HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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L’“architecte” de la Renaissance face au “chef-d’œuvre”. Lesalternatives de Philibert Delorme
No full textInternational audienceor an "architect" such as Philibert Delorme (also de l’Orme), in 16th-century France, it was no longer a question of submitting to the examinations of the guilds, but of providing proof of his mastery. To do this, the architect highlights concrete achievements in a strategy based on the use of printed books: the Anet squinch, the arched roof of the Château de La Muette for the technical aspects, the avant-corps of the rear wing at Anet
Effets combinés des ondes RF et des nanomatériaux : une éventualité environnementale ?
No full textNational audienceLes champs électromagnétiques sont largement employés pour des applications civiles et militaires. D'un point de vue économique et sociétal, ces champs radiofréquences (RF) prennent une place croissante dans notre vie et notre environnement quotidien depuis plusieurs décennies, que ce soit pour du chauffage rapide, les télécommunications sans fil, la géolocalisation (GPS), ainsi que pour des radars divers (anti-collision, domotique, signaux vitaux…), ou encore le transfert d’énergie à distance notamment. Même si la réglementation actuelle implique des conditions d’exposition aux ondes RF, il est primordial de connaître et d'être sûr des possibles effets de ces ondes sur la santé humaine ainsi qu’à l’échelle cellulaire, qu'ils soient bénéfiques ou néfastes, et ce en fonction des conditions d'exposition et dans un environnement réaliste. Jusqu’ici la très grande majorité des études sont menées en ne considérant que les ondes RF seules. Or l’environnement humain est complexe et peut impliquer des agents polluants chimiques, physiques, comme les pesticides, les nanomatériaux ou encore les rayonnements lumineux ou ionisants utilisés pour des analyses médicales et lors de thérapies. A ce jour, peu de littérature sur d'éventuels effets combinés des ondes RF avec d'autres facteurs de stress environnementaux existe et se limite majoritairement à des co-expositions aux ondes RF avec des produits chimiques de type médicamenteux. Pourtant la forte interaction des ondes électromagnétiques avec les nanomatériaux est connue et utilisée pour des applications cliniques, notamment en oncologie (thérapie hyperthermique du cancer). Cette présentation aborde grâce au développement de systèmes d’exposition in vitro et en champ proche l’évaluation de l’association d’ondes RF avec d’autres agents polluants dont des nanomatériaux
Molecular Relationship Between Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors and Their Heterologous Elements
No full textInternational audienceSince the histogenesis of heterologous elements within Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) is poorly understood, we aimed to study the molecular relationship between Sertoli cells and the heterologous elements in 16 ovarian SLCTs. We performed a comprehensive molecular study on both SLCT and heterologous components, separately. Eleven tumors (68.7%) had one heterologous element and 5/16 (31.3%) had 2. Heterologous elements were epithelial (7/21 [81%]) (benign mucinous epithelium [9/21, 42.9%], borderline mucinous tumor [1/21, 4.8%], infiltrative mucinous adenocarcinoma [3/21, 14.3%], carcinoid tumor [3/21, 14.3%], and hepatocytes [1/21,4.8%]) or mesenchymal (4/21, 19%) (rhabdomyosarcoma [3/21,14.3%] and chondrosarcoma [1/21, 4.8%]). A DICER1 pathogenic variant was shared between SLCT and the heterologous elements in all cases with interpretable results (15/15), and other common likely-pathogenic/pathogenic variants were shared between SLCTs and heterologous components (3/16, 18.75%), favoring a clonal relationship. In contrast, the identification of distinct variants between components favored a different evolution. The molecular profile of heterologous elements differed from that of their ovarian counterparts occurring without SLCT (eg, mucinous heterologous elements were KRAS wild-type). Chromosome 8 gains, TERT and NRAS/KRAS variants, and absence of fusion transcript, were the hallmark of rhabdomyosarcoma components (3/3, 100%). The progression-free survival rate was significantly shorter for patients with TERT pathogenic variant ( P =0.0029). One patient had pleomorphic Sertoli cells associated with TP53 variants and very poor prognosis with early recurrence after complete initial surgery of a stage IA tumor. These data highlight the biological relationship between SLCTs and their heterologous elements, and the clinical usefulness of identifying pathogenic variants (ie, TERT and TP53 ), although this last point needs to be confirmed in a larger series
Modélisation numérique d’un instrument à vent réel et confrontation à la mesure expérimentale
