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Eccentric Hamstring Torque Production and Muscle Activity in Unassisted Versus Assisted Nordic Hamstring Exercises
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to compare hamstrings eccentric torque production and muscle activities during one maximal repetition of conventional unassisted ( C NHE) and assisted ( A NHE) Nordic Hamstring Exercise. Twelve participants randomly performed 5 different NHE variations at maximal intensity. We calculated maximal hamstring eccentric torque production ( T max ), torque time integral, root mean square at T max , and electromyography integral for 7 muscles during exercises. C NHE resulted in lower T max and torque time integral ( P < .05) compared with A NHEs. Moreover, it exhibited lower electromyography integral for the biceps femoris , semitendinous , gastrocnemius lateralis , and gastrocnemius medialis ( P < .05). Unilateral A NHE simulating the late-swing phase of the step cycle ( A NHELS U ) demonstrated greater T max compared with bilateral and unilateral A NHE ( P < .01), whereas root mean square at T max was lower during A NHELS U than bilateral A NHE ( P < .05). The increased eccentric torque production and higher muscle activities during A NHE could be attributed to greater muscle length at the end of the movements and a longer time under tension. Our results suggest that (1) A NHE increases hamstrings torque production and muscle activities of the knee flexors compared with C NHE, and (2) A NHELS U is the only variation specific to the injury kinematics that maximizes overall eccentric torque production
A simple formula for the coalescence dynamics in the case of a linear kernel, with application to branching in filamentous fungi
No full textFilamentous fungi are the world champions for colonizing their environment. They grow and branch, constantly adapting to their environmental conditions. In this paper, we propose a model for fungal branching based on the clustering of proteins on the membrane of the fungal tip. From a theoretical point of view, the model relies on finding the probability of having two big clusters in a coalescence process, in the case of a relatively small number of particles (around 50). We first derive an analytic formula for the coalescence dynamics generated by a linear kernel, based on a reduction of the infinitesimal generator. Using the same reduction, we build an approximation of the dynamics for general kernels. We then derive the coalescence kernel corresponding to our model of protein clustering on the fungal tip by computing the mean encounter time between two particles diffusing on a sphere, which represents protein diffusion on the membrane. The method, well-known as the mean first passage time theory, relies on solving a Laplace equation with mixed boundary conditions. Finally, we apply our analysis to estimate the branching probability, and show that our model is coherent with the optimization of resources controlling fungal growth observed experimentally.</div
Conclusion: nécropolitiques funéraires, entre déchettisation et sacralisation
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Understanding Turbulent Systems : Progress in Particle Dynamics Modeling
No full textInternational audienceThis open access book provides a thorough introduction to modeling turbulent, dispersed, two-phase flows. It explains the physical phenomena and governing laws at play, followed by a clear and systematic overview of the statistical tools used to develop simplified or coarse-grained models.With a pedagogical approach, the book uses practical examples to explain complex physical processes and stochastic methods, making it accessible to readers familiar with basic courses in statistical physics and applied mathematics. It also highlights emerging research areas and unexplored challenges in the field.Designed as a self-contained resource, this book is ideal for graduate students and junior researchers in various branches of physics. At the same time, it serves as a valuable reference for experts seeking deeper insights into turbulent, dispersed, two-phase flows
Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics
No full textThe last two decades has seen quantum thermodynamics become a well established field of research in its own right. In that time, it has demonstrated a remarkably broad applicability, ranging from providing foundational advances in the understanding of how thermodynamic principles apply at the nano-scale and in the presence of quantum coherence, to providing a guiding framework for the development of efficient quantum devices. Exquisite levels of control have allowed state-of-the-art experimental platforms to explore energetics and thermodynamics at the smallest scales which has in turn helped to drive theoretical advances. This Roadmap provides an overview of the recent developments across many of the field's sub-disciplines, assessing the key challenges and future prospects, providing a guide for its near term progress
Modèles de diffusion pour la reconstruction polarimétrique d'environnements circumstellaires
