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Assistance éducative : le danger ne doit pas nécessairement résulter d'une carence des parents (commentaire de l’arrêt Cass. civ. 1re, 14 janvier 2026, n° 24-22-926)
No full textInternational audienceLa Cour de cassation affirme que la possibilité pour le juge des enfants d’ordonner le placement d’un enfant mineur auprès de l’aide sociale à l’enfance n’est subordonnée qu’à l’existence d’un danger et à la nécessité d’assurer la protection de l’enfant, indépendamment des causes de cette situation. En l’espèce, bien qu’aucun manquement dans la prise en charge de l’enfant ne puisse être reproché à ses parents, le danger était néanmoins caractérisé par l’épuisement de ces derniers, qui n’étaient plus en capacité d’assumer au quotidien les conséquences de la maladie de leur fils
Microstreaming induced by a micro-cantilever vibrating elliptically in a viscous fluid
No full textInternational audienceThe acoustically excited vibrations of a micrometric object in a viscous liquid induce a net fluid flow known as microstreaming. This phenomenon can be harnessed for a variety of microscale applications, including particle transport, fluid mixing and the propulsion of micro-swimmers. Acoustic propulsion holds significant promise for in vivo manipulation due to its inherent biocompatibility and remote actuation capability, eliminating the need for an onboard energy source. However, designing steerable swimmers powered by vibrating tails requires a detailed understanding of the relationship between the input acoustic signal and the resulting streaming flow. In this paper, we characterise experimentally and model the microstreaming generated by a vertically standing micro-cantilever attached to a vibrating plate, as a function of the excitation frequency. Significant streaming is observed only at specific frequencies corresponding to the vibration modes of the support, which both translate and bend the cantilever. Computations based on a two-dimensional semi-analytical model enable quantitative predictions of the in-plane streaming flow structure and velocity magnitude, using as input the cantilever’s vibration profile, fully characterised by laser Doppler vibrometry. In particular, comparison between experiments and simulations allows us to rationalise the frequency-dependent emergence of dipolar, circular and elliptical streaming patterns, which are respectively induced by rectilinear, circular and elliptical translations of the cantilever. This analysis also explains the prevalence of elliptical streaming structures observed in our system. Beyond advancing our fundamental understanding of streaming generated by vibrating slender bodies, these results highlight the potential for frequency-based control of micro-swimmers through predictable, mode-specific flow responses
ZnO-based bulk acoustic wave transducers optimization for gigahertz-frequency applications
No full textInternational audienceThis work aims to optimize zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films and ZnO-based bulk acoustic wave (BAW) transducers for gigahertz operation. ZnO was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under controlled Ar/O2 ratios (0 %–30 % O2) and subjected to a 400 C post-deposition anneal. The films were evaluated by XRD/SEM, interferometric measurements and vector network analyzer (VNA) analysis in both frequency and time domains (including time-gated echoes, insertion losses, and overall efficiency). The results showed that a ratio of Ar/O2 (80 %/20 %) provided the best piezoelectric performance, with the piezoelectric coefficient increasing from 8 pm/V to 11 pm/V after annealing, measured under a constant electric field of 100 kV/cm. Furthermore, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient improved significantly from 6.2 % to 10 %. A clear resonance near 2.2 GHz was observed with low insertion losses (electrical 3.4 dB; acoustic 1.1 dB). The amplitude of the first acoustic peak increased from 78 mU under 100 % Ar to 128 mU when using Ar/O2 (80 %/20 %) during ZnO deposition. Furthermore, a post-deposition annealing at 400 C pushed the amplitude to 145 mU. Altogether, this represents a total improvement of 86 % in acoustic wave transmission compared to the initial condition. The optimized transducers, characterized by low electrical and acoustic insertion losses, exhibited superior efficiency and stability. These results show that introducing oxygen during sputtering, combined with a moderate anneal, provides a simple, reproducible route to energy-efficient, high-frequency BAW devices suitable for microfluidics and high-resolution ultrasonic sensing
PE-CLIP: A Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Vision Language Models for Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition
No full textInternational audienceThe emergence of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) provides appealing solutions to various vision problems including Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER). However, most of the proposed approaches face major challenges, particularly related to inefficient full fine-tuning of the encoders and the complexity of the models. Moreover, some of the proposed methods seem to struggle with suboptimal performance due to (i) poor alignment between textual and visual representations, and (ii) ineffective temporal modeling. To address these challenges, we propose PE-CLIP, a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) framework that elegantly adapts CLIP for dynamic facial expression recognition, requiring significantly reduced number of trainable parameters while maintaining high accuracy. At its core, to enhance efficiency and performance, PE-CLIP introduces two specialized adapters namely a Temporal Dynamic Adapter (TDA) and a Shared Adapter (ShA). The temporal dynamic adapter is a GRU-based module with a dynamic scaling mechanism, capturing sequential dependencies while adaptively modulating the contribution of each temporal feature to emphasize the most informative ones while mitigating irrelevant variations. The shared adapter is a lightweight adapter refine representations within both textual and visual encoders, ensuring consistent feature processing while maintaining parameter efficiency. Additionally, we leverage Multi-modal Prompt Learning (MaPLe), which introduces learnable prompts to both visual and action unit-based textual description inputs, further improving the semantic alignment between modalities and enabling the efficient adaptation of CLIP for dynamic tasks. We evaluate our proposed PE-CLIP on two benchmark datasets, namely DFEW, FERV39K, and AFEW, achieving competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods while requiring fewer trainable parameters. By striking an optimal balance between parameter efficiency and performance, PE-CLIP sets a new benchmark in resource-efficient DFER. The source code of the proposed PE-CLIP will be publicly available at https://github.com/Ibtissam-SAADI/PE-CLIP
