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Topological Data Analysis for fault classification on transmission lines
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a novel method for fault classification on transmission lines through a hybrid model combining Topological Data Analysis and unsupervised Machine Learning. Through persistent homology, signal topological signatures are extracted from each current’s phase and residual current. The spatial properties of the signatures are then fed to a K-means clustering algorithm for fault classification. The method produces accurate and consistent results across a variety of fault records, even when tested under diverse parameterized faults and noise intensities. To investigate further, the model is applied to field records of the French transmission operator RTE (Réseau de Transport d’Electricité) without any parametrization or prior training. The accuracy reflects the generalization abilities of the approach
Harcèlement sexuel assimilé et pression : sans gravité, pas d'infraction, obs. Cass., crim., 7 mai 2025, n° 24-83.446, AJ pén. 2025, p. 408
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‘Catch and Release’ Polymeric Fibers: Versatile Interfaces for Engineering Reversible Platforms for Biomolecular Immobilization and Antibacterial Coatings
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Stimuli‐responsive polymeric fibers have emerged as an indispensable material for numerous biomedical applications. Strategies to conjugate functional molecules with high specificity onto these nanofibers are vital to tailor these materials for specific applications. When the functionalization is reversible, these materials can serve as a ‘catch and release’ platform, which widens their applicability. Herein, polymeric fibers with an average diameter of about 237 ± 44 nm, amenable to reversible conjugation, are fabricated using electrospinning. The thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction is employed to functionalize the electrospun fibers with thiol‐containing functional molecules ranging from fluorescent dyes to bioactive ligands for protein immobilization. It is demonstrated that the linked (bio)molecules can be efficiently released in the presence of a thiol‐containing reducing agent. Specifically, pyridyl disulfide (PDS)‐containing copolymers are synthesized using a thiol‐reactive PDS‐based monomer, methyl methacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, where the monomers enable thiol‐based specific functionalization, stable fiber formation, and anti‐biofouling characteristics, respectively. After demonstrating efficient functionalization and release using fluorescent dyes and bioactive ligands, these fibers are conjugated with a thiol‐containing cationic antibacterial peptide. It is demonstrated that the released peptide preserves its antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria as well as biofilms. One can envision that the facile fabrication, efficient functionalization, and on‐demand release attribute of these reversibly functionalizable polymeric fibers disclosed here would be attractive platforms for a wide range of biomedical applications
Identification of fishes by their otoliths in 3D: English Channel and North Sea
No full textInternational audienceThe otolith, a calcified structure in the inner ear of fish, evolves throughout the life of an individual and is generally used to estimate the age of the fish. So how do we analyse this tiny mineral particle, and what does it tell us about each species of fish? This book provides a description and three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the otolith shapes of the main commercial fish species in the English Channel and North Sea. This innovative approach, facilitated by the use of an X-ray microtomograph, makes it possible to specify otolith characteristics, differentiate fish populations and to locate them geographically. Flatfish such as sole, dab, plaice and turbot, and roundfish from herring to haddock and gurnard: for each species, five individuals representative of the size range sampled in the marine environment were selected and their otolith shape described. This guide is an invaluable resource for fisheries science, offering researchers, professionals and technicians a new way of refining their knowledge of Channel and North Sea Species and individuals.L’otolithe, pièce calcifiée dans l’oreille interne des poissons, évolue tout au long de la vie des individus et est généralement utilisé pour estimer leur âge. Comment alors analyser cette minuscule particule minérale et que nous dit-elle de chaque espèce de poisson ? Cet ouvrage propose une description et une analyse tridimensionnelles (3D) de la forme des otolithes des principales espèces commerciales de Manche et de mer du Nord. Cette approche novatrice, rendue possible par l’utilisation d’un microtomographe à rayons X, permet de préciser les caractéristiques des otolithes, de différencier les populations de poissons et de les situer géographiquement. Poissons plats comme la sole, la limande, la plie commune ou encore le turbot et poissons ronds, du hareng au grondin rouge en passant par l’églefin, pour chaque espèce, cinq individus représentatifs de la gamme de tailles échantillonnés en milieu marin, ont été sélectionnés et leur forme d’otolithes décrite. Ressource précieuse pour les sciences halieutiques, ce guide propose au domaine de la recherche et à celui des professionnels et techniciens de la mer un nouvel appui pour affiner leurs connaissances des espèces et individus de Manche et de mer du Nord
Metamaterial-based Dielectric Elastomers for Enhanced Energy Harvesting
No full textInternational audienceThis work investigates the integration of mechanical metamaterials into dielectric elastomer generators(DEGs) to enhance energy harvesting performance. By introducing auxetic and multi-stable geometries in bothtwo-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) DEGs, we demonstrate enhanced capacitance variation andbroadband response, leveraging metamaterial-induced nonlinearities and deformations to improve energyconversion efficienc
Topological modes in phononic waveguide interfaces
No full textInternational audienceWe report phononic waveguide interfaces capable of supporting topological edge modes. Weinvestigate the topological properties of the edge modes in different waveguide interfaces, revealing robustpropagation with negligible backscattering. Our results provide valuable insights for the design of low-lossphononic components for device applications
Engineering a microfluidic platform for cell extravasation monitoring and downstream characterization of disseminated cells
No full textInternational audienceMetastatic cancer cells and immune cells spread throughout the body via the bloodstream, reaching target sites for immune clearance or establishing secondary tumors in distant organs. As they move from blood circulation to a targeted organ, cells adhere to activated endothelium and then extravasate through it into a tissue-rich environment. The molecular mechanisms that drive the extravasation of immune and cancer cells are not yet fully understood. Most importantly, the phenotypic state identity of the disseminated cancer cells has yet to be characterized. While various sealed microfluidic devices have been developed to study extravasation, few, if any, allow for the efficient collection of extravasated cells. To address this limitation, we designed a biomimetic microfluidic device comprising a network of 3D blood capillaries and a customizable collecting chamber, separated by a porous membrane. Our device enables i) real-time monitoring of cell extravasation through the endothelium via live imaging and ii) the collection of disseminated cells for subsequent molecular characterization. We validated the functional properties of the 3D endothelial layer under shear stress and inflammation induction. After injecting promyeloblast cells and metastatic cancer cells into the lumen of the capillary network, we observed cell rolling and extravasation under continuous flow conditions. Finally, we collected extravasated cancer cells for gene expression profiling by RT-qPCR. Overall, our novel microfluidic device reconstitutes a functional 3D blood vessel network, allowing real-time observation of extravasation and the collection of disseminated cells for further characterization.</div
Study of micro-signals: proposed analysis methodology based on data from the Lille Poison Control and Toxicovigilance Center.
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From active materials to microsystems: development, integration, and applications
No full textInternational audienceThis work explores the continuum from bio-inspired concepts to functional microsystems, highlighting the potential of active materials for soft and adaptive technologies. Drawing inspiration from biological systems, particularly muscle based actuation (Conducting polymer-based transducers), we investigate soft actuators capable of producing smooth and controllable motion. Various gripping prototypes are presented, demonstrating their relevance for manipulation tasks in confined or delicate environments. The talk further addresses the development of implantable and minimally invasive medical tools, outlining the full process from conceptual design to microfabrication. In parallel, the integration of soft sensors and surgical robotic components illustrates the transition toward multifunctional, intelligent devices. Finally, a bio-inspired artificial insect demonstrator exemplifies how biological principles can be translated into robotic systems at small scale. The presentation concludes with future perspectives and contributions toward the next generation of adaptive, integrated, and life-inspired microsystems