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Understandable Timing Analysis of Service-Oriented Architecture Components in Software-Defined Vehicle
No full textInternational audienceThe transition toward Software-Defined Vehicles is reshaping the automotive industry, with vehicle functionalities increasingly determined by software rather than hardware. This paradigm, enabled by Hardware Abstraction Layers, improves software portability and upgradability; however, it also introduces challenges in timing analysis for safetycritical functions that demand an estimation of their reaction times. Existing timing analysis techniques, including those designed for frameworks like ROS 2, often neglect uncertainties in execution times, fail to attribute delays to specific software components, and provide limited insights into the causes of timing variability-hindering system optimisation. This paper presents a novel timing analysis framework for SDVs that overcomes these limitations by leveraging a minimal yet sufficient set of timing information exposed by the HAL. The framework accounts for uncertainty in both hardware and software, models logical timing requirements of components, and estimates reaction time and its variability while explaining their root causes. We demonstrate the applicability and benefits of our approach through a running example, showing how it enables more transparent and informed system design
Prise en charge de l’anxiété en rééducation chez les femmes souffrant de dyspareunie
No full textDyspareunia is a genital-pelvic pain during sexual intercourses, the aetiology of which is multifactorial, complex and still poorly understood. It impairs women's quality of life, with a strong anxiety component that is both a cause and a consequence of the pain. This anxiety maintains a vicious circle of catastrophisation, avoidance and increased pain. Faced with this situation, a biopsychosocial approach is now recommended. This study deals with how physiotherapists deal with anxiety during genito-pelvic rehabilitation sessions for women suffering from dyspareunia. A qualitative study, based on five comprehensive interviews conducted with physiotherapists (PT) specialists, explores the clinical strategies implemented to optimise treatment. Thematic, frequency and interpretative phenomenological analyses revealed that PT mobilise three types of strategy: relational (listening, education, therapeutic alliance), bodily (breathing, relaxation, massage, mobility) and psychotherapeutic (mindfulness, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mental imagery). Their application is often intuitive and dependent of the PT. Lack of training, lack of clarity about the psychological role of the therapist, inter-professional compartmentalisation and the absence of standardised protocols are all obstacles to their application. These limitations call for a rethink in the training of physiotherapists, the incorporation of validated anxiety management tools, and the promotion of comprehensive, coordinated care. This study initiates the reflexion of a greater recognition of the role of physiotherapists in the mind-body management of female sexual pain.La dyspareunie est une douleur génito-pelvienne survenant lors des rapports sexuels, dont l’étiologie est multifactorielle, complexe et encore mal comprise. Elle altère la qualité de vie des femmes, avec une forte composante anxieuse, à la fois cause et conséquence de la douleur. Cette anxiété entretient un cercle vicieux de catastrophisation, d’évitement et de majoration de la douleur. Face à cela, une approche biopsychosociale est aujourd’hui recommandée.Cette étude s’intéresse à la manière dont les kinésithérapeutes prennent en charge l’anxiété au cours des séances de rééducation génito-pelvienne chez les femmes souffrant de dyspareunie. Une étude qualitative, fondée sur cinq entretiens compréhensifs menés auprès de masseurs-kinésithérapeutes (MK) spécialisés, nous a permis d’explorer les stratégies cliniques mises en œuvre pour optimiser le traitement. Les analyses thématiques, fréquentielles et phénoménologiques interprétatives ont révélés que les MK mobilisent trois types de stratégies : relationnelles (écoute, éducation, alliance thérapeutique), corporelles (respiration, relaxation, massage, mobilité) et psychothérapeutiques (pleine conscience, thérapie cognitivo-comportementale (TCC) , imagerie mentale). Leur application est souvent intuitive et dépendante du MK. Le manque de formation, le flou sur le rôle psychologique du MK, le cloisonnement interprofessionnel et l’absence de protocoles standardisés constituent des freins à leur application. Ces limites appellent à repenser la formation des MK, à intégrer des outils validés de gestion de l’anxiété, et à promouvoir une prise en charge globale et coordonnée. Cette étude ouvre ainsi la voie à une meilleure reconnaissance du rôle du kinésithérapeute dans la gestion psychocorporelle de la douleur sexuelle féminine
Prescription des substituts nicotiniques par les masseurs kinésithérapeutes spécialisés en rééducation cardio-respiratoire : freins, stratégies et perspectives d’intégration dans la pratique clinique
