HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
Not a member yet
159308 research outputs found
Sort by
Détection d'anomalies par partitionnement des séries temporelles multi-variées
No full textNational audienceIn this article, we suggest a novel non-supervised partition based anomaly detection method for anomaly detection in multivariate time series called PARADISE. This methodology creates a partition of the variables of the time series while ensuring that the inter-variable relations remain untouched. This partitioning relies on the clustering of multiple correlation coefficients between variables to identify subsets of variables before executing anomaly detection algorithms locally for each of those subsets. Through multiple experimentations done on both synthetic and real datasets coming from the literature, we show the relevance of our approach with a significant improvement in anomaly detection performance.Dans cet article, nous proposons une méthode non-supervisée de détection des anomalies dans les séries temporelles multi-variées par partitionnement appelée PARADISE. Cette méthode consiste à créer une partition des variables de la série temporelle étudiée en garantissant la conservation des relations inter-variables servant à identifier les anomalies. Ce partitionnement repose sur un clustering de plusieurs corrélations entre variables. La détection des anomalies est réalisée localement sur chacune des parties. Plusieurs expérimentations effectuées sur des jeux de données synthétiques et réels issus de la littérature, montrent la pertinence de l'approche avec une amélioration significative de la détection d'anomalies
Pinch line spin liquids as layered Coulomb phases and applications to cubic models
No full textInternational audienceSpin liquids form fluctuating magnetic textures which have to obey certain rules imposed by frustration. These rules can often be written in the form of a Gauss law, indicating the local conservation of an emergent electric field. In reciprocal space, these emergent Gauss laws appear as singularities known as pinch points that are accessible to neutron-scattering measurements. But more exotic forms of electromagnetism have been stabilized in spin liquids, and in a few rare instances, these zero-dimensional singularities have been extended into one-dimensional pinch lines. Here we propose a simple framework for the design of pinch line spin liquids in a layered structure of two-dimensional algebraic spin liquids. A plethora of models can be build within this framework, as exemplified by several concrete examples where our theory is confirmed by simulations, and where the rank of the tensorial gauge field is continuously varied along the pinch line, opening new avenues in fractonic matter. Then we use our framework to understand how the evolution of the singularity pinch point along the pinch line can be understood as the interference pattern of two emergent electric fields. Finally, we apply our intuition on these emergent electric fields in real space to generic pinch line models beyond our layered framework and revisit the recently proposed pinch line model on the octochlore lattice
Inférence démographique et données génomiques de populations structurées
No full textThe development of genomic sequencing has opened up new possibilities in the field of population genetics and expanded the horizons of population genetic studies. In parallel. coalescent theory has provided a powerful simulation framework that has helped population geneticists improve their understanding of past evolutionary processes. However, interpreting genetic and genomic data can be challenging, as different demographic processes often produce similar genomic signatures. In this manuscript, we aim to understand the behaviour of the IICR to improve the interpretation of demographic inferences through simulations and genomic data of Zosterops. First, we validated previous work of the group that showed that the IICRk, an extension of the IICR to k individuals, can be used to distinguish between panmictic and structured populations. We also explored the effect of both the sampling size and scheme on the IICRk curves. Then, we explored past population structure using genomic data from three closely related island bird species (genus Zosterops) that exhibit varying levels of structure. We simulated genomic data under different colonisation models where an ancestral structured population colonised an island once and asked how panmictic and structured models can explain patterns of genomic diversity. Lastly, we examined the genetic diversity of the three Zosterops species and assessed their levels of genetic structure using the Fst. This work provides new insights into the population dynamics and structure of island species.L'essor du séquençage de génome entier a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine de la génétique des populations et élargi son champs d'études. Parallèlement, la théorie de la coalescence a apporté une approche de simulation puissant qui a permis aux généticiens des populations d'améliorer leur compréhension des processus