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Price elasticity of housing supply in France: a multi-level estimation
No full textInternational audienc
Ambiguity Attitudes and Willingness to Pay for Climate Mitigation
No full textAmbiguity attitudes, which refer to differences between decisions under risk (known probabilities) and uncertainty (unknown probabilities), are well-established in behavioral economics. Their implications have been increasingly recognized in environmental and climate change economics. However, most discussions about ambiguity in this domain have so far been confined to theoretical applications in normative climate policy analysis. Notably, there has been a lack of descriptive investigations into climate-related ambiguity attitudes, despite their potential relevance for understanding voluntary climate action and climate policy acceptance. The current study addresses this open empirical question by analyzing ambiguity attitudes in the climate context and exploring their link with willingness to pay (WTP) for climate change mitigation. We show that notwithstanding the normative arguments for higher mitigation effort under ambiguity aversion, the effect of ambiguity on people's preferred levels of mitigation may be in the opposite direction, suggesting a potential discrepancy between the prescribed and the publicly acceptable levels of mitigation effort
Evidence-Based Data Fusion for Robust Autonomous Vehicle Perception
No full textInternational audienc
ECHO: An Explainable Cooperative Highway Operator for Human-Centric ADAS
No full textInternational audienceECHO is a next-generation advanced driverassistance system (ADAS) that integrates multi-modal perception, cooperative V2X communication, and an agentic large language model (LLM) for explainable, human-centric support. Unlike traditional ADAS, ECHO does not directly control the vehicle but interprets real-time data from sensors, infrastructure, and driver state, producing transparent natural language guidance and standardized V2X intent messages. Extensive evaluation in both simulation and real-world settings shows that ECHO reduces reaction times to V2X events by over 40 %, decreases near-miss incidents by 60 %, and significantly enhances cooperative maneuver success compared to conventional ADAS. These results demonstrate the potential of agentic, explainable AI to advance connected mobility with improved safety, trust, and driver engagement
Robust PSO‐Optimized Power Control for Stand‐Alone Variable‐Speed DFIG Wind‐Based High Stability and Power Quality Enhancement: Hardware Investigation‐Based dSPACE1103
No full textInternational audienceWind energy conversion systems (WECSs) operating in stand‐alone mode are increasingly recognized as a promising solution for delivering reliable renewable electricity in remote areas. However, their performance is often hindered by sudden wind speed fluctuations and parameter variations, which can compromise both stability and power quality. To address these challenges, this article presents a hardware implementation study of a direct power control (DPC) strategy applied to a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in variable‐speed WECSs. The proposed approach introduces a robust integral–proportional (IP) regulator for the rotor‐side converter (RSC), with its gains optimally tuned using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Control is performed through the direct and quadrature axis components of the rotor current using a back‐to‐back alternating current–direct current–alternating current converter. The methodology involves both simulation and real‐time implementation using the dSPACE dS1103 board, with system validation under subsynchronous and supersynchronous operating conditions. A Bode‐plot analysis is employed to compare the stability margins and response times of conventional and PSO‐optimized control schemes. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy ensures high stability, accurate reference tracking, and effective decoupling of active and reactive power, even under sudden wind speed variations. Moreover, it achieves superior dynamic responses, shorter settling times, and significantly reduced power errors, thereby confirming its suitability for enhancing the performance and reliability of stand‐alone wind energy systems
Abertura e Fechamento: A inteligência artificial explicável e a Mentalidade Técnica de Simondon
No full textInternational audienceNearly seventy years ago, Gilbert Simondon introduced a transformative perspective on the relationship between technology and culture, emphasizing the need for a “technical mentality” arising from a renewed awareness of and engagement with technical objects. This article revisits the notions of technical object, technical mentality and open machine, in order to analyze explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Our central question is: under what conditions can XAI be conducive to a technical culture? It is argued that XAI may contain an embryo of technical openness applied to algorithmic systems, fostering greater proximity and dialogue with humans as mediators of technical activity. However, XAI also embeds the tensions between openness and closure that characterize digital technology: while it may enable greater human understanding and intervention, it can also enhance elements of opacity and automatism. It is concluded that XAI has the potential to assist in promoting a broader and more participatory technical culture, conditional on integrating technology into human culture in a reflective and critical manner, provided that, as with any technical deployment, the ethical and structural challenges it entails are taken into account at its conception and not after the fact.Il y a près de soixante-dix ans, Gilbert Simondon a introduit une perspective novatrice sur la relation entre technologie et culture, en soulignant la nécessité d'une « mentalité technique » issue d'une prise de conscience et d'un engagement renouvelés envers les objets techniques. Cet article revisite les notions d'objet technique, de mentalité technique et de machine ouverte afin d'analyser l'intelligence artificielle explicable (IAX). Notre question centrale est la suivante : à quelles conditions l'IAX peut-elle favoriser une culture technique ? Nous soutenons que l'IAX peut receler un germe d'ouverture technique appliqué aux systèmes algorithmiques, encourageant une plus grande proximité et un dialogue accru avec les humains en tant que médiateurs de l'activité technique. Cependant, l'IAX porte également en elle les tensions entre ouverture et fermeture qui caractérisent la technologie numérique : si elle peut permettre une meilleure compréhension et une intervention humaine accrue, elle peut aussi renforcer l'opacité et l'automatisme. Il est conclu que l'IA explicable a le potentiel de contribuer à promouvoir une culture technique plus large et plus participative, à condition d'intégrer la technologie dans la culture humaine de manière réflexive et critique, pourvu que, comme pour tout déploiement technique, les défis éthiques et structurels qu'elle implique soient pris en compte dès sa conception et non après coup
Analyzing student engagement: a case study of active learning in two biology courses from a three-point perspective
No full textInternational audienceActive learning is being encouraged in higher education as alternatives to a lecture-based approach. This study investigates the impact of active learning on student engagement across the three-dimensional construct (emotional, behavioral, cognitive). A mixed-methods design was employed with data drawn from four cohorts of undergraduate biology students (n = 131) from two biology courses at a French university that use active learning as an instructional approach. Engagement was analyzed through a three-point perspective: non-participant observation (timeline analysis), teacher interviews, and student questionnaires including open-ended questions. Results showed that students reported higher motivation and collaboration; the teachers expressed satisfaction with the instructional approach and the level of interaction during the sessions; and the timeline analysis revealed sustained engagement throughout class sessions. Findings indicated that triangulating these perspectives provided valuable insights into how active learning fosters student engagement. Future research should investigate the use of different measuring tools when it comes to active learning approaches to teaching at the university level
Y a-t-il une vulnérabilité associée aux ressources biologiques ? La question de la gouvernance économique des biobanques
No full textInternational audienc
Co-Integration of High-Frequency Devices on Epitaxial ScAlN for Tunable RF SAW Filters
No full textInternational audienceWith the rise of 6G and growing data demands, high performance materials for RF components are essential. Scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) offers a promising barrier layer for next-generation high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), providing enhanced carrier density. This piezoelectric material, with high electromechanical coupling coefficients (K²), is also a strong candidate for surface acoustic wave (SAW) filtering applications, particularly in the 1-10 GHz range, due to high SAW velocities. We demonstrate the monolithic integration of ScAlN/GaN HEMTs with interdigital transducers (IDTs), highlighting the potential of this material system for high-performance RF applications
