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Comprehensive vs. standard remote monitoring of cardiac resynchronization devices in heart failure patients: results of the ECOST-CRT study
No full textInternational audienceAims: Integrating remote monitoring (RM) into existing healthcare practice for heart failure (HF) patients to improve clinical outcome remains challenging. The ECOST-CRT study compared the clinical outcome of a comprehensive RM scheme including a patient questionnaire capturing signs and symptoms of HF and notifications for HF specific parameters to traditional RM in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices.Methods and results: Patients were randomized 1:1 to standard daily RM (notification for technical parameters and ventricular arrhythmias; control group) or comprehensive RM (adding a monthly symptom questionnaire and notifications for biventricular pacing, premature ventricular contraction, atrial arrhythmias; active group). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or hospitalization for worsening HF (WHF). Six hundred fifty-two patients (70.4 ± 10.3 years, 73% men, left ventricular ejection fraction 29.1 ± 7.6%, 68% CRT-Defibrillators, 32% CRT-Pacemakers) were enrolled. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an early termination of the study, so the mean follow-up duration was 18 ± 8 months. No statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint was found between the groups [59 (18.3%) control vs. 77 (23.3%) active group; log-rank test P = 0.13]. Among the secondary endpoints, the MLHF questionnaire showed a larger share of patients with improvement of quality of life compared to baseline in the active group (78%) vs. control (61%; P = 0.03).Conclusion: The study does not support the notion that comprehensive RM, when compared to standard RM, in HF patients with CRT improves the clinical outcome of all-cause mortality or WHF hospitalizations. However, this study was underpowered due to an early termination and further trials are required.Registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03012490
Improved generality of wheat green LAI models through mitigation of the effect of leaf chlorophyll content variation with red edge vegetation indices
No full textInternational audienceThe retrieval of wheat green leaf area index (LAIG) from satellite imagery is critical for monitoring crop growth and assessing food security. Numerous vegetation indices (VIs) derived from spectral reflectance have been widely used to estimate LAIG. In particular, red edge VIs can mitigate the confounding effect of multiple factors, such as the soil background and leaf inclination angle variation, and typically are highly correlated with LAIG. However, their relationship to LAIG tends to be affected by variations in leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), because the position of the red edge of vegetation spectra shifts with changes in LCC. This issue directly limits the operational use of VI-LAIG models, especially those employing red-edge bands. Therefore, to reduce the sensitivity of VI-LAIG relationships to LCC variation, this study proposed an innovative approach, called the Difference Combination between Spectral Indices (DCSI). Using synthetic data simulated with the PROSAIL radiative transfer model, we tested the dependence of the algebraic difference between common VIs on LCC. The results show that many combinations of VIs are insensitive to LCC variation. The newly developed DCSI combination between the Sentinel-2 red edge position (S2REP) and B6-red edge band (RE2) (i.e., DCSI(S2REP&RE2)), produces the most accurate LAIG model when LCC varies. We also modified the constant of this DCSI combination, to develop the Sentinel-2 modified red edge position (S2MREP) for LAIG retrievals. In comparison to traditional VI-LAIG models, the S2MREP-LAIG model has higher accuracy, with Rcal2 of 0.76 in calibration, and in validation Rval2 of 0.72 and RRMSE of 23.61 %. In addition, the S2MREP-LAIG model (RRMSE=28.64 %) also outperforms the existing Sentinel-2 LAI product (RRMSE=38.20 %) in the retrieval of wheat LAIG. In summary, the proposed DCSI approach and S2MREP effectively mitigate the impact of LCC variations on LAIG retrievals, thus facilitating the large-scale retrieval of LAIG and the spatial mapping of wheat LA
Chercheurs invités, avec Laure Laref, à intégrer un groupe de recherche universitaire et interdisciplinaire (ss dir. Y. Bruna et Beatriz Collantes, MCF à l’Université de Paris-Nanterre) ayant pour thématique La surveillance, singulièrement la surveillance des corps. Les résultats produits dans le cadre de ce projet feront l’objet de rapports, d’articles scientifiques, d’un colloque, etc. Projet soutenu (SCORN) dans le cadre de l'Appel à projets interdisciplinaires« Faire à plusieurs, 2024 », Maison des sciences humaines et sociales MSH Mondes/CNRS, 2024
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« La filiation face aux discriminations liées au sexe et au genre »
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Biomonitoring of elements airborne pollution in European Mediterranean region by two Tillandsia species
No full textInternational audienceTillandsia genus belongs to the Bromeliaceae family plants and some species display active or passive biomonitoring capacities in their natural habitat as it has been described mostly in the American continent. However, Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisiel.) Desf. and Tillandsia bergeri Mez have never been studied for their metal air pollution biomonitor potential. A recent study conducted in our laboratory brought to light the maximum capacity of elements bioconcentration into these two species leaves. The aim of the present study is to determine if T. aeranthos and T. bergeri acclimated to Southern/European region are good biomonitors for airborne elements pollution. Twelve elements were chosen to evaluate the biomonitoring potential (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti and Zn). After sampling, the content of the twelve elements in leaves was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Data sets were treated according to sampling sites by box plots over time and Principal Component Analysis. The results showed differences between the two species, with T. bergeri possessing a higher capacity in accumulating elements than T. aeranthos. Fe, Zn and Co showed a higher contribution in the accumulation process in the two Tillandsia species leading to the hypothesis of a good affinity of the two species with these elements. Values obtained for five elements (As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) were compared with values recorded by a monitoring station close to sampling sites showing the efficiency of these two Tillandsia species as biomonitors. High Co accumulation rates obtained in both Tillandsia species were particularly intriguing but could not be rationalized as this metal is not currently monitored by air pollution station in this region. T. aeranthos and T. bergeri proved their efficiency for the biomonitoring of elements air pollution, especially for Co, Fe and Zn
Influence de la quantité de verre résiduel et la microstructure des vitrocéramiques polaires piézoélectriques sur la propagation des ondes acoustiques de surface (SAW)
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Discrete-Element Method Study of the Effect of Ballast Layer Depth on the Performance of Railway Ballast Bed
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An Intellectual Review: History and Historiography of Science and Technology in the Renaissance
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IA, autonomisation des machines et théologie
No full textInternational audienceLes discours entendus face à la montée de l’intelligence artificielle et de ses usages, ainsi que les préoccupations qu’ils révèlent, nous orientent spontanément vers une question relative à des performances cognitives implémentées dans des machines qui les ferait aussi intelligentes que nous, si ce n’est nous dépassant. Nous voyons donc une sorte de compétition à l’œuvre, qui se ressource à des présupposés à l’égard de la performance et d’une certaine possession de la puissance. Après avoir exploré les limites de ce scénario, nous suggérerons qu’une herméneutique de la nature peut se déceler dans le projet même de la science. Mais surtout, nous voudrions montrer que, théologiquement, un déplacement est sans doute nécessaire qui nous fasse apprécier davantage un vieux problème, très peu discuté sur le sujet, qui voudrait que l’homme, à l’égal de Dieu, soit capable de reproduire son image. Ce sont les conséquences de ce mythe ou obéit ou enfreint qui seront déterminantes au terme