évolutifs passés. Cependant, l'interprétation des données génétiques et génomiques peut être complexe, car différents processus démographiques produisent souvent des signatures génomiques similaires. Dans ce manuscrit, nous visons à comprendre le comportement de l'IICR afin d'améliorer l'interprétation des inférences démographiques à travers des simulations et l'analyse de données génomiques issues de Zosterops. Tout d'abord, nous confirmons des résultats antérieurs du groupe montrant que que l'IICRk, une extension de l'IICR à k individus, peut être utilisé pour distinguer des populations panmictiques et structurées. Nous avons également exploré l'effet de la taille et des schémas d'échantillonnage sur les courbes d'IICRk. Ensuite, nous avons étudié la structure passée de populations à l'aide de données génomiques provenant de trois espèces insulaires d'oiseaux (Zosterops) étroitement apparentées, présentant différents niveaux de structure. Nous avons simulé des données génomiques selon différents modèles de colonisation, dans lesquels une population ancestrale structurée colonisé une île, et nous avons évalué dans quelle mesure des modèles panmictiques et structurés peuvent expliquer les motifs de diversité génomique. Enfin, nous avons analysé la diversité génétique des trois espèces de Zosterops et avons évalué leurs niveaux de structure génétique à l'aide du FST
ADONIS® WebApp & Mobile - Acquisition des DonnéeS à INRAE version application Web
No full textADONIS® (Acquisition of Data at INRAE) is an INRAE computer tool that meets the needs of INRAE experimenters for a modern data acquisition tool in the field.Adonis® is a functional tool, deployed at INRAE since 2013. In 2022, Adonis underwent a major evolution with the deployment of the new Adonis® WebApp and Adonis® Mobile application suite, developed as web applications.Adonis® assists the experimenter with their computer entries so that they can be made directly in the field. The use of the application suite ensures the reliability of the entries, ensures their traceability, and allows the sharing of experimental devices between users.ADONIS® (Acquisition des DONnées à INRAE) est un outil informatique INRAE qui répond aux attentes des expérimentateurs d’INRAE de disposer d’un outil moderne d’acquisition de données sur le terrain.Adonis® est un outil fonctionnel, déployé à INRAE depuis 2013. En 2022, Adonis a connu une évolution majeure avec le déploiement de la nouvelle suite applicative Adonis® WebApp et Adonis® Mobile, développée sous forme d’applications web. Adonis® assiste l’expérimentateur lors de ses saisies informatiques afin qu’elles soient directement réalisées sur le terrain. L’utilisation de la suite applicative fiabilise les saisies, assure leur traçabilité et permet le partage de dispositifs expérimentaux entre utilisateurs
Surgical patterns of care of pancreatic cancer. A French population-based study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Surgical resection is the standard recommended treatment in localized pancreatic cancer. The benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is still debated. The aim of this population-based study was to describe the pancreatic cancer surgical management.Material and methods: An observational real-world study from the French Network of Cancer Registries sampled 638 pancreatic adenocarcinomas diagnosed in 2019. Characteristics of patients, tumours and recommended and administered treatments were collected. Operability of the patients and resectability of the tumours were described. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the probability of having surgical resection.Results: Among the 263 (41 %) patients with M0 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 202 patients (77 %) were considered operable and 157 (60 %) also had a tumour considered resectable. Upfront resection was recommended for 68 % and resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 32 % of these patients. Among operable patients with resectable tumour, 36 % underwent upfront R0 resection, and 15 % achieved R0 resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eventually, among M0 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, age over 80 years (OR≥80 years vs < 65 years: 0.16 [0.06-0.39], p < 0.001) and WHO performance status over 0 (OR1-2 vs 0: 0.43 [0.24-0.79], p = 0.013) decreased the odds of having resection. R0 surgical resection was achieved in 61 % of patients selected for upfront surgical recommendation, and 29 % of those selected for a prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion: In a non-selected population, one-third of patients with localized pancreatic cancer had a complete R0 surgical resection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not achieve a resection rate similar to that of patients selected for upfront surgical indication
Étude longitudinale des effets d’un programme d’activités physiques en présentiel ou digital sur la qualité de vie et la motivation de patientes atteintes d'endométriose
