HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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Multi-block analyses reveal that standing activity on the day of farrowing and newborn aggression are main factors contributing to litter survival and growth in primiparous sows among a hundred maternal traits
No full textInternational audienceWe used a crossbreeding design between the Meishan and Large White breeds to cover a maximum of the variability existing in maternal populations. We considered the sow as a system and our objectives were 1/ to explore the relationships between groups of functional or behavioural traits and 2/ to quantify their importance for litter mortality and growth during the 1st week of lactation. The primiparous sows were reared in individual pens with straw on the floor. Their activity was measured automatically by computer vision and we usedCLR data from daily time budget on postures and standing activity (eating, drinking, exploring). Their responsiveness to humans and piglets was assessed by on-farm notations. We measured 100 maternal traits and grouped them into 11 blocks : X1 Farrowing performance and environment; X2 Body reserves at maternity entry; X3 Udder quality; X4 Reactivity at maternity entry; X5 Reactivity at farrowing; X6 Standing activity before D0; X7 Postural activity at D0; X8 Postural activity after D0; X9 Standing activity before D0; X10 Standing activity at D0; X11 Standing activity after D0. Functional and behavioural predictors of the proportion of dead piglets to live-born piglets and litter weight gain, which were calculated for three periods after birth (D0-D1, D1-D3 and D3-D7), were adjusted for the effects of breed and litter size. Multi-block partial least squares analyses were applied separately to mortality and growth traits. The hundred traits explained 85% of the variation in the mortality block and 79.6% of that in the growth block. X3 and X7 had a significant effect (P<0.05) and together explained ~25% of mortality and ~30% of growth. X10 explained 15.8% of mortality (P<0.05) and X2, X5, X9 had a contribution ≥ 9.8% each. Time spent eating and exploring while standing in the first 24 hours after the onset of farrowing influenced mortality and growth significantly. Time spent lying on the side at D0 and newborn aggression also influenced litter mortality. Teat functionality and diameter influenced growth. Sow behaviour plays an important role in early piglet production
Over 1kV Deep Depletion Diamond MOSFET
No full textInternational audienceTwo deep depletion diamond metal-oxidesemiconductor field-effect transistors (D3MOSFETs) are introduced. The first is a fingered transistor designed to parallelize several similar devices and create interdigitated structures. The device has a gate width of 630 µm and delivers a 2.5 mA current at VDS = -15 V, VGS = -10 V, 450 K, with a grounded backside. Its specific ON-resistance and threshold voltage are 400 mΩ•cm² and 19 V, respectively. The breakdown voltage was measured at 362 V at 300 K. Several functional devices were demonstrated, enabling the possibility of achieving a total current exceeding 50 mA by paralleling multiple working fingers. The second device is an elementary D3MOSFET. Its gate width was 130 µm, and its current was 38 µA. By biasing the backside from 0 V to -30 V, the current increased from 38 µA to 200 µA, corresponding to a RON.S of 1.2 Ω•cm² (450 K). The threshold voltage was measured at 2 V, and the breakdown voltage exceeded 1 kV at 300 K. This breakdown voltage value is the highest reported for a D3MOSFET, corresponding to simulated peak electric fields of 3.1 MV/cm, 6.5 MV/cm and 7.1 MV/cm respectively in the diamond drift region, Al2O3 gate oxide and Si3N4 passivation
On the optimal control of birhythmic oscillatory PWA systems: an application to the p53-Mdm2 network
No full textAccepted for publication in CDC 2025 - 64th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Dec 2025, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilIn this work, we tackle the problem of inducing optimal transfers between the two oscillatory regimes of a birhythmic genetic network, represented through a piecewise affine dynamical system. For that, we resort to an adaptation of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to the hybrid setting, with a cost function that combines the transfer time and an L¹-control cost. We focus on a two-dimensional PWA model of the p53-Mdm2 network, a well-known tumor suppressor module that represents a key example of birhythmicity naturally found in mammalian cells. The resulting optimal control can be expressed in feedback form, and is able to remove an oscillatory mode of the system, allowing selection between low or high frequency oscillations of the bimodal genetic network
A reliable activity proxy in SPIRou spectra of M dwarfs using machine learning
