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What Policies Do Local Governments Use to Promote Physical Activity? A Comparative Analysis of Municipalities From 4 EU Countries and Japan
No full textInternational audienceBackground:As public policies have the potential to change the entire system of physical activity (PA) promotion and to create conducive environments, they are particularly relevant to address the persistently low levels of PA across the world. Furthermore, WHO's Global Action Plan on Physical Activity highlights the relevance of local governments as important partners for policy action. However, our knowledge on how local PA promotion policy compares across countries remains limited. Methods:We conducted an exploratory study as part of the LoGoPAS project to compare the status quo of local PA policies across five municipalities in five different countries. Using purposive sampling, Jyväskylä (Finland), Nice (France), Erlangen (Germany), Fujisawa (Japan) and Cluj-Napoca (Romania) were selected. Data were collected and analysed via desk research and expert consultation using the CAPLA-Santé, a validated tool designed to assess relevant aspects of local PA promotion policies.</div
PIM2 inhibition promotes MCL1 dependency in plasma cells involving integrated stress response-driven NOXA expression
No full textInternational audienceOur study explores the complex dynamics of the integrated stress response (ISR) axis, highlighting PIM2 kinase’s critical role and its interaction with the BCL2 protein family, uncovering key mechanisms of cell survival and tumor progression. Elevated PIM2 expression, a marker of various cancers, often correlates with disease aggressiveness. Using a model of normal and malignant plasma cells, we show that inhibiting PIM2 kinase inhibits phosphorylated BAD production and activates ISR-mediated NOXA expression. This shift towards MCL1 dependence underscores the synergy achieved through combined PIM/MCL1 inhibition, driven largely by ISR-mediated NOXA expression. In mouse xenograft models, dual targeting of PIM2 and MCL1 effectively controls tumor growth-a response reversed by ISR-specific inhibition and upregulation of genes linked to tumor cell dissemination. This work elucidates the molecular intricacies of PIM2 inhibition and its implications for cancer therapy, especially in tumors with elevated PIM2 expression
Histoire des Juifs de France
No full textInternational audienceIn his Portrait d'un Juif (Portrait of a Jew), Albert Memmi asks: “With which country, which corner of the world, am I sure I coincide?” Many Jews, then as now, would enthusiastically answer: France. This book traces the history of coincidences - and also dissonances - between Jews and France, since the beginning of their emancipation in the 18th century. How can we think about this history in its plurality? How can we understand the symbiotic model embodied by “Israelism”? How can we reread, since Vichy and the Shoah, the Yiddish saying that Jews were “happy as God in France”? These are just some of the questions, in the form of a constant back-and-forth between the singular and the universal, that this book sweeps away by multiplying points of view and sources, to better consider the place of Jews in France, which the permanence of anti-Semitism regularly renders uncertain.Dans son Portrait d’un Juif, Albert Memmi se demande : « Avec quel pays, quel coin de la terre, suis-je sûr, moi, de coïncider ? » Beaucoup de Juifs, hier comme aujourd’hui, répondraient avec enthousiasme : la France. C’est cette histoire de coïncidences – et aussi de dissonances – entre les Juifs et la France, depuis le début de leur émancipation au XVIIIe siècle, que retrace cet ouvrage. Comment penser cette histoire dans sa pluralité ? Comment comprendre le modèle de symbiose incarné par l’« israélitisme » ? Comment relire, depuis Vichy et la Shoah, le dicton yiddish affirmant que les juifs étaient « heureux comme Dieu en France » ? Autant de questions, en forme d’aller-retour constant entre le singulier et l’universel, que cet ouvrage balaie en multipliant les points de vue et les sources, pour mieux penser la place des Juifs en France, que la permanence de l’antisémitisme rend régulièrement incertaine
Attribute Inference Attacks for Federated Regression Tasks
No full textInternational audienceFederated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients, such as mobile phones and IoT devices, to collaboratively train a global machine learning model while keeping their data localized. However, recent studies have revealed that the training phase of FL is vulnerable to reconstruction attacks, such as attribute inference attacks (AIA), where adversaries exploit exchanged messages and auxiliary public information to uncover sensitive attributes of targeted clients. While these attacks have been extensively studied in the context of classification tasks, their impact on regression tasks remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we address this gap by proposing novel modelbased AIAs specifically designed for regression tasks in FL environments. Our approach considers scenarios where adversaries can either eavesdrop on exchanged messages or directly interfere with the training process. We benchmark our proposed attacks against state-of-the-art methods using real-world datasets. The results demonstrate a significant increase in reconstruction accuracy, particularly in heterogeneous client datasets, a common scenario in FL. The efficacy of our model-based AIAs makes them better candidates for empirically quantifying privacy leakage for federated regression tasks
On the Yang-Mills propagator at strong coupling
