HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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40 ans de développements en lithographie électronique : mémoires d’un dinosaure
No full textInternational audiencePersonal experience presentation over 40 years on Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) through its development history which led to the purchase of a 100keV EBL system at CNRS-LAA
Porcine milk small extracellular vesicles modulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome in vitro
No full textInternational audiencemall extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a subtype of nano-sized extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication. EVs can be found in different body fluids, including milk. Monocytes internalize porcine milk EVs and modulate immune functions in vitro by decreasing their phagocytosis and chemotaxis while increasing their oxidative burst. This study aimed to assess the impact of porcine milk EVs on the porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proteome. Porcine PBMC were incubated with porcine milk EVs or medium as a control. Extracted proteins were then analyzed using nano-LC-MS/MS. A total of 1584 proteins were identified. The supervised multivariate statistical analysis, sparse variant partial least squares - discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) for paired data identified discriminant proteins (DP) that contributed to a clear separation between the porcine milk EVs treated cells and control groups. A total of 384 DP from both components were selected. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis with ProteINSIDE provided the evidence that the DP with a higher abundance in porcine milk EVs, like TLR2, APOE, CD36, MFGE8, were mainly involved in innate immunity and the process of EVs uptake processes. These results provide a proteomics background to the immunomodulatory activity of porcine milk EVs and to the potential mechanisms used by immune cells to internalize them
Le parcours de vie comme clé de compréhension du sentiment de chez-soi en EHPAD
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Optimizing quasi-dissipative evolution equations with the moment-SOS hierarchy
No full textInternational audienceWe prove that there is no relaxation gap between a quasi-dissipative nonlinear evolution equation in a Hilbert space and its linear Liouville equation reformulation on probability measures. In other words, strong and generalized solutions of such equations are unique in the class of measure-valued solutions. As a major consequence, non-convex numerical optimization over these non-linear partial differential equations can be carried out with the infinite-dimensional moment-SOS hierarchy with global convergence guarantees. This covers in particular all reaction-diffusion equations with polynomial nonlinearity
Review of Monolithic Composite Laminate and Stiffened Structures in Aeronautic Applications
No full textInternational audienceThis paper analyses laminated stiffened composite structures in aeronautic applications, covering many key subjects. Since the certification of these structures is based on the test pyramid methodology, several aspects will be addressed, mainly: static sizing and the obtention of allowable values, damage tolerance, post-buckling, large cuts and structural testing. Secondly, the main problems associated with the manufacturing of aeronautical composite structures will be discussed. Finally, a historical presentation of the main milestones in the introduction of fibrous materials will be given, based on the successive appearance of boron, glass and carbon fibres, with the help of a selection of examples. A detailed chronology of the pioneering introduction of carbon fibres into civil aeronautics by European industry will also be provided. Recent researches, trends and innovations will be discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on this wide subject will be proposed
Fingerprinting de Zone et Navigation à l'Estime : l'idée est simple, l'exécution plus complexe
No full textInternational audienceS'il est indéniable que la Géolocalisation et Navigation par un Système de Satellite (GNSS) apporte aujourd'hui un service précis de localisation en extérieur, il n'en est pas de même pour l'intérieur des bâtiments où le signal est trop faible. La localisation en intérieur ne peut donc se faire qu'au travers d'un réseau dédié ou en utilisant une infrastructure existante. Dans ce contexte, la comparaison entre la puissance captée et une carte de référence, aussi appelée fingerprinting, est très largement étudiée. Toutefois, les recherches actuelles considèrent des modèles qui prédisent une position unique et supposent ainsi une bijection entre position et puissance. Or, à une même puissance peut correspondre un ensemble de positions. Nous proposons donc de changer de paradigme et de prédire une zone de positions aux puissances équivalentes. Cette zone sera ensuite subdivisée en clusters avec une pondération donnée grâce à la navigation à l'estime. Dans cet article, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode, prédisant la zone exacte contenant l'utilisateur ainsi que la sous-partie la plus probable. Enfin, une étude expérimentale dans deux réseaux 5G privés permet de mettre en avant les avantages de notre système par rapport à la littérature