No full textInternational audienceContexte : L’endométriose est une pathologie chronique encore méconnue malgré sa prévalence mondiale d’environ 1 femme sur 10 [1]. En dépit des bénéfices engendrés par l’activité physique (AP) dans son accompagnement tertiaire [2], la littérature semble indiquer que les femmes atteintes d’endométriose pratiquent moins que les femmes sans endométriose [3]. Compte tenu des spécificités de l’endométriose, telles que l’isolement social et les contraintes de déplacement, les ressources numériques représentent une option prometteuse pour promouvoir la pratique de l’AP [4]. Cette étude vise à comparer l’efficacité de deux modalités d’accompagnement par l’AP : en présentiel et via une application mobile.Méthodes : 71 femmes (22 en présentiel et 49 en distanciel) atteintes d’endométriose participent à un programme d’accompagnement par de l’AP de 3 mois, réparties en deux groupes : présentiel et distanciel via une application mobile. Trois temps de mesures (début du programme ; 15 jours après le début du programme ; à la fin du programme) sont effectués (i.e., qualité de vie, motivation et intention de poursuite). Des analyses statistiques inférentielles (e.g., modèle linéaire mixte) seront effectuées.Résultats : La récolte des données est en cours. Les résultats et conclusions de cette étude seront présentés lors du colloque. Cette étude doit permettre d’identifier la modalité de pratique la plus bénéfique en termes de motivation à la pratique d’AP et au niveau de l’augmentation de la qualité de vie. Nous supposons que la qualité de vie s’améliorera dans les deux conditions de pratique. Concernant la motivation, cette dernière doit tendre vers une motivation intrinsèque
La répression dynamique de l'expression des gènes par le complexe LSM2-8 est essentielle pour la fertilité et le développement de C. elegans
No full textIn eukaryotic genomes, heterochromatin correlates with gene silencing. Regulation of gene expression and more particularly of gene silencing through heterochromatin is critical for the maintenance of developmental pathways and for ensuring appropriate responses to environmental stimuli. For many years, heterochromatin was thought to be an inert and transcriptionally inactive structure. However, a mechanism of post-transcriptional silencing of facultative heterochromatin has recently been identified in C. elegans. In this pathway, the LSM2-8 complex promotes the selective degradation of transcripts arising from heterochromatic loci bearing the H3K27me3 histone mark, with the help of the exoribonuclease XRN-2. Deletion of lsm-8 led to the absence of a functional LSM2-8 complex, the misregulation of hundreds of genes and appearance of several phenotypes. Here, we have shown that the endogenous LSM-8 protein is highly expressed in all developmental stages and all major cell types in C. elegans, with a particularly high expression in germ cells and oocytes. We found LSM-8 to be mainly localized in the nucleus and to be excluded from H3K27me3-rich regions, suggesting that the LSM2-8 complex may acquire its specificity for regulating H3K27me3-marked genes in an indirect manner. Using the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system, we were able to acutely deplete LSM-8 in a temporal and tissue-specific manner. This conditional degradation of the LSM-8 protein allowed us to further investigate the phenotypes of sterility and developmental delay observed in lsm-8 knockout worms. Surprisingly, LSM-8 appeared to be essential in somatic cells during early larval stages for fertility, whereas depletion of LSM-8 specifically in the germline had no effect on fertility. Interestingly, RNAi-mediated silencing of dlsm8 in D. melanogaster follicle cells, the epithelial cells encasing the germline cells, is also sufficient to induce a sterility phenotype. Together, these results suggest that the LSM2-8-mediated gene silencing in somatic gonadal cells could be required for fertility in C. elegans. As for developmental pace, depletion of LSM-8 in somatic cells led to extended molt and intermolt durations throughout the whole larval development, while depletion of LSM-8 in germline cells did not alter development. These phenotypes emerged within few hours after LSM 8 degradation. Time course RNA-seq following LSM-8 depletion showed that LSM2 8 target genes can be already derepressed within 2 hours after the start of LSM-8 degradation. Together with a preliminary phenotypic rescue experiment, these results suggest that the misregulation of multiple genes could cause the observed developmental delay phenotype. Finally, we examined the localization of PABP-2, MES-2 and XRN-2, three factors implicated in the LSM2-8 silencing pathway and the phenotypes associated with their depletion. Generally, the tools and data generated in this study pave the way for further investigation of the lsm-8-/- phenotypes and for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the LSM2 8 mediated pathway.Dans les génomes eucaryotes, l'hétérochromatine est associée à la répression de l'expression des gènes. La régulation de l'expression des gènes et plus particulièrement de leur répression par l'hétérochromatine est essentielle au bon maintien