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Appréhender le rapport aux politiques publiques liées à l’environnement et à la mobilité via le concept de légitimité perçue : Intérêts pour le changement d’attitudes et de comportements
No full textLa légitimité perçue des politiques publiques constitue un déterminant central de leur acceptation et de leur respect. Ce travail en cours s’intéresse à la manière dont les individus mobilisent différentes dimensions de la légitimité dans leurs discours de soutien ou d’opposition à des mesures liées à l’environnement et aux mobilités (ZFE, piétonnisation, stationnement, pistes cyclables, radars, limitations de vitesse, etc.).L’étude repose sur la constitution d’un corpus de publications et de commentaires Facebook issus de médias nationaux et de grandes villes françaises. L’objectif est d’identifier, à travers une analyse de contenu fondée sur une grille théorique préalablement définie, les dimensions de la légitimité mobilisées dans les argumentations — efficacité perçue, efficience, équité, alignement moral — ainsi que leur articulation avec les positions exprimées.La présentation expose l’état d’avancement des réflexions théoriques et méthodologiques, notamment les choix relatifs à la constitution du corpus, au codage des commentaires et à l’usage de modèles de langage (LLM) comme outils d’assistance à l’analyse
Quelle éthique pour la recherche en pédagogie des sciences de la santé ?
No full textInternational audienceThe Société internationale francophone d’éducation médicale provides its members with a research ethics committee. In this article, the members of this committee present their expectations and their organization. After reviewing the evolution of research ethics and questioning current issues of social responsibility in research in a context of funded research and competitiveness in the professional research environment, the assessors on this ethics committee share their reflective analysis and their positioning with regard to the objectives they wish to set in terms of research integrity and ethics, particularly in health sciences education. They aspire to go beyond scientific integrity to support the researchers who submit a research project to them. The submission of a research project to the ethics committee of the Société internationale francophone d’éducation médicale is thus explained. The authors also invite readers to be critical and committed to health sciences ethics.La Société internationale francophone d’éducation médicale met à disposition de ses membres un Comité d’éthique de la recherche. Les évaluateurs composant ce Comité d’éthique présentent dans cet article leurs attendus et leur organisation. Après un rappel de l’évolution de l’éthique de la recherche et un questionnement sur les enjeux actuels de responsabilité sociale en recherche dans un contexte de recherches financées et de compétitivité dans le milieu professionnel de la recherche, les évaluateurs de ce Comité d’éthique partagent leur analyse réflexive et leur positionnement quant aux objectifs qu’ils souhaitent fixer en termes d’intégrité et d’éthique de la recherche notamment en pédagogie des sciences de la santé. Ils aspirent à accompagner au-delà de l’intégrité scientifique les chercheurs qui leur soumettent un projet. Le processus de soumission d’un projet de recherche auprès du Comité d’éthique de la société internationale francophone d’éducation médicale est ainsi explicité. Les auteurs invitent également les lecteurs à être critiques et engagés en éthique des sciences de la santé.IntroductionL’évolution de l’éthique de la recherche en santé : de la conscience à la réglementationEnjeux et défis de l’intégration de l’éthique dans les pratiques de recherche en pédagogie en santéProcessus de soumission d’un protocole de recherche auprès du CER de la SIFEM et organisation de l’expertisePerspectives et orientations stratégiques pour un Comité d’éthique de la recherche adapté en pédagogie des sciences de la santé -- -- Faire de l’éthique un pivot réflexif -- -- Intégrer les nouveaux visages de la vulnérabilité en recherche -- -- L’accompagnement pédagogique et réflexif des chercheursConclusion</b
Balancing the books: Immigration and local finances in France
No full textInternational audienceThis paper studies the effect of immigration on local public finances in France, combining population census data with municipal budget accounts over the period 2007–2017. To address the endogeneity of immigrants’ location choices, I use an instrumental variables strategy based on historical settlement patterns by skill and nationality groups. The results show that immigration has a positive effect on per capita operating net revenues, as well as on both operating revenues and expenditures. Over the period under study, the immigrant share increased on average by 1.38 percentage points, from 8.63% to 10.00%, implying an estimated increase of 2.53% in total operating revenues per capita and 2.45% in total operating expenditures per capita. Immigration is also associated with higher investment activity. Overall, municipalities are able to maintain budgetary balance. Although migration is associated with higher debt levels, improvements in liquidity and self-financing capacity suggest that migration contributes to an expansion of local fiscal capacity
Engaging Students Through Hybrid Learning Using an Innovative Instructional Approach: A case study from a French university
No full textInternational audienceThe Coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected higher education in terms of teaching and learning. Due to this crisis, academic institutions have had to navigate through different learning environments to continue educating their students. Hybridization, a combination of experiential in-class and online learning, was a way to dissolve these dichotomies. This chapter draws upon a method of hybrid learning which encompasses student-centered instructional approaches, collaborative group work, and assessment for evaluation and skill development. This case study, based in the north of France, focuses on an innovative instructional approach that uses hybridization in light of the pandemic to engage students. Through observations and student feedback collected before and after the pandemic, students have expressed their interest as well as discontent with this method. Strengths include an appreciation of the interaction and exchanges with the teacher and their peers, whereas weaknesses consist of dissatisfaction regarding the composition of group members and the vast amount of work required. This case study provides valuable insight to those who are interested in hybridization in the hope of engaging and motivating students to learn and those who face similar difficulties in a time of crisis that compromises teaching and learning in higher education