No full textWind instruments making has long relied on traditional craftsmanship, associated with an empirical knowledge of the mechanics that govern their functioning. Although the latter involves many coupled physical phenomena, it is mainly modelled by a purely acoustic approach based on the impedance at the input of the instrument. To access this quantity, the use of exclusively numerical methods is currently limited, either by the accuracy - semi-analytical models - which does not meet the requirements of professional musicians, or by the computational time - highly predictive models based on the numerical resolution of partial differential equations - which are not compatible with industrial time-to-market , because of the multi-resolution context. This work proposes two levels of model reduction for the 3D finite element simulation (FEM) of the Helmholtz problem, which allow to integrate the fine geometric details of the complex air column designed by the maker, with limited computational costs (time and memory). The first level is based on the reduction of the studied domain by static condensation, combined with parallel and distributed modelling and resolution strategies, combining frequency interpolation and low-rank approximations for the storage of Schur complements. The second level is based on a non-invasive Free Form Deformation (FFD) method, based on B-Splines functions, which allows to restricted the analysis to be a regular subspace of the finite element approximation space, significantly reducing the number of degrees of freedom in the problem. This reduced 3D FEM-FFD modelling offers an overall cost saving in computational time of at least two orders of magnitude compared to a standard 3D FEM approach, and is validated by comparison with experimental measurements. As part of a modelling approach for the real instrument, the influence of the thermodynamic aspects of the playing was investigated experimentally, and an impedance measurement setup was specifically designed to allow acquisitions under controlled flow and temperature conditions. Finally, a image-based model based on tomographic data was proposed to analyse the influence of metallurgical operations on geometric and surface defects.La facture des instruments de musique à vent a longtemps reposé sur le savoir-faire artisanal, associé à une connais- sance empirique de la mécanique qui en régit le fonctionnement. Si ce dernier implique de nombreux phénomènes physiques couplés, il est principalement modélisé par une approche purement acoustique basée sur l’impédance à l’entrée de l’instrument. Pour accéder à cette quantité, l’utilisation des méthodes exclusivement numériques est actuellement limitée, soit par leur précision — modèles semi-analytiques — qui ne satisfait pas les exigences des musiciens professionnels, soit par leurs temps de calcul — modèles hautement prédictifs basés sur la résolution nu- mérique des équations aux dérivées partielles — qui, en raison du contexte multi-résolution, ne sont pas compatibles avec les délais industriels. Ce travail propose deux niveaux de réduction de modèle pour la simulation par éléments finis (FEM) 3D du problème de Helmholtz non-convecté, qui permettent au facteur d’intégrer les fins détails géomé- triques de la perce complexe de ses objets, pour des coûts de calcul (temps et mémoire) limités. Le premier niveau s’appuie sur la réduction du domaine d’étude par condensation statique, associée à des stratégies de modélisation et de résolution parallèle et distribuée, combinant interpolation fréquentielle et approximations de faible rang pour le stockage des compléments de Schur. Le second niveau repose sur une méthode de Free Form Deformation (FFD), non-intrusive, basée sur des fonctions B-Splines, qui permet de restreindre l’analyse à un sous-espace régulier de l’espace d’approximation des éléments finis et donc de réduire considérablement le nombre de degrés de liberté du problème. Cette modélisation FEM-FFD 3D réduite est validée par comparaison à la mesure expérimentale et offre un gain total d’au moins deux ordres de grandeur sur les temps de calcul comparativement à une approche FEM 3D standard. Dans une démarche de modélisation de l’instrument réel, l’influence des conditions thermodynamiques du jeu a été investiguée expérimentalement et un pont d’impédance permettant des acquisitions sous écoulement, de dé- bit et température contrôlés, a été spécifiquement développé. Pour analyser l’influence des opérations métallurgiques sur les défauts géométriques et de surface, une modélisation basée sur les images tomographiques est finalement proposée
Relationship between hygiene practices in breeding catteries and kennels on gastrointestinal parasite infestation
No full textInternational audienc
Na2-Mn[Fe(CN)6] Prussian blue analog cathodes for Na-ion batteries – From fundamentals to practical demonstration
