HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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Les dynamiques identitaires de formateurs et d’enseignants en langues-cultures : singularités, contrastes et convergences
No full textInternational audienceUnser Beitrag befasst sich mit einem Praxisfeld, nämlich dem kultursprachlichen Unterricht in der französischen Grundschule. Die Verwendung des Syntagmas "langues-cultures" verweist auf einen Paradigmenwechsel, in dem wir uns wiedererkennen und der den Übergang "von einer kumulativen Sicht der Sprachen [...] zu einem verstehenden Ansatz der Sprachen- und Kulturerziehung" (Behra & Macaire, 2021, S.1) darstellt. Wir beabsichtigen hier, die Art und Weise zu hinterfragen, wie dieser Unterricht verschiedene Identitätsdynamiken (Broussal & Talbot, 2010 ; Dubar, 2015) nährt, und zwar sowohl durch die Prinzipien, auf denen er beruht oder die er fördert, als auch durch die beruflichen Erfahrungen, die er hervorruft, und durch die Gemeinschaft, auf die er sich bezieht. Zu diesem Zweck untersuchen wir gemeinsam die Situation von Sprach- und Kulturausbildern in INSPÉ und von angehenden Lehrern, die moderne Sprachen in der Grundschule unterrichten sollen. Es handelt sich um zwei Populationen, die sich hinsichtlich ihres Status, ihres Alters, ihrer Praktiken und ihrer Erfahrung unterscheiden. Bei den verwendeten Materialien handelt es sich um Interviews, die im Rahmen von zwei kürzlich verteidigten Dissertationen (Beaufils, 2024 ; Berlou, 2022) gesammelt wurden. Die Intuition, die wir auf die Probe stellen wollen, ist, dass es in dem Projekt, das diese beiden Berufsgruppen zusammenbringt (Sprach- und Kulturunterricht), den Keim einer gemeinsamen identitären Färbung geben könnte.Notre contribution s’intéresse à un champ de pratiques qui est celui de l’enseignement des langues-cultures à l’école primaire française. L’usage du syntagme « langues-cultures » renvoie à un changement de paradigme dans lequel nous nous reconnaissons, actant le passage « d’une vision cumulative des langues [...] à une approche compréhensive d’éducation aux langues et aux cultures » (Behra & Macaire, 2021, p. 1). Nous nous proposons ici d’interroger la façon dont cet enseignement nourrit différentes dynamiques identitaires (Broussal et Talbot, 2010 ; Dubar, 2015), à la fois à travers les principes sur lesquels il repose ou qu’il promeut, à travers les expériences professionnelles qu’il suscite, à travers la communauté à laquelle il se réfère. Nous prenons pour ce faire le parti d’explorer conjointement ce qu’il en est pour des formateurs de langues-cultures en INSPÉ et pour des enseignants en formation qui devront enseigner les langues vivantes à l’école primaire. Il s’agit de deux populations que distinguent à la fois le statut, l’âge, les pratiques, l’expérience. Les matériaux mobilisés sont des entretiens qui ont été recueillis dans le cadre de deux thèses récemment soutenues (Beaufils, 2024 ; Berlou, 2022). L’intuition que nous souhaitons mettre à l’épreuve est qu’il pourrait y avoir, dans le projet qui réunit ces deux groupes professionnels (l’enseignement des langues-cultures), le ferment d’une coloration identitaire commune
L’Intelligence Artificielle dans l’enseignement - Entretien avec Pierre Martinez
No full textEntretien avec Pierre MartinezEntretien avec Pierre Martinez (Professeur émérite en sciences du langage de l’Université Paris 8 et chercheur associé au Diltec Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle).Discussion menée par Mariella Causa (Professeure des universités en Sciences du langage et didactique du FLE à l’université Bordeaux Montaigne, CLLE Montaigne)
The role of Trees of Fragmenting Granules (TFG) in the formation of the solar supergranular pattern from Hinode observations
No full textWe present in this paper an exceptional scientific dataset allowing to investigate the structure and evolution of the interior of solar supergranulation cells. Trees of Fragmenting Granules (TFG) and associated flows were evidenced using Local Correlation Tracking techniques (LCT) from a 24 H duration sequence of Hinode (JAXA/NASA) observations. The treatment of the dataset exhibits the evolution of the TFG and shows that their mutual interactions are able to build horizontal flows with longer lifetime than granules (1 to 2 hours) over a scale of 10 arcsec (the mesogranulation). These flows act on the diffusion of the intranetwork magnetic elements and also on the location and shape of the network. Hence, the TFG appear as one of the major elements involved in supergranular formation and evolution
High Round-Trip Gain Piezoelectric-Capacitive Hybrid Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Based on Anodic Bonding Technology
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, a piezoelectric-capacitive hybrid micromachined ultrasonic transducer (HMUT) with a high round-trip gain was developed to achieve superior pulse-echo imaging performance. Initially, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) and a finite element model (FEM) were constructed to design and simulate the HMUT cell. A patterned etching technique for the piezoelectric layer was incorporated into the HMUT design. Simulation results indicated that the round-trip gain of the HMUT with patterned piezoelectric layer is 33 dB higher than that of the piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) and 3 dB higher than that of the capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT). One of the innovative aspects of this technique is its ability to fabricate vertically stacked PMUT and CMUT. Based on anodic bonding technology, prototypes of 3 MHz PMUT, CMUT, and HMUT were fabricated on the same substrate. Finally, an electric impedance test and pulse-echo test were conducted. Experimental data confirmed that the HMUT exhibits higher round-trip gain, consistent with the simulation results. The successful fabrication of these prototypes demonstrates the feasibility of integrating multiple ultrasonic transducers on a single platform, enhancing the device’s compactness and versatility. Furthermore, it opens new avenues for the development of high-quality ultrasonic imaging
Effective mortality thresholds for reporting suspicion of highly pathogenic avian influenza in mule ducks