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of a Neomycin-Polymyxin B-Nystatin Combination Compared to Metronidazole and Clindamycin Against the Main Bacteria Involved in Bacterial Vaginosis and Aerobic Vaginitis
No full textInternational audienceBackground/Objectives: Aerobic vaginitis (AV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are vaginal infections requiring the fast elimination of pathogens. The frequent confusion of these infections may justify the use of a rapidly acting broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Methods: This study investigated the bactericidal kinetics of the neomycin-polymyxin B-nystatin (NPN) combination compared to those of two reference antibiotics (clindamycin and metronidazole) against 22 bacteria commonly implicated in AV and BV. Results: NPN exhibited bactericidal activity against the aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, with particularly high bactericidal activity being observed against streptococci, S. aureus, and C. amycolatum after 1 h at low dilutions and after 4 h for all dilutions. Enterococci were less sensitive to NPN. Clindamycin demonstrated poor rapid bactericidal activity against all Gram-positive bacteria tested. NPN manifested high bactericidal activity against all aerobic Gram-negative bacteria tested, whereas clindamycin showed bactericidal activity only after 4 h at a 1/2 dilution. With respect to the four anaerobic strains tested, NPN demonstrated high bactericidal activity at all tested dilutions with concentration-dependent effects. Metronidazole exhibited lower or no rapid bactericidal activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that NPN has very fast bactericidal action against the main bacteria involved in AV and BV compared to clindamycin and metronidazole, highlighting its potential in managing bacterial vaginal infections
NK Cell Immaturity and NKp30 Expression Positively Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Multiple Myeloma Patients from the IFM2009 Clinical Trial
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Multiple myeloma (MM) is a proliferation of tumoral plasma cells that is still incurable. Natural killer (NK) cells can recognize and kill MM cells in vitro. However, previous literature suggests an alteration of NK cell function in MM patients. To further evaluate this point, we used multi‐parametric flow cytometry to monitor NK cell phenotype in bone marrow samples at diagnosis of MM, taking advantage of the IFM2009 trial and associated samples. Our results show an increase in the frequency of NK cells in MM patients. A detailed analysis of NK cell phenotype showed a decreased expression of terminal maturation markers such as KLRG1 or CD57 and an increased expression of CD56 bright /tissue resident markers among NK cells from MM patients. The extent of these alterations is even more pronounced as the ISS score increases in patients. Finally, a favorable clinical evolution correlates with NK cell immaturity, on the one hand, and with the level of NKp30, a receptor more expressed in immature NK cells on the other hand. Altogether, these data suggest that immature and resident NK cells are particularly involved in the anti‐myeloma response, notably via NKp30, which could pave the way for future therapeutic strategies
SMT: the Surrogate Modeling Toolbox : Explainability with mixed variables applied to multi-agent system
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Unexpected microbial diversity in new Caledonia’s ultramafic ecosystems with conservation implications in a biodiversity hotspot
No full textData availability: DNA librairies: the Illumina MiSeq sequences are available under the following NCBI accession numbers: SAMN05786746 to SAMN05786777 for Rivière Blanche and Kopéto; SUB9939738, SUB9957890, SUB9966585, SUB9965709 and SUB9966666 for Goro; SAMN31953029 to SAMN31953058 and SAMN31953148 to SAMN31953177 for Maré; SRR30291378 to SRR30291403 for Bois du Sud and Tiébaghi.International audienceSoils harbour an incredible diversity of microorganisms that play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning. However, this biodiversity remains largely overlooked, with a poor understanding of how patterns form across landscapes. An eDNA metabarcoding approach was used to identify potential overarching patterns in fungal and bacterial communities from ultramafic ecosystems in New Caledonia, a renowned biodiversity hotspot. Our comprehensive analysis revealed several key findings, notably an important microbial diversity in the extreme environments of iron crust soils. Clear tendencies in phyla composition were also observed, with the fungal groups Ascomycota and Mucoromycota acting as potential indicators of land degradation (only in lateritic soils for Mucoromycota). For bacteria, Chloroflexi was characteristic of open vegetation, while Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were observed in higher relative abundances in the closed vegetation. The ectomycorrhizal fungal functional group was also found to be rich and unique, with a hypothetical endemism rate of 87%, and over-represented by the Cortinarius genus in rainforests and maquis (shrublands) dominated by ectomycorrhizal plants. Finally, each ultramafic Massif demonstrated a unique microbial community. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into microbial ecology and emphasize the need for tailored conservation strategies for this biodiversity hotspot