HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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L'attachement de l’homme au chien : étude chez le chien âgé
No full textThe dog’s importance in human society has significantly evolved since domestication and has been totally transformed. As for the owner attachment to his older dog, the central thematic of this tesis. A survey which enrolled 56 olders dogs owner was contucted using the french traduction of the LAPS questionary. Results identify keys factors impacting the quality of this human-senior dog relationship. However, a very large number of variable initially tested do not show statistic significant relation with the bonding mecanism. Therefore, conclusions are limited. The determination of these parameters can be applied in veterinaries clinicals. It can be used to manage relational disordes that may be encountered into the human-dog dyad.La place que détient le chien dans la société humaine a bien évolué depuis l’ère de la domestication et s’est totalement transformée. Il en est de même pour la notion d’attachement du propriétaire envers son chien âgé, sujet central de cette thèse. Une enquête auprès de 56 propriétaires de chiens séniors a été menée en s’appuyant sur l’utilisation de la traduction française du questionnaire LAPS. Cette dernière a permis de mettre en évidence des facteurs clefs de variation modulant la qualité de cette relation homme-chien âgé. Toutefois, un nombre élevé de variables initialement testées ne semblent pas avoir de relation statistiquement significative avec l’attachement, ce qui limite les conclusions qui peuvent en être déduites. La détermination de ces paramètres peut s’appliquer au sein des cabinets vétérinaires. Celle-ci permettra de prendre en charge certaines difficultés relationnelles qui peuvent être rencontrées au sein d’une dyade homme-chien
How an international engineers exchange brings to a successful process/project
No full textIn the world of research, international collaborations between researchers are common, well-structured, and benefit from a lot of funding. Exchanges between technical staffs in general are rarer, it is difficult to find dedicated funding. Through the opportunity offered by MEXT X-nics UTokyo Agile-X project two engineers of LAAS-CNRS have been hosted in Takeda Super Clean room in 2023; and two engineers and the Professor Mita has been welcomed in LAAS clean room during 3 weeks in two times in 2024.Each institute have their own knowledges and specialties; that have been share, train and learn. The two first exchanges permit to learn each other habits and work procedures. Between these, the distance exchanging also introduce some misunderstandings that create some fails. But learning about our errors the third exchange was crowned with success in only 2 days of technology. We did a large gap due to these win/win technological exchanges. We will show that these exchanges are an opportunity for real scientific and technological collaborations; and that as such they deserve to be developed. We will present very good results about HARNS technology 1 ; as well as all the benefits brought by these exchanges on the technological, scientific and human points of view (Fig. 1). They will benefit the two laboratories and will accelerate new scientific results. These international exchanges allow us to confront and enrich different and complementary visions of how to implement technologies. Which is all the more enriching and motivating for the evolution of ways of working and exchanging. We hope that our presentation will create new opportunities, and show the real interest for our supervisory bodies to organize this type of opportunities beneficial to the whole scientific and technological community
Understanding Intel User Interrupts
No full textInternational audienceUser interrupts (UINTR) is a new hardware feature available in recent Intel Xeon processors. It enables a CPU to send, receive, and handle hardware inter-processor interrupts directly in user mode, meaning without the intervention of the OS kernel. In this paper, we shed light on the inner working of this facility and investigate, with detailed performance and overhead measurements considering deployments on physical machines and virtual machines with Linux and KVM, how it can be leveraged for more efficient inter-process communications, as an alternative to OS (Unix) signals. With UINTR, preemptive user-level thread schedulers can achieve quantum lengths in the microsecond scale
Isolation of adipose stromal cells from blood using a two-step microfluidic platform ASCfinder