No full textInternational audienceEffective mortality thresholds are critical for timely reporting and management of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Using standard modelling techniques, we evaluated the performance of different mortality thresholds in mule duck flocks. Using an eightfold increase of the mortality for two consecutive days compared to the average mortality the previous week led to a perfect classification of all flocks used for validation (12 affected and 18 non-affected flocks). A fixed daily threshold of 0.25% showed a perfect sensitivity and a good specificity (3 false positives/18). Our results fill a knowledge gap and can inform HPAI surveillance policy in non-vaccinated mule ducks
Performance of Sewer Concretes with Calcium Sulpho-Aluminate Cement and Portland Cement Blends: Field and Laboratory Studies
No full textInternational audienceThis paper discusses the performance of calcium sulpho-aluminate (CSA) cement and a Sulphate-Resisting Portland Cement (SRPC) with a fly ash (FA) additive (i.e., a SRPC + FA binder system) in a ‘live’ sewer environment; it deepens the understanding of their deterioration mechanisms by using a laboratory test for simulated sewer conditions. It also studies the role of an iron-based additive (‘Hard-Cem®’, HC) in improving the performance of SRPC + FA concrete under a biogenic acid attack. The performance of 0.4 w/b concrete specimens of the three binders (CSA, SRPC + FA, and SRPC + FA + HC) with calcite aggregates in sewer exposure was assessed by visual observation, measurements of mass and thickness changes, and microstructural analysis for approximately 25 months. The laboratory test, i.e., the Biogenic Acid Concrete (BAC) test, was used to study the deterioration mechanisms of these binders in terms of leaching solution pH and standardised cumulative leached calcium and aluminium. The results indicate that CSA concrete had improved performance in the sewer environment, showing no mass loss and only about one-third of thickness lost in the SRPC + FA concrete over a 25-month exposure period in the sewer environment. The BAC test results complemented the field observations. The iron-based additive in sewer concrete slightly reduced mass loss, likely due to its better resistance to abrasion and erosion, but not due to any chemical influence, since it does not participate in hydration or dissolution reactions. The findings imply that CSA cement may represent a suitable alternative binder for concrete sewer construction. They also suggest that a surface hardener has limited benefits, except when it is under abrasive conditions. Further investigation is required, especially since CSA contains high amounts of sulphate, the effect of which is not well understood
A Bifunctional Nanostructured RuPt/C Electrocatalyst for Energy Storage Based on the Chlor-Alkali Process
No full textInternational audienceThis study focuses on the design of a novel electrode for an energy storage system utilizing EDEN (electrochemical-based decarbonizing energy) technology. This technology implies a chlor-alkali electrochemical cell with dual functionality: first, the electrolysis of water and NaCl to produce hydrogen (H2) and chlorine (Cl2), and subsequently, the utilization of these products in an H2/Cl2 fuel cell to generate electricity. Bimetallic RuPt nanoparticles have been synthesized on Vulcan carbon (C-V) from organometallic precursors to be used as electrocatalysts. Characterization includes transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The RuPt/C-V-based electrode demonstrated notable performance in the target reversible electrochemical cell, acting as the anode for electrolysis and as the cathode in fuel-cell mode. Testing in a 3D-printed electrochemical cell revealed high efficiency, with a coulombic efficiency exceeding 96% for hydrogen production, yielding 11.75 mg·Wh−1 and achieving a power output of approximately 4.5 mW·cm−2 in H2/Cl2 fuel-cell operation
A Review of CNN Applications in Smart Agriculture Using Multimodal Data
No full textInternational audienceThis review explores the applications of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in smart agriculture, highlighting recent advancements across various applications including weed detection, disease detection, crop classification, water management, and yield prediction. Based on a comprehensive analysis of more than 115 recent studies, coupled with a bibliometric study of the broader literature, this paper contextualizes the use of CNNs within Agriculture 5.0, where technological integration optimizes agricultural efficiency. Key approaches analyzed involve image classification, image segmentation, regression, and object detection methods that use diverse data types ranging from RGB and multispectral images to radar and thermal data. By processing UAV and satellite data with CNNs, real-time and large-scale crop monitoring can be achieved, supporting advanced farm management. A comparative analysis shows how CNNs perform with respect to other techniques that involve traditional machine learning and recent deep learning models in image processing, particularly when applied to high-dimensional or temporal data. Future directions point toward integrating IoT and cloud platforms for real-time data processing and leveraging large language models for regulatory insights. Potential research advancements emphasize improving increased data accessibility and hybrid modeling to meet the agricultural demands of climate variability and food security, positioning CNNs as pivotal tools in sustainable agricultural practices. A related repository that contains the reviewed articles along with their publication links is made available
Human Robot Interaction for Blind and Low Vision People: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textInternational audienceRecent years have witnessed a growing interest in using robots to support Blind and Low Vision (BLV) people in various tasks and contexts. However, the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community still lacks a shared understanding of what, where, and how robots can benefit BLV users in their daily lives. In light of this, we conducted a systematic literature review to help researchers navigate the current landscape of this field through an HCI lens. We followed a systematic multi-stage approach and carefully selected a corpus of 76 papers from premier HCI venues. Our review provides a comprehensive overview of application areas, embodiments, and interaction techniques of the developed robotic systems. Further, we identified opportunities, challenges, and key considerations in this emerging field. Through this systematic review, we aim to inspire researchers, developers, designers, and HCI practitioners, to create a more inclusive environment for the BLV community. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI).</div