No full textInternational audienceContext. Recent instruments have extended radial velocity observations from the optical domain to the near-infrared range (NIR). In particular, this has allowed M dwarfs to be studied more extensively, which is notable because they are known to host rocky planets more frequently. However, these stars also have, on average, stronger magnetic activity compared to solar-type stars, and investigating this magnetic activity is key to uncovering any planets around such stars.Aims. This paper aims to extensively test a new reliable magnetic activity indicator named W1 and confirm it as a proxy for the small-scale magnetic field for M dwarf stars.Methods. The magnetic activity indicator W1 is derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) applied on the per-line differential line width (dLW). However, the PCA is highly sensitive to contamination from telluric residuals in the spectra. Therefore, we employed a filtering technique based on such machine learning tools as the unsupervised dimensional reduction (DR) algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) to remove faulty lines. We assessed the performance of this filtering method using a simulation of observations of the per-line dLW variations before applying it to NIR high-resolution spectroscopic observations from SPIRou (at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope) of five targets with various stellar magnetic activity levels, spectral types, and rotation periods contained in the SPIRou Legacy Survey, namely AU Mic, EV Lac, GJ1286, GJ1289, and G1 410.Results. The filtered W1 signal is modulated with a period consistent with the rotation period retrieved from activity indicators, corresponding to the magnetic activity for all the stars studied. It also correlates with the small-scale magnetic field of all five stars, with a direct Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.80. Additionally, we identified 201 stellar lines that are particularly sensitive to magnetic activity that could be valuable for the study of magnetic fields
Structure-dependent degradation of milk oligosaccharides by newly isolated intestinal commensal bacterial strains from suckling piglets and rabbits
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundMammalian milk oligosaccharides serve as the first natural prebiotics for newborns, promoting the development of a beneficial gut microbiota. The ability of bacteria to use these complex sugars depends on their structure, but data are limited to bacteria isolated from newborn humans. This study aims to investigate in vitro the functional relationship between the structural variability of milk oligosaccharides and the metabolic capacities of newly intestinal commensal bacteria isolated from suckling rabbits and piglets.ResultsA total of 240 anaerobic intestinal bacterial strains were isolated from suckling piglets and rabbits, and 9 strains were cultivated in the presence of structurally different milk oligosaccharides: lacto-N-tetraose, 2'-fucosyllactose, and 3'-sialyllactose or 6'-sialyllactose. Five strains, belonging to Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides sp. D2, Bacteroides sp. 3_1_33FAA and Phocaeicola vulgatus were able to utilize milk oligosaccharides. Growth curves revealed that glucose supported faster growth, while, leading to a lower final biomass compared to milk oligosaccharides. Both the growth rate and the final bacterial biomass varied depending on the milk oligosaccharide structure, with higher final biomass reached with 2'-fucosyllactose. The consumption rates of milk oligosaccharides exceeded 40% for all oligosaccharides in B. fragilis, Bacteroides sp. 3_1_33FAA and P. vulgatus strains. Conversely, B. thetaiotaomicron with 6'-sialyllactose and Bacteroides sp. D2 strains for each milk oligosaccharide displayed a consumption rate below 40%. Milk oligosaccharide fermentation generated a more diverse metabolome compared to glucose. Utilization of milk oligosaccharides increased the production of propionate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, 2-methylbutyrate and 1,2-propanediol. Remarkably, fermentation of 2'-fucosyllactose resulted in substantial 1,2-propanediol production. Whole genome sequencing of the bacterial strains revealed the presence of diverse glycoside hydrolase in the strains capable of metabolizing milk oligosaccharides.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the capacity of diverse intestinal commensal bacteria from suckling rabbits and piglets to ferment diverse milk oligosaccharide structures, revealing species-specific and milk oligosaccharide structure-dependent metabolization profiles. These findings highlight the potential application of milk oligosaccharides as prebiotic supplements to support gut health in farm animals
3763 AI-based contouring in MR gynaecologic brachytherapy workflow: A Practical Evaluation
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Daily Evapotranspiration and Water Stress L2 products from the TRISHNA mission.