No full textInternational audienceMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold significant promise for their therapeutic potential and their possible role as disease biomarkers. While evidence suggests the presence of circulating Adipose-derived MSC (ASC) in peripheral blood (PB), isolating them is particularly challenging due to their low abundance, size variability, and incomplete characterization of their native immunophenotype in PB. Consequently, the relationship between ASC frequency in blood and various physiological or pathological conditions has been underexplored. In this study, we introduce ASC-Finder, a label-free isolation method specifically designed for adipose stromal cells (ASCs), a key MSC population. ASC-Finder integrates two independent modules: a size-dependent hydrodynamic filtration unit for sorting erythrocytes directly from PB and a negative enrichment module based on immunological markers to deplete remaining leukocytes. The device enabled removal of 99.98% of erythrocytes while achieving high recovery rates of spiked ASCs (> 81%) at rare-event concentrations (< 100 ASC/mL blood). Remarkably, ASC-Finder operates without clogging, even after multiple runs with donor blood samples. Crucially, our method bypasses the need for harsh lysis, centrifugation, or dilution buffers, preserving both cell integrity and phenotype—key factors for the discovery of novel cellular events. This work represents a significant advancement in the direct enrichment of circulating ASCs from whole PB without cell lysis, offering a crucial step toward investigating the characterization and role of blood-circulating ASCs
Comprehensive study of Mn/Ni ordering in LiNi0.5-xMn1.5+xO4 using neutron powder diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, we extensively establish unique relationships between the chemical compositions of LiNi0.5-xMn1.5+xO4 (LNMO) spinel-type positive electrode materials and the degree of Mn/Ni ordering, which influences their electrochemical performance. To achieve this, in situ temperature-controlled neutron powder diffraction experiments were performed under air or oxygen atmospheres to track the Mn/Ni ordering process during annealing of LNMO samples that contain different Mn/Ni ratios. Systematic in-depth structural analysis of a large number of samples, using both neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffractions, revealed clear correlations between the variations in the voltage-composition profiles and the distribution of Mn and Ni atoms between the 4b and 12d crystallographic sites of ordered LNMO. Additionally, we employed high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with fast Fourier transform analysis that enabled us to visualize the distribution and sizes of Mn/Ni ordered domains at the particle level in excellent agreement with the Rietveld refinement from neutron powder diffraction data
SERVOVALVES MODELS FOR CUSTOMERS
No full textInternational audienceThis communication deals with the modelling of 2-stage servovalves from a customer's point of view. The main objective is to propose a model which parameters can be easily identified from the servovalve datasheet, and that reproduces well the key servovalve performances. The first step focusses on the power stage and the servovalve hydraulic static characteristic. The second step is dedicated to the servovalve dynamics and its sensitivity to the input current magnitude. Additional considerations are provided about the influence of the supply pressure and the modelling of internal faults
Untargeted identification of pesticides metabolites to study their effects on metabolic and Parkinson diseases
No full textInternational audienceThe exposome concept has led to the toxicological assessment of pollutant mixtures. To understand consequences of chronic dietary exposure to pesticide cocktails on Parkinson and metabolic diseases, 2 preclinical studies were performed with mice exposed to the individual admissible daily intake (ADI) of different pesticides in mixture for 20 or 52 weeks. The impact of pesticides may depend on the biotransformation of each one that could be altered when pesticides are in combination. Thus, the characterization of residues (active substance and its metabolites) would not only support exposure but also provide a better insight of the observed effects. However, in a context of low-dose exposure and in the absence of commercial standards, detecting, identifying, and quantifying metabolites is challenging. For the first study of the metabolic effects of pesticide exposure, urinary samples of mice exposed or not to the ADI of pesticides and fed a chow or a western diet were collected upon 20 weeks of exposure. For the second study, urinary samples of a mouse model expressing human alphasynuclein that recapitulates neuronal lesions in subjects with neurodegenererative diseases, and exposed or not to the ADI of a cocktail of pesticides, were collected at different time points of the 52 weeks period of exposure. Samples were analyzed using reversed-phase LC with HRMS detection (TIMS-ToF, Bruker) with a suspect screening approach with a list of suspected compounds, including the studied pesticides, their known metabolites, and putative ones, was screened and identified.For both studies, metabolites of pesticides were identified using MS/MS experiments acquired with the PASEF mode, and using CCS measurements acquired by ion mobility analyses. Comparisons with rare standards enabled level 1 identifications, but in most cases, annotations were achieved with the interpretation of fragment ions and CCS, assisted by in silico tools. By this way, we were able to detect pesticide metabolites following low-dose exposure. Interestingly, different signal intensities of each metabolite between each studied dose or time point and, more importantly, between the different diets or mouse models, were observed. Following the complex identification of pesticides biotransformed products without standard, their HRMS detection and quantification at low doses highlighted a link between the type of diet and the bioavailability of pesticides. Similarly, concentrations of pesticides metabolites were found to be different in the mouse model expressing human alphasynuclein that recapitulates neuronal lesions. Finally, these two studies illustrate that recent advances in mass spectrometry, in particularly ion mobility, allow the detection, identification, and quantification of low-concentration biomarkers of exposure, facilitating a better understanding of the effects of xenobiotics within the context of exposome