No full textInternational audiencePrussian blue analogues (PBAs) hold significant promise as potential cathode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their various merits, such as large interstitial voids enabling efficient diffusive pathways, high theoretical capacity, ease of synthesis and lower cost. However, the structural water unavoidably generated during the synthesis significantly impacts the practical applications of PBAs. While it provides structural support, it can also undergo side reactions with sodium, compromising the stability and overall performance. To address this, we here in focus on the specific role of interstitial structural water in Na2-xMn[Fe(CN)6]1-y•y•nH2O analogue, leading to the formation of hydrated H-NaMnHCF and dehydrated D-NaMnHCF. This allows us to elucidate the impact of interstitial structural water on the charge storage mechanisms in a comparative manner, using a combination of ex situ and in situ tools, including solid-state NMR, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and IR fiber-optic evanescent-wavespectroscopy (IR-FOEWS). From this gained knowledge, we elaborated a processing protocol enabling the straightforward assembly of NaMnHCF 18650 cells using hard carbon (HC) anodes, demonstrating capacities of 548 mAh and high-rate capabilities (72 % of initial capacity at 10C). We believe that this contribution is of special interest to accelerate the commercial development of NaMnHCF PBA-based SIBs
Dos Hermanos Mélange reveals presence of Eurasia-derived crustal fragments accreted in the Philippine Mobile Belt
No full textInternational audienceMélanges are among the most diagnostic indicators of plate tectonics and ancient plate interactions because they often record subduction, accretionary and collisional processes. Here, we present an integrated study of zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic and geochemical data to constrain the exact origin, character and nature of the continental fragments beneath northern Luzon. The Dos Hermanos Mélange (DHM) contains various clasts composed of basalts, cherts, gabbros, peridotites and schists. The presence of both magmatic and inherited zircons from this unit poses essential questions concerning their origin and provenance. Igneous zircons (n=34) from DHM gabbro gave a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 114.85 ± 0.85 Ma interpreted as the crystallization age of the gabbro. The εHf(t) values between -25.4 to -3.5 suggests a crustally contaminated mantle-derived magma formed in a continental setting. Older zircons from the same sample show inherited ages clustering at ca. 235 Ma (n=3), 760 Ma (n=2), 1860 Ma (n=8), and 2460 Ma (n=3). These older zircons have heterogenous εHf(t) values from -25.2 to +2.0 suggesting a strong crustal contribution and show the involvement of ancient crustal material with Yanshanian, Indosinian and Paleoproterozoic age populations, consistent with a provenance comparable to the detrital zircons from the Cathaysian Block in SE China. Conversely, the detrital zircon ages of DHM schist range from 185-250 Ma with no older components. This sample shows uniformly high and positive εHf(t) values from + 24.2 to +11.1 suggesting that juvenile parental magmas are added to the crust in the Late Triassic. These results allow us to identify old continental zircons suggesting the existence of Cathaysian-derived crustal fragments beneath northern Luzon and compare the results with the isotopic data from western Luzon and eastern Taiwan. We propose that the Mesozoic rocks from the DHM represents an old piece of continent formed adjacent to the Proto-South China Sea (PSCS) that rifted off the Eurasian continental margin during the opening of the SCS/closure of the PSCS and collided with the PSP in the Cenozoic. Our study provides new age constraints for the geodynamic evolution of northern Luzon and its relation to the other tectonic elements of SE Asia
Timing and origin of Sn mineralization in the southern Montagne Noire: new in-situ cassiterite U-Pb ages
No full textInternational audienceSn-W mineralization in the southern French Massif-Central was emplaced during the Variscan orogeny, but the precise age of its formation is open to debate. In-situ U-Pb dating on cassiterite is a robust geochronological method that is now widely used for accurate determination of the age of cassiterite crystallization. South of the Montagne Noire, quartz veins with cassiterite ± tourmaline outcrop discontinuously over 30km in the southern metasedimentary cover bordering the axial zone of the Montagne Noire. Growth zonations imaged by SEM cathodoluminescence indicate a continuous crystallization history, with no or limited post-crystallization perturbation. In-situ U-Pb analyses on cassiterite yielded concordant dates ranging from 303.3 ± 1.5 to 300.0 ± 1.4 Ma. These dates are interpreted as the ages of cassiterite crystallization associated with the exhumation of the Montagne Noire