HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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A “Plug & Play” synthetic approach to anticancer lipidic alkynylcarbinols.
No full textInternational audienc
Lung organoids as a human system for Mycobacteria infection modeling and drug testing
No full textInternational audienceMycobacterial infections remain a global public health challenge. Each year, high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide are a consequence of chronic respiratory infections due to Mycobacteria . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2023, 10.8 million individuals fell ill with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), resulting in an estimated 1.25 million deaths. This positions tuberculosis (TB) as the leading cause of death from a single pathogen worldwide after the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. On the other hand, the cases of people affected by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have risen globally, but the precise incidence and prevalence of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease remain unknown. In Europe, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases affect between 0.2 and 2.9 per 100 000 individuals, mainly patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non‐CF bronchiectasis. The diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterial infections are challenging and complex, frequently requiring long‐duration treatments with several antibiotics, which in most cases leads to poor patient outcomes. As the role of immune cells has been extensively assessed, in this Review, we summarize the current knowledge about the contribution of epithelial cells in the early steps of Mycobacteria infections. Additionally, we describe how human lung organoid technology provides new tools to better understand host– Mycobacteria interactions in the airways and test new therapeutic targets
Du papier-crayon à la conception assistée par intelligence artificielle dans l’enseignement de la sociologie
No full textInternational audienceMobilisant une expérience de plus de 30 ans d’enseignement de la sociologie, la communication propose de montrer combien, sous l’effet de l’adoption d’outils numériques et année après année, les pratiques pédagogiques se sont durablement et profondément transformées. Les changement affectent autant les modalités de conception des cours que la forme de leur délivrance et de leur réception par les étudiants. Ainsi, la revue de littérature du nouveau cours peut maintenant s’effectuer à domicile devant son écran sans nécessité de devoir se rendre en bibliothèque pour y consulter les revues papier ou les bases de données numérisées. Le tableau noir et la craie ont depuis longtemps et par la plupart des collègues été délaissés au profit d’abord dans les années 1990 du vidéoprojecteur de rhodoïds, puis dans les années 2000 du tableau blanc mural et/ou du paperboard, puis ensuite du diaporama communément désigné sous le vocable lexicalisé de Power Point et, dernièrement, pour les plus au fait des dernières technologies, de l’écran tactile interactif appelé par ses promoteurs les plus fervents tableau intelligent. Les changements et leurs effets sont multiples et la question n’est pas d’interroger leurs nature bonne mauvaise mais de se placer au-delà des inquiétudes et des enthousiasmes habituellement observées lors des périodes d’apparition et de généralisation d’innovation organisationnelles pour plutôt rendre compte de situations nouvelles dans lesquelles les processus de transmission de savoirs académiques et pratiques se trouvent facilités pour mieux identifier celles qui conduisent à de nouvelles fragilités face aux nouveaux outils numériques
The theoretical pulsation spectra of hot B subdwarfs
No full textInternational audienceContext. The Kepler and TESS space missions have revealed the rich gravity ( g -)mode pulsation spectra of many hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars in detail. These spectra exhibit complex behaviors, with some stars exhibiting trapped modes interposing in the asymptotic period sequences of regular period spacing, while others do not. Aims. We aim to thoroughly compute theoretical g -mode pulsation spectra, using our current sdB models, useful for future reference when comparing to observations. This also enables us to explore relationships with features of the internal structure of these stars. Such studies provide guidance in conducting future asteroseismic analyses of these pulsators and insights on how to interpret their outcomes. Methods. We used our STELlar modeling from the Université de Montréal (STELUM) code to compute static (parametric) and evolutionary models of sdB stars, with different prescriptions for their chemical and thermal structures. We used our adiabatic PULSE code to compute the theoretical spectra of g -mode pulsations for degrees of ℓ = 1 to 4 and for periods between 1000 s and 15 000 s, amply covering the range of observed g -modes in these stars. Results. We show that g -mode pulsation spectra and, in particular, the appearance of trapped modes are highly dependent on the chemical and thermal structures in the models as the star evolves, particularly in the region just above the He-burning core. Depending on the prescriptions and specific evolutionary stage, we observe mainly three types of spectra for mid to high radial-order g -modes (the ones observed in sdB stars): “flat” spectra of nearly constant period spacing; spectra with deep minima of the period spacing interposing between modes with more regular spacing (which correspond to trapped modes); and spectra showing a “wavy” pattern in period spacing. For the two latter cases, we have identified the region where the modes are trapped in the star. Conclusions. Detailed comparisons with observed g -mode spectra ought to be carried out next to progress on this issue and constrain the internal structure of core-He burning stars via asteroseismology, in particular, for the region above the He-burning core
Surveying Small Craters Along the Curiosity Rover Traverse and Geologic Implications
No full textInternational audienceWe report a comprehensive survey of the smallest-scale cratering occurring at the surface of Mars at Gale crater. Small crater formation and retention is influenced by slope, the material properties of the target material, and surface texture
Using Doppler imaging to model stellar activity and search for planets around Sun-like stars
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Doppler imaging (DI) is a well-established technique to map a physical field at a stellar surface from a time series of high-resolution spectra. In this proof-of-concept study, we aim to show that traditional DI algorithms, originally designed for rapidly rotating stars, also have the ability to model the activity of Sun-like stars, when observed with new-generation highly stable spectrographs, and search for low-mass planets around them. We used DI to retrieve the relative brightness distribution at the surface of the Sun from radial velocity (RV) observations collected by HARPS-N (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere) between 2022 and 2024. The brightness maps obtained with DI have a typical angular resolution of and are a good match to low-resolution disc-resolved Dopplergrams of the Sun at epochs when the absolute, disc-integrated RV exceeds m s−1. The RV residuals after DI correction exhibit a dispersion of about 0.6 m s−1, comparable with existing state-of-the-art activity correction techniques. Using planet injection-recovery tests, we also show that DI can be a powerful tool for blind planet searches, so long as the orbital period is larger than d (i.e. 3–4 yr stellar rotation periods), and that it yields planetary mass estimates with an accuracy comparable to, for example, multidimensional Gaussian process regression. Finally, we highlight some limitations of traditional DI algorithms, which should be addressed to make DI a reliable alternative to state-of-the-art RV-based planet search techniques
Re(I) PhotoCORM-cellulose nanocrystal material for promising antibacterial phototherapy.
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Separation and Characterization of Stereosisomers of Dinuclear TricarbonylRhenium (I) complex: Chiral Chromatography, Supercritical vs Liquid.
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