Sustainable building mineral foam insulation: mix design and performance analysis of a low-carbon formulation
No full textInternational audienc
Impact of iodine-induced nonplanarity on the vibrational and electronic properties of a triphenylene derivative: A combined experimental and DFT study
No full textInternational audienceWe present a molecular study combining Raman, infrared, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate triphenylene and its iodinated derivative, 1,5,9-triiodotriphenylene. The results provide a detailed comparison of their vibrational and electronic properties, revealing how iodine substitution affects molecular geometry and electronic structure. Iodination induces nonplanarity in the molecular backbone, leading to shifts in vibrational frequencies as well as modifications of π–π* transitions in the UV-visible spectra. Complementary analyses of natural bond orbitals, polarizabilities, and Hirshfeld surfaces further elucidate electronic delocalization and intermolecular interactions. These findings could enable the rational design of triphenylene-based precursors optimized for on-surface reactions, facilitating controlled formation of nanocarbon architectures with tailored structural and electronic properties
Kinematic and power analysis of a flapping-wing micro air vehicle using a Bond Graph approach
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Over the past few decades, the remarkable flight capabilities of insects have inspired extensive research into the development of flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). One of the primary challenges in this endeavor lies in navigating the vast spectrum of insect-inspired design options to determine a configuration that satisfies performance criteria. This study addresses that challenge by introducing a comprehensive analytical framework designed to assess both the motion and power characteristics of a resonant micro aerial vehicle equipped with flapping wings. Central to the investigation is the evaluation of its aerodynamic efficiency. The proposed modeling approach is based on the Bond Graph methodology, which facilitates the integration and simulation of energy transfers across multiple physical domains. The prototype in question leverages flapping and rotational wing motions to emulate the complex movement patterns observed in insect flight. Simulation results, informed by experimental data, exhibit strong agreement with observed wing dynamics, thereby validating the model’s effectiveness in capturing realistic kinematic behavior
Delegation and Resistance: Intendants and the Centralization of the French State
No full textOver the seventeenth century, France relied mainly on private agents to build its state capacity but it shifted gradually to public agents, the intendants. We document this centralization process. The intendants' appointment occurred at different times across the country. Their alternating arrivals and departures in the généralités created sequences of presence and vacancy that our empirical strategy leverages. Using an original panel dataset, we identify a causal effect of the intendants' presence on tax revenues, tax and food riots. Before the 1635 Edict that permanently installed them, they operated occasional missions. They turned to be effective immediately-increasing tax revenues-but only in the pays d'états, provinces that kept the privilege to negotiate on taxation. Under Richelieu and Mazarin governments, from 1635 to 1660, they resisted as the intendants' presence triggered a decrease in tax revenues. In the less autonomous provinces, the pays d'élections, the intendants' presence led tax revenues to increase but it caused tax riots. Finally, the institution reached its maturity under Colbert and his successors: tax revenues increased sharply everywhere but so did tax riots. Moreover, the regulations taken by the intendants were insufficient to cope with food riots
Spectral colour changes: a promising parameter for smart flax dew retting monitoring solutions
No full textInternational audienceNatural fibres from plants such as flax (Linum usitatissimum) are gaining interest as possible green replacements of synthetic fibres to reduce textile pollution footprints. However, the extraction-facilitating process of bast fibres from the flax stem, i.e. dew retting, is still empirically evaluated, resulting in either over or under retted fibre, both of which decrease the resulting fibre quality and introduce batch variability. There is currently no in-the-field device available to help farmers to monitor and manage flax dew retting. Flax growers generally use a ‘Fried-test’ or ‘organoleptic’ evaluations to define dew retting progression. In this study, we have measured this stem surface colour change using a spectrophotometer. Spectra in 400 to 700 nm range were acquired during 3 retting periods, carried out in different retting years, involving 4 fields in total. Cluster analysis of spectra revealed four distinct stages of retting which we termed: beginning, early, middle and advanced. Moreover, by the use of a statistical pipeline including PCA and PLS-DA we established that measurements of only four selected wavelengths (480, 490, 600, and 610 nm) are sufficient to predict the retting stage with a high degree of confidence. This work paves the way for the future development of colour sensors, which could be mounted on drones. Such onboard sensors would provide farmers with a practical tool to identify the optimal moment to end retting