La peine sans dehors. Hypersurveillance, automatisation et réduction ontologique du condamné
No full textThis article examines contemporary transformations of punishment through the expansion of penal hyper-surveillance in the community, with particular attention to electronic monitoring. Rather than constituting a simple alternative to imprisonment, these dispositifs contribute to a profound reconfiguration of penal power, characterised by the spatial diffusion of control, the automation of procedures and the ontological redefinition of sentenced individuals. Drawing on critical criminology, surveillance studies and desistance research, the article shows that punishment increasingly permeates ordinary spaces of everyday life, blurring the boundary between the time of sanction and the time of freedom. This evolution undermines the principle of individualisation of punishment and contributes to the construction of the offender as a data-based profile managed in terms of risk rather than recognised as a singular subject. The article ultimately calls for a critical ecology of punishment attentive to the social and subjective conditions required for a genuine and durable exit from penal control.This article examines contemporary transformations of punishment through the expansion of penal hyper-surveillance in the community, with particular attention to electronic monitoring. Far from constituting a simple alternative to imprisonment, these dispositifs contribute to a profound reconfiguration of punishment, extending beyond its traditional spatial, temporal and ontological boundaries. Drawing on critical criminology, surveillance studies and desistance research, the article argues that punishment is no longer primarily confined to closed institutions but increasingly permeates ordinary spaces of everyday life. This process is analysed through the concept of penal pantopia, referring to the gradual disappearance of any meaningful “outside” to punishment. Sanction thus operates as a diffuse normative environment, affecting not only sentenced individuals but also their social relations and living spaces. This spatial diffusion is accompanied by the growing automation of penal procedures. The execution of punishment relies increasingly on technical systems based on data production, deviation detection and actuarial risk management. Such procedural shifts tend to weaken the principle of individualisation of punishment, replacing contextualised human judgement with standardised and binary forms of evaluation. The article further argues that these developments converge towards an ontological reduction of the offender, who is progressively reconstructed as a data-based profile rather than recognised as a singular subject. This transformation underpins a form of penal nihilism, in which punishment is continuously reproduced without a clearly defined exit horizon or emancipatory purpose. In conclusion, the article calls for a critical ecology of punishment attentive to the systemic effects of hyper-surveillance on life trajectories, social relations and the conditions of desistance. It invites a rethinking of penal rationalities in light of dignity, subjectivity and the possibility of a genuine and durable exit from penal control.Cet article analyse les transformations contemporaines du pouvoir de punir à partir du développement des dispositifs d’hypersurveillance pénale en milieu ouvert, et en particulier de la surveillance électronique. Loin de constituer une simple alternative à l’incarcération, ces dispositifs participent à une reconfiguration profonde de la peine, qui tend à s’affranchir de ses limites spatiales, temporelles et ontologiques traditionnelles. En mobilisant les apports de la criminologie critique, des Surveillance Studies et des travaux sur la désistance, l’article montre que la peine ne se déploie plus prioritairement dans des espaces clos, mais s’insinue dans les lieux ordinaires de l’existence. Ce processus est analysé à travers la notion de pantopie pénale, qui désigne la disparition progressive de tout « dehors » de la sanction. La peine devient ainsi un environnement normatif diffus, affectant non seulement les personnes condamnées, mais également leurs proches et leurs espaces de vie. Cette diffusion spatiale s’accompagne d’une automatisation croissante des procédures de suivi et de contrôle. L’exécution de la peine repose de plus en plus sur des dispositifs techniques fondés sur la détection d’écarts, la production de données et la gestion actuarielle du risque. Ce glissement procédural contribue à fragiliser le principe d’individualisation de la peine, en substituant à l’appréciation humaine des logiques standardisées et binaires. L’article soutient que ces évolutions convergent vers une réduction ontologique du condamné, progressivement reconstruit comme un objet-profil, évalué en fonction de probabilités plutôt que reconnu dans sa singularité subjective. Cette transformation participe d’un nihilisme pénal, dans lequel la sanction tend à se reconduire indéfiniment, sans horizon clair de sortie ni finalité émancipatrice. Au total, l’article plaide pour une écologie critique de la peine, attentive aux effets systémiques de l’hypersurveillance sur les trajectoires de vie, les relations sociales et les conditions de la désistance. Il invite à repenser les finalités de la sanction pénale à l’aune de la dignité, de la singularité et de la possibilité réelle d’une sortie durable du système pénal