No full textSmoking is a major public health issue and a leading cause of cardio-respiratory diseases. Despite the authorization granted in 2016 for physiotherapists specialized in cardio-respiratory rehabilitation to prescribe nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs), their involvement in this practice remains limited. This study aims to identify the barriers to this kind of prescriptions and the strategies that could facilitate their implementation. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a preliminary quantitative survey with an in-depth qualitative analysis. Six comprehensive interviews were conducted with specialized physiotherapists using a sociological approach, allowing for an exploration of their perceptions and the dynamics surrounding this practice within their professional environment.Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed to interpret the discourses, complemented by a cross-analysis of the data and a comparison with existing literature. The findings revealed several barriers to NRT prescription: a lack of initial and continuing education, misconceptions, insufficient interprofessional collaboration, structural and financial obstacles, and a perceived illegitimacy of the physiotherapist’s role in prescribing these treatments.In contrast, facilitating strategies emerged, such as enhancing training programs, strengthening nterprofessional collaboration, and integrating NRT prescription into a comprehensive respiratory rehabilitation approach. These results highlight the need for institut.Le tabagisme constitue un enjeu majeur de santé publique, responsable de nombreuses pathologies cardio-respiratoires. Malgré l'autorisation de prescrire des traitements nicotiniques de substitution depuis 2016, les masseurs kinésithérapeutes spécialisés en rééducation cardiorespiratoire semblent peu impliqués dans cette pratique.Cette étude vise à identifier les freins à cette prescription et les stratégies susceptibles de favoriser son intégration. Une approche mixte a été adoptée, combinant une enquête préliminaire quantitative et une analyse qualitative approfondie. Six entretiens compréhensifs ont été menés auprès de kinésithérapeutes spécialisés en cardio-respiratoire, selon une approche sociologique, permettant d'explorer les représentations et les dynamiques de cette pratique dans leur environnement professionnel. L'analyse phénoménologique interprétative a été mobilisée pour interpréter ces discours, en complément d'une mise en confrontation des données entre elles et avec la littérature existante.L'analyse a mis en évidence plusieurs freins à la prescription des traitement nicotinique de substitution (TNS), un manque de formation initiale et continue, des croyances erronées, un déficit de coordination interprofessionnelle, des barrières structurelles et financières, ainsi qu'une perception parfois illégitime du rôle du masseur-kinésithérapeute dans la prescription. En parallèle, des stratégies facilitatrices ont émergé, notamment l'amélioration de la formation, le renforcement de la collaboration entre professionnels de santé et l'intégration de la prescription dans une approche globale de réhabilitation respiratoire. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'une reconnaissance institutionnelle et pédagogique du rôle des kinésithérapeutes dans l'accompagnement au sevrage tabagique
Hierarchical dynamic domain decomposition for the multiscale Boltzmann equation
No full textRe-soumission : 40 pages, 10 figures, 2 tablesIn this work, we present a hierarchical domain decomposition method for the multi-scale Boltzmann equation based on moment realizability matrices, a concept introduced by Levermore, Morokoff, and Nadiga [37]. This criterion is used to dynamically partition the two-dimensional spatial domain into three regimes: the Euler regime, an intermediate kinetic regime governed by the ES-BGK model, and the full Boltzmann regime. The key advantage of this approach lies in the use of Euler equations in regions where the flow is near hydrodynamic equilibrium, the ES-BGK model in moderately non-equilibrium regions where a fluid description is insufficient but full kinetic resolution is not yet necessary, and the full Boltzmann solver where strong non-equilibrium effects dominate, such as near shocks and boundary layers. This allows for both high accuracy and significant computational savings, as the Euler solver and the ES-BGK models are considerably cheaper than the full kinetic Boltzmann model. To ensure accurate and efficient coupling between regimes, we employ asymptotic-preserving (AP) numerical schemes and fast spectral solvers for evaluating the Boltzmann collision operator. Among the main novelties of this work are the use of a full 2D spatial and 3D velocity decomposition, the integration of three distinct physical regimes within a unified solver framework, and a parallelized implementation exploiting CPU multithreading. This combination enables robust and scalable simulation of multiscale kinetic flows with complex geometries
Characterization of Amino Acid Nanolayers and Their Interactions under Simulated Planetary Conditions
No full textInternational audienceLaboratory experiments extend our possibility to understand the behavior of organic molecules under extraterrestrial conditions. In the scope of such simulation experiments, organic molecules are often prepared as thin films, embedded in ice matrices or adsorbed onto mineral surfaces. Albeit a single-species approach often adequately mimics the conditions to be studied, there are scenarios where the interactions between different organic molecules should be considered. In this work, we investigate the interaction of the two simplest -amino acids, glycine and alanine, while co-deposited as homogeneous nanolayers. Our results demonstrate that their interaction leads to deposition patterns, infrared signatures, and electronic properties that cannot be predicted by studying each molecular species in isolation. We conclude that organic interactions influence the photochemistry and spectroscopic signatures of biomolecules potentially present in planetary environments of interest such as Titan's surface.</div
Disorder-induced stress-flow misalignment in soft glassy materials revealed using multi-directional shear