No full textInternational audienceAbout twelve years ago the use of standard functional manipulations was demonstrated to imply an unexpected property satisfied by the fermionic Green's functions of QCD. This non-perturbative phenomenon is dubbed Effective Locality. In a much simpler way than in QCD, the most remarkable and intriguing aspects of Effective Locality have been presented in a recent letter in the Yang-Mills theory on Minkowski spacetime. While quickly recalled in the current paper, these results are used to calculate the problematic gluonic propagator in the Yang-Mills non-perturbative regime
Two-photon interference at a telecom wavelength for quantum networking
No full textInternational audienceThe interference between two independent photons stands as a crucial aspect of numerous quantum information protocols and technologies. In this work, we leverage fiber-coupled devices, which encompass fibered photon pair-sources and off-the-shelf optics, to demonstrate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We employ two distinct single photon sources, namely an heralded single-photon source and a weak coherent laser source, both operating asynchronously in continuous-wave regime. We record two-photon coincidences, showing a state-of-art visibility of 91.9(5)%. This work, compliant with telecom technology provides realistic backbones for establishing long-range communication based on quantum teleportation in hybrid quantum networks
FL-DBA: Fuzzy Logic Based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Next Generation Passive Optical Network
No full textInternational audienceThe 6G system’s stringent latency and throughput requirements have imposed challenging constraints on Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and stretched classical Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithms to their limits. Moreover, the exponential increase in the number of connected users and the surge in generated traffic have pushed current scheduling and network management algorithms to their limits. Therefore, it has become essential to rely on artificial intelligence techniques with human-like reasoning to implement high-performance 6G compliant online DBA schemes. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy-Logic based DBA (FL-DBA) algorithm to significantly enhance the performance of the PON and fully meet the 6G requirements. The FL-DBA performs fast and simultaneous, online time-wavelength scheduling with Mode Division Multiplexing, following an expert-like reasoning. Initially, a search algorithm is proposed to perform optimal scheduling for data generation and benchmarking. Subsequently, the resulting simulation data is evaluated and used as a reference to fine-tune a MamdaniFuzzy Inference System (FIS) with respect to an experienced operators reasoning. The FIS is utilized to achieve fast and efficient time-wavelength scheduling by estimating the variation in the number of channels at the output, using the latency and traffic cost as inputs. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FL-DBA technique, achieving near-optimal performance as compared to the optimal search algorithm and state-of-the-art. The proposed FL- DBA algorithm fully meets the 6G KPI requirements, accommodating a network throughput exceeding 1.6 Tbps with latency and jitter levels below 100 μs and10 μs, respectively, while achieving high channel utilization efficiency
Silent sources on a surface for the Helmholtz equation and decomposition of L² vector fields
No full textInternational audienceWe study an inverse source problem with right hand side in divergence form for the Helmholtz equation, whose underlying model can be related to weak scattering from thin interfaces. This inverse problem is not uniquely solvable, as the forward operator has infinite-dimensional kernel. We present a decomposition of (not necessarily tangent) vector fields of L 2-class on a closed Lipschitz surface in R 3 , which allows one to discuss an ansatz for the solution and constraints that restore uniqueness. This work can be seen as a generalization of references [4, 6] dealing with the Laplace equation, but in the Helmholtz case new ties arise between the observations from each side of the surface. Our proof is based on properties of the Calderón projector on the boundary of Lipschitz domains, that we establish in a H-1 × L 2 setting.[4] L. Baratchart, C. Gerhards, and A. Kegeles. Decomposition of l 2-vector fields on lipschitz surfaces: characterization vianull-spaces of the scalar potential. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 2021.[6] L. Baratchart, C. Villalobos Guillén, D. P. Hardin, M. C. Northington, and E. B. Saff. Inverse potential problems fordivergence of measures with total variation regularization. Foundations of Computational Mathematics, Nov 2019
Analytic solutions for the circadian oscillator characterize cycle dynamics and its robustness
No full textInternational audienceCircadian clocks form a fundamental mechanism that promotes the correct behavior of many cellular and molecular processes by synchronizing them on a 24 hour period. However, the circadian cycles remain difficult to describe mathematically. To overcome this problem, we first propose a segmentation of the circadian cycle into eight stages based on the levels of expression of the core clock components CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERB and PER:CRY. This cycle segmentation is next characterized through a piecewise linear model, whose analytical study allows us to propose an Algorithm to generate biologically-consistent circadian oscillators. Our study provides a characterization of the cycle dynamics in terms of four fundamental threshold parameters and one scaling parameter, shows robustness of the circadian system and its period, and identifies critical points for correct cycle progression