Type-II hot corrosion investigation of the DS200 +Hf superalloy at the γ/γ' scale
No full textInternational audienceType-II hot corrosion behavior was investigated on the Ni-based superalloys DS200 +Hf, precoated with Na2SO4, in a flowing O2–SO2–SO3 atmosphere. Corrosion products were characterized as an outer oxide layer rich in Ni and Co, and a complex inner layer including S and O. Investigations at the nanoscale of the propagation front revealed the formation of a partially crystallized WS2 network, ordered along the c-axis with the γ/γ’ microstructure. Statistical measurement of the affected depths showed that the corrosion rate followed a parabolic law as a function of time from 550 °C to 700 °C
The fingerprint of structural inheritances in the W-Pyrenees revealed by machine learning detection of seismicity
No full textInternational audienceThe orogenic evolution of the western Pyrenees and its relationship with ancient rift architecture are well-studied and therefore represent a natural laboratory for investigating the link between structural inheritance and the distribution of present-day seismicity. In this study, we use an automated method to detect and pick P and S waves from local earthquakes to characterize the distribution of seismicity in the region. The P and S picks are used to obtain a catalog of earthquakes and to perform a local earthquake tomography. We analyze 2-D sections and depth slices of the tomographic model and of the seismicity catalog, and confront them to the 3-D geological architecture of the inverted Mauléon rift system. Our results reveal that present-day deformation is mainly extensional, with a main cluster of aligned, steeply north-dipping seismicity localized along the former rift necking domain. In addition, the rift-inherited NNE-SSW Saison and Barlanès transfer zones either offset or disrupt the seismicity cluster and delimit three seismically active segments. The Chaînons Béarnais segment shows localized seismicity, whereas the eastern and western Mauléon segments show a westward extension of earthquake distribution in relation with the widening of both the orogenic wedge and the mantle body preserved at shallow depth. Our results suggest that the rift-inherited necking zone played a predominant role in the localization of the deformation during both orogenic and post-orogenic evolution, and as such represents a critical zone for seismic hazard assessment. Earthquakes diffusely distributed in and around the high-velocity mantle body could be partly related to ongoing serpentinization
Comparison of country-specific predictions of feed intake and methane emissions in sheep using different proxies
No full textInternational audienceRuminants are often singled out as being the main culprits when it comes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, for methane (CH4) in particular. However, with their diets based on forage and grazing, ruminants have a role to play to limit the feed-food competition. Sheep breeders are open to the prospect of including both feed efficiency and GHG emissions in their breeding programmes and whether or not it is for the purpose of genetic (or genomic) selection, the acquisition of new phenotypes for feed efficiency and GHG emissions are essential. Currently, devices recording GHG emissions and individual feed intake of animals reared indoors remains too expensive for most sheep breeders worldwide. In this study, research groups from six countries (UK (Scotland), France, Norway, Ireland, New Zealand and Uruguay) gathered their results obtained in different breeds to identify the most promising proxy measurements of feed intake and methane emissions. Despite the fact that each group set up their own protocol, there were several points in common: most feed intake trials were performed during 6 weeks on growing animals, and GHG emissions were all recorded with portable accumulation chambers (PACs). Different traits, in addition to feed intake and GHG emissions, were recorded and considered as putative proxies (body composition, growth, bodyweight, feeding behaviour, body condition score), as well as sheep genotypes and ruminal microbiota. Models' goodness of fit were estimated on training sets, whereas their prediction accuracy was assessed on actual validation datasets. The comparison of training and validation accuracies obtained with each dataset highlighted the well-documented problem of overfitting, particularly with microbiota data. In general, validation prediction accuracies were higher for feed intake than for the two feed efficiency criteria (residual feed intake and feed conversion ratio) investigated. The best predictions for feed intake were obtained when body weight and the average number of feeding events per day were included in the models (R2valid=0.78). Methane emissions were predicted with the highest accuracy when feed intake was considered among the proxies. Prediction accuracies for methane emissions obtained with the metagenome were higher than with this remains low (Rvalid=0.32)