No full textNational audienceIn this paper, we propose an approach combining diffusion models and inverse problems for the reconstruction of circumstellar disk images. Our method builds upon the Rhapsodie framework for polarimetric imaging, substituting its classical prior with a diffusion model trained on synthetic data. Our formulation explicitly incorporates stellar leakage while efficiently handling missing data and high level noise inherent to high-contrast polarimetric imaging. Experiments show significant improvement over conventional methods within our framework of assumptions, opening new perspectives for studying circumstellar environments.Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche combinant modèles de diffusion et problème inverse pour la reconstruction d'images de disques circumstellaires. Notre méthode s'appuie sur le modèle Rhapsodie pour l'imagerie polarimétrique, en substituant à son a priori classique un modèle de diffusion entraîné sur des données synthétiques. Notre formulation intègre explicitement les fuites stellaires tout en traitant efficacement les données manquantes et le bruit élevé inhérents à l'imagerie polarimétrique à haut contraste. Les expériences montrent une amélioration significative par rapport aux méthodes conventionnelles dans le cadre de nos hypothèses, ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives pour l'étude des environnements circumstellaires
Feedback to the ‘’Call for evidence’’ of the EU Commission - Ares(2025)7724296 on the Simplification – digital package and omnibus
No full textWe appreciate the Commission’s simplification initiative that seeks to reduce cookie consentbanner fatigue and to make the rules on online tracking and consent more comprehensivewith the goal to improve compliance with Data Protection laws and tackle the complex issueof manipulative design. We particularly welcome the effort of improving and clarifying theapplication of the law to be achieved without weakening the level of privacy and personaldata protection that the current legal framework offers to Internet users.Our contribution aims to provide evidence on the state of the art results from academic literature on cookies and other tracking technologies, and their application of the ePrivacy Directive. We also introduce new ideas and clarifications on the need and opportunity to reduce cookie fatigue and strengthen users’ privacy rights online, including user autonomy, and propose innovative approaches to manage cookie and tracking preferences in modern Web browsers
A Poisson-Alekseev-Gröbner formula through Malliavin calculus for Poisson random integrals
No full textIn this paper, we establish an Alekseev--Gröbner formula for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by a Poisson random measure, which express the global error between a functional of two processes solution of SDEs started at the same initial condition, in terms of the infinitesimal error (i.e, the difference between the SDEs coefficients). In particular, we consider the situation where the flow process is only assumed to be jointly stochastically continuous with respect to space and time. Our proof relies on a new approach for the definition of the Skorohod--Poisson integral to treat the anticipating term appearing in the formula, based on a definition of the Malliavin derivative on a class of smooth random variables, instead of the more standard polynomial chaos approach
Conception d’un système autonome de détection sonore appliqué à l’ornithologie.
No full textencadré par william TatinianCe rapport de stage présente les travaux réalisés au sein du LEAT : Laboratoire d’électronique, Antennes et Télécommunications pour mon stage de fin d’étude. L'objectif principal de ce stage était de concevoir et de développer un système autonome de détection acoustique capable d’identifier la présence de sons d’oiseaux dans une bande de fréquence qui nous intéressent, et de réveiller un système embarqué uniquement lorsque ces sons sont détectés. Nous utiliserons le logiciel le logiciel Kicad pour la conception des cartes électroniques, et Spice pour la simulation des circuits.Le système développé repose sur une chaîne de traitement analogique composée d’un microphone AOM-5024L-HD-R, d’un filtre passe-bande centré sur la bande d’intérêt, de deux étages d’amplification à faible consommation basés sur le LMV321 afin d’amplifier le signal filtré, et d’un comparateur permet-tant de générer un signal logique lorsqu’un seuil défini est dépassé.Ce signal pilote un circuit monostable et un inverseur afin de fournir une impulsion stable au microcontrôleur STM32, configuré pour sortir de son mode veille uniquement lorsqu’un son pertinent est détecté, car le système étant alimenté par cellules photovoltaïques, il est nécessaire de faire en sorte qu’il consomme le moins d’énergie possible.Le STM32 analyse ensuite le signal détecté grâce à un réseau de neurones artificiel embarqué, afin de déterminer de quelle espèce d’oiseau provient le son, puis transmet le numéro de l’espèce reconnue (parmi une liste prédéfinie) à une passerelle à l’aide du protocole LoraWAN
Hominoid-specific retrotransposons fuel regulatory novelty in early brain development
No full textInternational audienceTransposable elements can drive genetic innovation. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Adami et al. investigate the impact of hominoid-specific L1 retrotransposons on early embryonic and brain development. Using induced pluripotent stem cells and cerebral organoid models, multi-omics, and CRISPRi-mediated silencing, they uncover a cis-regulatory role for these young retrotransposons in early human brain development