city renewal strategies are proposed in terms of spatial optimisation, facility configuration, and business upgrading in order to enhance the sense of security, belonging, and experience of young people. It is not only beneficial for solving various challenges faced by youth in urban renewal, but it also provides feasible solutions for the sustainable development of cities and provides new ideas and methods for future urban planning and urban renewal.
Keywords: Urban Renewal, Youth, Inclusive, Public Spacepublished versio
Tirana's housing units and parking in 2024
No full textGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024Open parking spaces in residential areas of Tirana today are more concemed with finding suitable locations than merely accommodating a specific number of vehicles. This study aims to analyse the challenges associated with open parking within residential units and internal streets of the city. The construction of new residential complexes over the past 35 years has introduced changes in their design elements compared to the housing stock from the single-party system, prior to the 1990s. The objective is to identify and evaluate the issues arising from the unplanned allocation of parking spaces within the residual areas of residential units designed 40-50 years ago. Finally, it underscores the impact of these improvised parking solutions on urban living conditions and residential environments. Challenges posed by the lack of planned parking spaces, and their distribution within streets and squares of residential units are identifies by employing exploratory, comparative, quantitative, and qualitative methods of analysis. Questionnaires were conducted in the premises of the case study area, in order to get the insight of residents and users.published versio
Can care help conceptualise place futures? Exploring the potential of care as an analytical framework for understanding place qualities
No full textGame changer? Planning for just and sustainable urban regions, Paris, 8-12th July 2024This paper explores how the concept of care can structure an analytical framework for understanding place qualities. Care is burgeoning as a major concept within the humanities and social sciences. Given its growing application in planning, it is timely to reflect on what the care concept contributes to understanding places and their possible futures. Following a review of the scholarly literature, this paper proposes an analytical framework based around five characteristics of care: (1) objects of care; (2) caring actors; (3) care practices, (4) care motivations; (5) care relations. The final part of the paper reflects on the potential of the care concept for imagining possible place futures.
Keywords: Care, place, futures, analytical frameworkpublished versio