des voies de développement et à la réponse appropriée aux stimuli environnementaux. Pendant de nombreuses années, l'hétérochromatine a été considérée comme une structure inerte et transcriptionnellement inactive. Cependant, un mécanisme de répression post-transcriptionnelle de l'hétérochromatine facultative a récemment été identifié chez C. elegans. Dans cette voie, le complexe LSM2-8 assure la dégradation sélective de transcrits provenant de loci hétérochromatiques portant la marque d'histone H3K27me3, par l'intermédiaire de l'exoribonucléase XRN-2. La délétion de lsm-8 conduit à l'absence d'un complexe LSM2-8 fonctionnel, à la dérégulation de centaines de gènes et à l'apparition de plusieurs phénotypes. Ici, nous avons démontré que la protéine LSM-8 endogène est fortement exprimé à tous les stades de développement et dans tous les types cellulaires majeurs chez C. elegans, avec une expression particulièrement forte dans les cellules germinales et les oocytes. LSM-8 est principalement exprimée dans le noyau et semble exclue des régions riches en H3K27me3, suggérant que le complexe LSM2-8 obtient sa spécificité pour la dégradation des gènes marqués par H3K27me3 de manière indirecte. En utilisant le système de dégradation inductible par auxine (AID), nous avons pu dégrader rapidement LSM-8 de manière temporellement contrôlée et tissu-spécifique. Cette dégradation conditionnelle de LSM-8 nous a permis d'étudier davantage les phénotypes de stérilité et de retard de développement observés chez les vers lsm-8-/-. Etonnamment, LSM-8 est apparue essentielle dans les cellules somatiques pendant les premiers stades larvaires pour la fertilité, alors que la déplétion de LSM-8 dans les cellules germinales n'a pas affecté la fertilité. La répression par ARNi de dlsm8 dans les cellules folliculaires de D. melanogaster, cellules épithéliales enveloppant les cellules germinales, est suffisante pour induire la stérilité. Ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que la répression des gènes par LSM2-8 dans les cellules somatiques de la gonade serait requise pour la fertilité chez C. elegans. Quant au rythme de développement, la déplétion de LSM-8 dans les cellules somatiques a mené à des inter-mues et mues prolongées tout au long du développement larvaire, alors que la déplétion de LSM-8 dans les cellules germinales n'a pas altérée le développement. Ces phénotypes ont émergé quelques heures seulement après la dégradation de LSM-8. Le séquençage d'ARN au cours du temps après la dégradation de LSM-8 a montré que les gènes régulés par LSM2-8 peuvent être déjà dérégulés après seulement 2 heures de dégradation de LSM-8. Conjointement avec une expérience préliminaire de sauvetage phénotypique, ces résultats suggèrent que la dégradation de plusieurs gènes pourrait être à l'origine du retard de développement observé. Enfin, nous avons examiné la localisation de PABP-2, MES-2 et XRN-2, trois facteurs impliqués dans la voie de répression médiée par LSM2-8, ainsi que les phénotypes associés à leur déplétion. De manière générale, les outils et les données générés au cours de cette étude ouvrent la voie à des recherches plus approfondies sur les phénotypes liés à lsm-8-/- et à une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme moléculaire de la voie médiée par LSM2-8
Information visualization for supporting short-term and long-term situation awareness in ground segments monitoring: application to SWOT command and control operations
No full textInternational audienceThe CNES-funded project called STRECCC (STudy and Recommendations for the Ergonomics of Command and Control Centers) studies ground segment interactive applications, their user interfaces, and how the controllers interact with them, to identify solutions ensuring the usability of future, more automated command and control centers. The nature of the operations evolves, along with the skills, knowledge, and expertise of controllers. Their profile evolves being less technical and with less knowledge in the underlying systems or telecommunications. The STRECCC project addresses these evolutions by designing advanced user interfaces improving performance and situation awareness of the controller. The designs deeply exploit knowledge and research contributions in the area of information visualization and Human-Computer Interaction. In this paper, we present the approach, based on task models, we applied to investigate the usability of the SWOT Control and Command Center (CCC). Based on the study we performed, we present two prototypes of interactive visualizations to enhance operations by improving the perception and understanding of numerous information while performing different types of tasks (e.g., identifying a disconnected antenna, comparing the processing state of two telecommands …). From the results of a predictive evaluation and preliminary empirical feedback, they improve the situation awareness of the controllers by providing a long-term (a full week) perspective on recent-past and future operations
