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Étienne Fouilloux, Brève histoire de la Paroisse universitaire (1910-1963), Lyon, LARHRA, « Chrétiens et Sociétés – Documents et Mémoires » 54, 2024, 102 p., 12 €
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Rechercher la vérité entre amis ? L’Église catholique face à l’altérité religieuse, de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours.: Jalons pour une histoire du dialogue interreligieux
No full textInternational audienceRéagissant au déchaînement de violence de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la philosophie a réfléchi dès le milieu des années 1940 aux meilleurs moyens de prévenir le retour des haines meurtrières. Chez Jaspers, Ricoeur, Lacroix, Weil et d’autres, le mot « dialogue » a commencé à désigner cette attitude qui tourne le dos à la violence en acte. Des chrétiens se sont emparés du terme pour désigner une nouvelle forme de relation avec l’Autre, au sein d’abord de l’œcuménisme, puis après le concile Vatican II au sein des relations interreligieuses. Notre article montrera de quelle manière la question des relations entre amitié et vérité se pose dans le cadre de ces relations interreligieuses
Selective area molecular beam epitaxy of InSb on InP(111) : from thin films to quantum nanostructures
No full textInternational audienceInSb is a material of choice for infrared as well as spintronic devices but its integration on large lattice mismatched semi-insulating III–V substrates has so far altered its exceptional properties. Here, we investigate the direct growth of InSb on InP(111) B substrates with molecular beam epitaxy. Despite the lack of a thick metamorphic buffer layer for accommodation, we show that quasi-continuous thin films can be grown using a very high Sb/In flux ratio. The quality of the films is further studied with Hall measurements on large-scale devices to assess the impact of the InSb surface and InSb/InP interface on the electronic properties. Taking advantage of the optimized growth conditions for the formation of thin films, the selective area molecular beam epitaxial growth of nanostructures is subsequently investigated. Based on cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy in the middle-wave infrared, ultra-thin and very long in-plane InSb nanowires as well as more complex nanostructures such as nano-rings and crosses are achieved with a good structural quality
P1272 Spatio-temporal distribution of IBD incidence at a territorial level in northern France using the EPIMAD registry (2000-2017): analysis of environmental determinants suggests influence of agricultural practices.
No full textInternational audienceBackground Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) with complex and multifactorial etiologies. Genetic factors have been identified but cannot fully account for disease incidence. Spatial heterogeneity in IBD incidence has been reported across various countries and scales, suggesting a significant influence of environmental factors. Leveraging the population-based EPIMAD registry in northern France (6 million inhabitants), this study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of CD and UC incidence and identify potential environmental risk factors at a territorial level. Methods This ecological study was conducted at the municipal level across 3,041 municipalities within the EPIMAD registry's area for the period 2000-2017. Incident cases included 9,019 CD and 5,789 UC patients. Spatio-temporal age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios were modeled using Bayesian hierarchical models. An inventory of open-access environmental data sources identified 128 datasets, 19 of which were selected to generate 112 indicators at the municipal level. These indicators included contamination levels (air, water, soil), proximity to emission sources (e.g., industrial sites), land use, agricultural practices, natural features, and climate. Ecological regressions were used to explore associations between environmental indicators and incidence. Results Significant spatial disparities in CD and UC incidence were observed, remaining stable over time (Figure 1). For both CD and UC, associations were found with certain types of crops (e.g., sugar beets, barley, wheat, flax, and potatoes) and several metals in soil (e.g., molybdenum, nickel). Associations were more pronounced for CD, including strong links with pesticide use indicators (growth regulators, herbicides, fungicides) and soil contamination by other metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and thallium. For UC, a unique association was observed with soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while no significant association with pesticide use was found. Conclusion These findings highlight a relationship between IBD incidence and agricultural practices, providing new insights to the existing literature. Multivariate approaches should be employed to better describe environmental exposure profiles. Additionally, individual-level epidemiological studies are needed to confirm and expand upon these results
Afriques, idées reçues sur un continent composite
No full textInternational audienceParler de l’Afrique plutôt que des Afriques, d’une Afrique « maudite » et hors du temps, est la première des idées reçues. Une idée reçue primordiale de laquelle découlent de nombreuses autres étayées par un discours déterministe, voire essentialiste, sur la démographie, la politique, l’économie, les conflits… parfois partagés par les Africains eux-mêmes.L’Afrique serait ainsi surpeuplée, d’une économie rudimentaire, en proie à l’islam radical, minée par les épidémies. Les guerres ethniques mettraient le continent à feu et à sang, ses pays à la merci de potentats et des appétits des puissances étrangères.À rebours de ces discours qui empêchent de voir les Afriques dans toute leur diversité, Sonia Le Gouriellec montre combien les acteurs politiques du continent s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques qui s’éloignent des représentations usées d’une Afrique victimisée et chaotique. Elle nous invite à mieux comprendre le continent comme celui de lieux d’échanges, de transformations et d’interactions, plutôt que de domination à sens unique, avec le reste du monde
Phenomena, Ideas and Mechanisms. Introducing the Essays in the History of Physics and Mathematics
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Chalcogenide nano-optomechanical phase change metasurface
No full textInternational audienceTuning any mechanical resonator like a guitar string requires continuous force and energy. Phase change chalcogenide semiconductors can provide non-volatile switching of mechanical and optical properties with phase transition. Here, we demonstrate a new class of reconfigurable nano-optomechanical meta surfaces exploiting the non-volatile mechanical and optical properties of phase change materials. The eigenfrequency of a micro-/nano- mechanical resonator depends on the physical properties of materials and interactions with external forces. Tunable resonators can adjust its frequency quickly and continuously to lock into a signal by external stimuli. However, the external stimuli need to be applied continuously to maintain the change. Here, we demonstrate reconfigurable nano-optomechanical metasurfaces that can be non-volatilely tuned using optically/electrically induced phase transitions in the chalcogenide alloy, Ge2Sb2Te5[1]. The platform utilizes the mechanical properties of phase change material by employing an opto-nanomechanical metasurface based on π-shape gold resonators operating at λ = 1310nm with an unstructured phase change layer on the opposing side of a silicon nitride membrane of nanoscale thickness to ensure interaction between the two functional layers in the device. The device was fabricated by sputter deposition of 50nm gold and the other side with 50nm Ge2Sb2Te5 on the 50 nm thick silicon nitride membrane and ion beam milling, Fig. 1a inset. The transmission modulation depth at the probe wavelength, 1310 nm, is 47% between the amorphous and crystalline phase states of GST, shown in Fig. 1a. The non-volatile mechanical frequency shifts of 22% with GST thickness were calculated from the changes of the stress and Young's modulus difference between amorphous (18.9GPa) and crystalline phase (38.2Gpa), shown in Fig1b. We expect to achieve extremely fast (nanosecond), ultralow power (pico-Joules) non-volatile, optomechanical tunability through nanoscale phase transition. This research presents opportunities for developing non-volatile and energy efficient actuators and adaptable sensors