Étude et développement d’un réseau véhiculaire hybride pour la perception augmentée des Véhicules Autonomes
No full textWith the growing presence of autonomous vehicles in the automotive market, the demands on perception systems have significantly evolved. Traditional GPS-based localization and onboard multimodal perception (Cameras, Radars, LIDARs) are no longer sufficient to ensure reliable and comprehensive environmental awareness especially in dense, dynamic, or obstructed scenarios. Future vehicles must be capable of "seeing beyond" the limits of their own sensors by integrating external data from their surroundings.In this context, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications emerge as a key enabler for extended perception. However, V2X systems face major challenges due to high mobility, radio interference, and the dynamic nature of wireless channels. Channel estimation becomes a critical task, directly impacting the reliability and responsiveness of vehicular communication. Additionally, understanding the surrounding environment (urban, highway, rural) is crucial for adapting communication and perception strategies in real time.This thesis proposes the study and development of a hybrid vehicular network that combines the strengths of ITS-G5 (IEEE 802.11p) and next-generation cellular technologies (LTE-V2X / 5G). The objective is to design an adaptive communication architecture capable of delivering cooperative augmented perception and continuous service availability under various mobility scenarios. The proposed approach aligns with the vision of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) and aims to enhance the safety, reliability, and performance of autonomous driving systems.Avec l’essor des véhicules autonomes dans l’industrie automobile, les exigences en matière de perception embarquée ont considérablement évolué. Les systèmes de localisation par GPS et les capteurs multimodaux embarqués (Caméras, Radars, LIDARs) ne suffisent plus à garantir une perception fiable et étendue de l’environnement, notamment dans des contextes urbains complexes, dynamiques ou partiellement obstrués. Les véhicules doivent désormais être capables de « voir au-delà » de leurs propres capteurs, en intégrant des données exogènes issues de leur environnement.Dans ce cadre, les communications Véhicule-à-Tout (V2X) deviennent un pilier fondamental de la perception augmentée. Cependant, ces communications sont confrontées à des défis majeurs liés à la mobilité élevée, aux interférences radio et à la variabilité du canal sans fil. L’estimation du canal devient ainsi une tâche critique, conditionnant la fiabilité et la réactivité des échanges d’informations. Par ailleurs, l’identification du contexte d’environnement (urbain, autoroutier, rural) est essentielle pour adapter dynamiquement les stratégies de communication et de perception.Cette thèse propose l’étude et le développement d’un réseau véhiculaire hybride combinant les avantages des technologies ITS-G5 (norme IEEE 802.11p) et des réseaux cellulaires de nouvelle génération (LTE-V2X / 5G). L’objectif est de concevoir une architecture de communication adaptative, capable d’assurer une perception coopérative augmentée et une continuité de service dans divers scénarios de mobilité. L’approche proposée s’inscrit dans le cadre des systèmes de transport intelligents coopératifs (C-ITS) et vise à améliorer la sécurité, la fiabilité et la performance globale des véhicules autonomes
Non-native seeds of Solidago gigantea perform equally well or weaker than native seeds during germination and early seedling growth
No full textInternational audienc
Influence of electrical properties on thermal boundary conductance at metal/semiconductor interface
No full textInternational audienceRecent experimental investigations have demonstrated that doping a semiconductor is a route to increase the thermal boundary conductance at metal/semiconductor interfaces. In this work, the influence of the electrical properties on heat transfer across metal/doped semiconductor junctions is investigated. Specifically, thermal boundary conductance at the interfaces between p- and n-doped silicon and titanium is measured by employing frequency-domain photothermal radiometry under varying external conditions. The influence of the doping level of the semiconductor, the barrier height, and the space charge area is analyzed. In particular, a 40% increase in the interface thermal conductance with the application of a current at n-doped silicon/titanium interfaces is reported. The enhancement of the thermal boundary conductance is explained by the shrinking of the surface charga area induced by the electric current. This study opens the way to modulating interfacial heat transfer at metal/semiconductor interfaces through fine tuning of electrical effects
Stabilization of compressed earth bricks (CEB) using alkali-activated glass powder: A sustainable binder approach
No full textInternational audienc
The Island of Ireland and the European Union: Past, Present and Future
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT This Special Collection explores the evolving relationship between the island of Ireland and the European Union (EU) against a backdrop of profound political, economic and geopolitical change. Brexit, shifting EU security priorities, growing global trade uncertainty and other challenges have disrupted long‐standing patterns of Irish engagement with Europe, with distinct consequences for both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Addressing themes ranging from crisis governance and external relations to peacebuilding, taxation and identity politics, the contributions highlight the diverse ways in which Ireland's European future is being reshaped. Organised around the dual contexts of the Republic and Northern Ireland, and complemented by cross‐border analyses, this Special Collection highlights the importance of an all‐island perspective. Collectively, the articles shed light on broader questions concerning small states in the EU, the management of crises, the long and demanding journey of building peace and the interplay between domestic and European change, while emphasising both Ireland's vulnerabilities and its agency as it navigates an uncertain European and global order