Prediction of Speech Impairment in Patients Treated for Oral or Oropharyngeal Cancer Using Automatic Speech Analysis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Perceptual evaluation of speech disorders produces scores that poorly predict the consequences of speech impairment on the communication abilities of patients treated for oral/oropharyngeal cancer. This may be mitigated by automatic speech analysis. Aim: To measure communication and speech impairment using automatic analyses of spontaneous speech and self-administered questionnaires in patients treated for oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer. Methods and Procedures: The spontaneous speech of 25 patients was recorded during a semistructured interview. Various acoustic and automatic tools were applied to the speech signal to obtain scores relating to the different linguistic levels. Reduction of dimensionality was applied to retain only relevant and nonredundant parameters. Self-administered questionnaires assessing communication and associated factors (associated deficits, anxiety/depression, cognitive status, communication needs relating to social circles, self-perception of speech impairment and quality of life) were conducted. A predictive modelling of communication and speech impairment by LASSO regression was performed using the scores from the automatic tools alone, which were then combined with the scores arising from the questionnaires. Outcomes and Results: A total of 149 automatic parameters were extracted from the speech signal, of which 75 were retained after dimensional reduction. Predictive modelling of communication and speech impairment [Holistic Communication Score (HoCoS)] using the selected automatic parameters (number of sonants and occlusives recognised per second) provides a correlation of 0.83 between the predicted and actual score. This modelling is reliable (r S = 0.82 between five-fold cross-validation and HoCoS). The correlation reaches 0.89 when including associated factors in the modelling, while maintaining a high reliability (r S = 0.70 between five-fold cross-validation and HoCoS). Conclusions and Implications:The use of automatic speech analysis allows a reliable prediction of the communication and speech impairment experienced by the patients. This study opens up new perspectives for the use of automatic speech recognition systems in clinical evaluation and for the consideration of functional and psychosocial needs expressed by the patients during their follow-up
Multiband cross-fractal antenna integrated with SRR metamaterials for high-sensitivity liquid characterization and optimal frequency band identification
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This study presents a novel compact planar antenna based on cross-fractal geometry integrated with square split-ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials for advanced multiband liquid characterization and optimal frequency band detection. The proposed sensor synergistically combines the space-filling properties of fractal structures with the electromagnetic field enhancement capabilities of metamaterials to achieve exceptional sensitivity across a broad 1−10 GHz frequency range while maintaining an ultra-compact (10 × 10) mm 2 footprint, which corresponds to wavelength dimensions the order of 0.013 λ 0 × 0.013 λ 0 (where λ 0 is the free-space wavelength calculated at the lowest operating frequency), and demonstrates a high gain of 4.28 dBi. The SRR metamaterial integration significantly enhances frequency selectivity and field confinement, resulting in an impressive S 11 variation of −23 dB and a remarkable sensitivity of 300 MHz when tested with deionized water-representing a 50-fold improvement over existing sensors. A key innovation lies in the systematic identification of the optimal frequency band through comprehensive multiband analysis, where experimental validation using pure water, pure ethanol, and water-ethanol mixtures reveals that the 5 GHz band exhibits the highest sensitivity to dielectric property variations. The sensor requires only ∼100 mm 3 of test liquid, enabling point-of-care applications with limited sample availability, while rigorous evaluation of sample holder configurations ensures minimal measurement perturbations and optimal accuracy. Comparative analysis demonstrates superior performance over existing fractal and metamaterial-based biosensors in sensitivity (300 MHz versus 0.4–0.7 MHz) with a bandwidth fraction of 54.54%, sample volume requirement (100 mm 3 versus 300–5000 mm 3 ), operational bandwidth (multiband versus narrow sub-bands), and gain (4.28 dBi versus 2.28–3.15 dB). The standard printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication process ensures cost-effectiveness and scalability, while vector network analyzer calibration and excellent agreement between simulated and experimental results validate the design’s reliability. This work establishes a new benchmark for compact, high-sensitivity microwave sensors and provides valuable insights for frequency band selection optimization, with significant implications for next-generation biosensors in medical diagnostics, chemical analysis, and environmental monitoring applications