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Effect of scallop shell powder addition on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) based on recycled aggregates
No full textInternational audienc
Modelling the finite deformation of thermoplastic polymers via hyperinelasticity, Part II: An amorphous polymer with varying rubber content-, rate- and temperature-dependency
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A high-accuracy CFD-based correlation for single-phase turbulent flow in axial multi-tube heat exchangers
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Aux Merveilleux de Fred: Spreading French Patisserie Know-How Abroad
No full textInternational audienceFrédéric Vaucamps, a French pastry chef, founded Aux Merveilleux de Fred in 1997 by revamping a classic, traditional pastry, and turning it into a genuine concept. Since 2009, the brand had expanded into prestigious cities across Europe (Berlin, London) and around the world (New York, Tokyo, Shanghai). In each country, the same core products were on offer with the same flavour, representing the epitome of French elegance. The aim was for every customer - whether in Toronto, London or Lille - to find the same quality and same magical taste of this must-have inimitable dessert made right before your eyes. Vaucamps had expanded internationally using co-ownership as a business model, but he was contemplating using a traditional franchising model to develop in other cities in the United-States. This case discusses choice of international market entry modes, focusing on co-ownership and franchising intermediary modes
Bioaccessibilité des métaux/métalloïdes dans les sols : un indicateur pertinent en santé-environnement
No full textInternational audienceLa bioaccessibilité orale simulant la digestion humaine est un outil de plus en plus utilisé et reconnu pour affiner l’exposition de l’Homme aux éléments métalliques en lien avec l’ingestion de particules de sol [1]. Le test in vitro normé UBM (ISO 17924:2019 [2]) est recommandé dans la méthodologie nationale de gestion des sites et sols pollués, actuellement validé in vivo/in vitro pour As, Cd et Pb. Pour As, la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS ; [3]) recommande de dépister les populations dès lors que la concentration en As bioaccessible est supérieure à 25 mg/kg. Deux études illustrent la pertinence de la bioaccessibilité comme indicateur santé-environnement. La première visait à réaliser une étude statistique de la distribution en As bioaccessible à l’échelle nationale en considérant les sols du RMQS. Ainsi, sur les 353 échantillons considérés, à une exception près, les concentrations bioaccessibles sont inférieures à la valeur seuil de 25 mg/kg, avec une bioaccessibilité moyenne inférieure à 10 %. La seconde étude visait à élargir la portée du test UBM à d’autres éléments métalliques, notamment Cr et Ni. Leur bioaccessibilité montre des valeurs moyennes relativement faibles (< 10 % pour Cr et < 20 % pour Ni), indiquant qu’une part importante de la concentration totale de ces éléments est retenue dans le sol et peu disponible lors de la digestion. Ces résultats, très prometteurs, montrent l’intérêt de prendre en compte ce paramètre dans l’évaluation des risques sanitaires, mais sa validation est nécessaire au préalable par l’essai de biodisponibilité, réalisé sur un modèle porcelet
Co-Effect of pH Control Agent and pH Value on the Physical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Obtained by Chemical Bath Deposition for Potential Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents the influence of pH control agents and pH value on the physical properties of ZnO thin films obtained by chemical bath deposition. ZnO thin films were synthesized on glass substrates using precursor solutions of different pHs prepared from two bases: sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3). The effect of pH values on the morphological, structural, and optical properties of ZnO thin films was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD results showed that all the synthesized ZnO thin films are polycrystalline and crystallize in a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size, calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula, varied from 10.50 nm to 11.69 nm for ZnO thin films obtained with NH3 and from 20.79 nm to 27.76 nm for those obtained with NaOH. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups. SEM images indicated that not only the base but also the pH affects the morphology of the films, giving rise to different granular shapes. Overall, the ZnO thin films obtained with NaOH looked more mesoporous compared to those obtained with NH3. Optical characterization results showed that whatever the base used, the pH of the precursor solution affected the ZnO thin film transmittance. Films synthesized with NH 3 exhibited the best transmittance (80%) at pH 8.5, while the best transmittance (81%) of films synthesized with NaOH was obtained at pH 8 in the visible region. Based on optical and morphological properties, ZnO films obtained from NH3 at pH 8.5 are found to be more suitable as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Integration of Millimeter-Wave Air Filled Cavities and Filters Using Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
No full textInternational audienceThis work is a step towards the 3D integration of millimeter-wave and THz circuits and subsystems with a nano-packaging technology using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). In doing so, we have developed and optimized a fabrication process based on a low temperature transfer of VACNT, allowing to successfully implement millimeter-wave air filled cavities and filters towards 75 GHz. The circuits were designed and optimized using a finite element modeling tool. We particularly studied the impact of the VACNT density, which allowed to bridge the gap between device design and fabrication. The measured insertion loss values for the cavity and the filter are 3.78 dB and 4.38 dB, respectively. These experimental values obtained are in excellent agreement with the calculated ones, which paves the way for the 3D integration of more complex and higher frequency functions using this vertically aligned carbon nanotube technology
Power of two fine-tuning for patient-specific cardiac arrhythmia recognition
No full textInternational audienceDeep learning is one of the main solution in cardiac arrhythmia classifier for its excellent performances. Research aims to embed these classifiers as near as possible from the sensors to process the data in real time and get ride of the wireless communication drawbacks. This work investigates the performance of a hardware-friendly quantified learning framework that addresses the issue of data confidentiality. It achieves the same performance than the state of the arts without data augmentation. It is also compatible with fine-tuning increasing the state of the art performances by up to 11 points with a model ×25000 smaller.</div
Continuum vs thermodynamical limit in Statistical Mechanics
No full textInternational audienceDetermining the limiting behavior of discrete systems with a large number of particles in Statistical Mechanics is crucial for developing accurate analytic models, especially when addressing multistability and multiscale effects. Typically, one considers the so called thermodynamical limit or the continuum limit. The guiding principle for selecting the correct limit is to preserve essential properties of the discrete system, including physical attributes such as the interplay between enthalpic and entropic contributions, the influence of boundary conditions, and possible other energetic contributions such as interface effects. In this sense, an important role is played by the fundamental constants. Selecting appropriate rescaling factors for the Planck and Boltzmann constants, according to the specific limit considered, is a key theoretical concern. Despite the importance of this problem, the existing literature often lacks clarity on how different rescalings affect model accuracy. This work aims to clarify these issues by examining classical lattice models -particularly those that exhibit multistable behavior -and by proposing suitable limit rescalings to retain the discrete model's material response when the number of particles increases.</div