No full textControlling the mechanical response of soft glassy materials-such as emulsions, foams, and colloidal suspensions-is key for many industrial processes. While their steady-state flow behavior is reasonably well understood, their response to complex flow histories, as encountered in operations like pumping or mixing, remains poorly known. Using a custom multi-axis shear apparatus that enables arbitrary changes in flow direction, we investigate how shear history influences the mechanical behavior of a model soft glassy system. We uncover a transient shear response orthogonal to the applied shear direction, together with an anisotropic yield surface. These effects point to an underlying anisotropic distribution of internal stresses imprinted by previous deformation. To rationalize this behavior, we use a mesoscopic elasto-plastic model, demonstrating that local mechanical disorder governs the emergence of macroscopic stress-flow misalignment. Our findings offer a new route to experimentally probe the distribution of local yield stresses in soft glassy materials.</div
Les plus du nouveau client web EPOS-GNSS Data : personnalisation et fonctionnalités supplémentaires
No full textNational audienceDéveloppé à partir de 2016, le client web EPOS-GNSS Data à été mis à jour à partir de fin 2022, en parallèle des corrections et amélioration du client opérationnel. Il a consisté en la réécriture de l’interface avec la structure logicielle React et au développement d’API de backends (gestion de serveur de bases de données) en python. Au printemps 2025, le nouveau client a progressivement été déployé sur les noeuds EPOS-GNSS
La boussole qui ne perd pas le nord
No full textNational audienceLa boussole est un des outils les plus précieux des géologues sur le terrain pour mesurer et cartographier les affleurements. L’aiguille magnétisée d’une boussole s’aligne avec les lignes du champ magnétique terrestre et permet de localiser rapidement la direction du pôle nord magnétique. Ce dernier se déplace au cours du temps et n’est pas situé au même point que le pôle nord géographique, point de référence à la surface du globe. En France métropolitaine l’écart entre le nord magnétique et géographique - la déclinaison magnétique - est faible et ne pose pas difficulté pour l’utilisation d’une boussole. En revanche à plus haute latitude, où les lignes de champs se verticalisent, les choses se compliquent…Pour résoudre ce problème, le laboratoire Géoazur (Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur) a développé une boussole compacte de terrain permettant de mesurer précisément l’orientation, mais aussi le pendage des roches ou des surfaces telles que les failles, sous ces hautes latitudes.En janvier 2024, lors de la dernière campagne d’été en Terre Adélie du projet Hodeglace, soutenue par l’Institut Polaire français, le prototype a pu être testé avec succès sous le cercle polaire en conditions réelles et a permis l’acquisition rapide de données structurales précises. Quelques faiblesses ayant été détectées, le laboratoire Géoazur travaille sur un nouveau prototype
Comprehensive Management of Cocaine-Induced Midline Destructive Lesions: A Young-IfOS Consensus
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Recreational nasal cocaine use (RNCU) presents a significant challenge for rhinologists due to cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDLs). This clinical consensus statement (CCS) offers guidelines for diagnosing, assessing, and managing both proven and suspected cases of CIMDL (including those without a prior RNCU history). It aims to support clinicians in addressing these complex cases effectively.Methods: An international, multidisciplinary panel of 18 specialists employed a three-round modified Delphi-method survey to evaluate statements covering CIMDL management issues such as definition, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, initial management approaches, and surgical management of complications and reconstructions. This study primarily targets otorhinolaryngologists.Results: Out of 44 evaluated statements, 20 achieved strong consensus, 20 reached consensus, 3 approached near-consensus, and 1 failed to achieve consensus. Consensus-covered areas included the definition of CIMDL, clinical evaluations, first-line management, and management of complications. However, reconstructive techniques remained a contentious topic.Conclusions: In the absence of extensive data, this CCS establishes a management framework for CIMDL, significantly bridging a knowledge gap. It highlights the need for standardized assessments, multidisciplinary cooperation, and customized follow-up care for patients with CIMDL. Considering the widespread use of cocaine, physicians should consistently consider the possibility of RNCU when encountering chronic inflammatory lesions in the sinonasal tract
Solar disk gamma-rays emission via synthetic magnetic field from photosphere to low corona
No full textInternational audienceGamma-ray emission in the GeV-TeV range from the solar disk is likely to arise from collisions of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with solar atmospheric plasma. In a previous study, we demonstrated that closed turbulent magnetic arcades trap efficiently GCRs leading to a gamma-ray flux consistent with the Fermi-HAWC observations (from GeV to TeV). Here, we model a synthetic magnetic field with a static, laminar structure of open field lines in the chromosphere increasingly braiding near the solar surface, with a scale height of . The height-dependent increase in magnetic field line braiding is modulated by an exponential scalar function, mimicking the bending of the photo- and chromo-spheric magnetic field revealed by polarimetric observations and reproduced by MHD simulations. Employing 3D test-particle numerical simulations, we investigate how distorted magnetic field lines affect the gamma-rays production by injecting GeV-TeV protons into both magnetically laminar and braided regions. We find that with the chosen spatial resolution this synthetic magnetic field can account for the > 10 GeV gamma-ray spectrum observed by Fermi-LAT/HAWC. A rebrightening between approximately and GeV (following a GeV spectral dip), suggests an enhanced confinement within the photo-/chromospheric layer by a stronger braiding