dome. The crystallization of cassiterite is contemporaneous with the anatectic granitic magmatism of the axial zone of the Montagne Noire and with the pegmatites that border the southern zone of the dome. We interpret the cassiterite-quartz veins as the most distal expression of hydrothermal fluid circulation from the anatectic granitic magmatism of the axial zone of the Montagne Noire dome, produced during its exhumation. These fluids were drained by the shear zones controlling the formation of the dome. At the scale of the French Massif-Central, these cassiterites represent the most recent Sn mineralization stage of the Variscan orogeny and are consistent with the progressive rejuvenation of ages observed moving south along the chain
Initiatives of Mars Planet Technologies in Italy
No full textInternational audienceThe article provides an overview of the ongoing projects under the enterprise Mars Planet Technologies S.r.l., including research activities, industrial initiatives, and the educational outreach efforts to spread Mars-related activities in Italy. Key points are the development of an industrial ecosystem able to provide simulations and space research activities, among others. Additionally, Mars Planet Technologies S.r.l. is implementing educational programs like “robotsforspace.space” to engage students and the public in space exploration, as well as fostering collaborations with industrial partners to accelerate Space-focused potential innovation.Cet article présente un aperçu des projets en cours menés par l'entreprise Mars Planet Technologies S.r.l., notamment ses activités de recherche, ses initiatives industrielles et ses actions de sensibilisation et d'éducation visant à promouvoir les activités liées à Mars en Italie. Parmi les points clés figurent le développement d'un écosystème industriel capable de fournir des simulations et de mener des activités de recherche spatiale. Par ailleurs, Mars Planet Technologies S.r.l. met en œuvre des programmes éducatifs tels que « robotsforspace.space » afin d'initier les étudiants et le grand public à l'exploration spatiale, et encourage les collaborations avec des partenaires industriels pour accélérer l'innovation dans le domaine spatial.L'articolo fornisce una panoramica dei progetti in corso nell'ambito dell'azienda Mars Planet Technologies S.r.l., tra cui attività di ricerca, iniziative industriali e iniziative di sensibilizzazione educativa per diffondere le attività legate a Marte in Italia. I punti chiave sono, tra gli altri, lo sviluppo di un ecosistema industriale in grado di fornire simulazioni e attività di ricerca spaziale. Inoltre, Mars Planet Technologies S.r.l. sta implementando programmi educativi come "robotsforspace.space" per coinvolgere studenti e pubblico nell'esplorazione spaziale, oltre a promuovere collaborazioni con partner industriali per accelerare il potenziale di innovazione incentrato sullo spazio
Quantitative interpretation of the chemical composition of lepidolite and estimation of the fluorine content of aqueous solutions in equilibrium
No full textin press The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and PetrologyIt is well established that lepidolites are mixtures between a di-octahedral pole, i.e., muscovite (Mus) K(Al 2 ) [Si 3 AlO 10 ] (OH) 2 , and two tri-octahedral poles, i.e., trilithionite (Trl) K(Li 1.5 Al 1.5 ) [Si 3 AlO 10 ] (F, OH) 2 and polylithionite (Pol) K(Li 2 Al) [Si 4 O 10 ] (F) 2 . Due to variations in xF = F/ (F + OH) in the Trl component, four components must be considered: Mus, F-Trl, OH-Trl, F-Pol. Based on 22 analyses from the Tanco pegmatite, the mole fractions (xi) of each of the components were calculated by solving a linear matrix using the EPMA Si-Al-F and ICP-Ms Li values. The values of x(Mus) range from 0.1 to 0.4 and are perfectly correlated with the values of octahedral vacant sites. The values of x(OH-Trl) reachas high as 0.7 with a large proportion in the 0.35-0.42 range. These results demonstrate that all the Li-components are tri-octahedral and that the name "Li-muscovite" is not appropriate. This allows for the calculation of fluoride concentrations in aqueous solutions in equilibrium with lepidolites using the HCh software by Yuri Shvarov (Lomonosov Moscow State University). The thermodynamic properties for the F-Trl and F-Pol components are known from experimental work, but those for the OH-Trl component remain unknown. For a preliminary approach, these properties were estimated using those of OH-and F-phlogopite as models. The results of the calculations are presented for 1kb and T = 400 and 500°C. The solutions in equilibrium with lepidolites exhibit a high ionic strength (I), leading to log(mFtotal) values ranging from ~ -0.7 to ~ -0.4 at 400°C, and from ~ -1.2 to ~ -0.9 at 500°C. These high F concentrations are consistent with calculations based on the experimental calibration of the geo-fluorimeter.</div