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Presence, genetic characterization, geographic distribution and associated risk factors of feline hemoplasmas in Paraguay
No full textInternational audienceHemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are small, wall-less bacteria that parasitize red blood cells and can induce hemolytic anemia in felines. The three main species known to infect cats worldwide are Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMht) and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicencis (CMt). These species differ in their pathogenicity and prevalence, Mhf being the most pathogenic and CMht the most prevalent. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, genetic characterization, associated risk factors and geographical distribution of feline hemoplasmas in Paraguay. DNA was extracted from feline whole blood samples submitted by local veterinarians to the CEDIVEP laboratory for the detection of feline hemoplasmas; Mhf (456 samples), CMht (428 samples), and CMt (359 samples) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 76/456 samples (16%) were positive for Mhf, 77/428 (18%) were positive for CMht, and no animals were positive for CMt by PCR. Sequencing, BLAST and phylogenetic analysis were performed to confirm the identity of 16 S rRNA and was supported by the distinct separation of species-specific clades. Positive animals were found in both regions of the country (eastern and western), and the Department with the highest prevalence was Central with 70/76 (92,1%) positive for Mhf and 70/77 (90,9%) positive for CMht. The prevalence of feline hemoplasmas in domestic cats in both regions of Paraguay was determined by PCR. Male sex was a risk factor for Mhf and CMht. Age between 1 and 3 years was a risk factor for CMht and mixed breed and Siamese was a risk factor for Mhf. Feline mycoplasmosis had a greater presence in Central deparment Paraguay and more frequently affected mixed breed and common European cats
Are the Kids Alright? Dehydration and High Temperatures During Pregnancy Impact Offspring Physiology, Morphology, and Survival in a Cold-adapted Lizard
No full textFrom the symposium “Identifying the physiological mechanisms that underlie phenotypic responses to rapid environmental chang e” presented at the annual meeting of the Society for In tegrative and Comparative Biology, January 3–6, 2024 Atlanta, Georgia.International audienceClimate change will continue to increase mean global temperatures, with daily minima increasing more than daily maxima temperatures on average. In addition, altered rainfall patterns due to climate change will disrupt water availability. Such changes are likely to influence thermo-hydroregulation and reproduction strategies in terrestrial ectotherms. We manipulated access to preferred diurnal temperature (9 h vs. 4 h at preferred temperature), nocturnal temperature at rest (22 vs. 17°C) as well as water availability during gestation (± ad libitum access to water) in female common lizards (Zootoca vivipara), a cold- and wet-adapted species. We previously reported that hot conditions (day and night) accelerated gestation but high nighttime temperatures increased the burden on females already constrained by heavy resource and water investment during gestation. We expanded the understanding of this relationship by examining the effects of maternal hydration and temperature on offspring (neonates and juveniles; N = 625) physiology (water loss rates and respiratory activity), morphology, performance (endurance capacity and growth), and survival. On average, longer access to preferred temperature during the day conferred benefits on offspring growth and survival, despite a negative effect on body condition at birth. High nighttime temperatures during gestation reduced offspring postnatal growth during early life and, together with high daytime temperatures, reduced tail width and endurance capacity at birth as well as offspring survival. Additionally, water deprivation poses a challenge to homeostasis, but offspring demonstrate resilience in coping with this potential stressor and these effects were not stronger in hot climates. Notably, the benefits of hotter environments are not always additive, highlighting the complexity of temperature-mediated effects on maternal and offspring outcomes
