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Full Movement Beyond Control and Environmental Governance: Taking Silent Risk Seriously - Available at SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3266632
No full textThis article inputs into a research project on the law’s approach to geophysical phenomena of full movement – full movement that is produced by man but which man is unable to control. The concept of full movement beyond control can be illustrated in several domains. The more specific areas of environmental protection and sustainable development highlight two significant examples: the movement of greenhouse gas and the movement of waste. The hypothesis proposed here is that there exists a silent risk of full movement beyond control. Even as a discernible and potentially measurable phenomenon, the risk of full and beyond control is commonly denied or underestimated. Its treatment is generally based on the illusion that, since it is man who created the movement, he will always have the ability to regain control of it. This flawed approach to the risk explains many of the difficulties encountered in environmental governance matters, particularly in the area of sustainable development and especially when such difficulties motivate the rule of law. Using the idea of silent risk may also be useful for granting full movement beyond control the transversal and inclusive place it warrants
Report from the 30th Meeting on Toxinology, "Unlocking the Deep Secrets of Toxins", Organized by the French Society of Toxinology on 2-3 December 2024
No full textInternational audienceThe French Society of Toxinology (SFET) held its 30th Annual Meeting (RT30) on 2-3 December 2024 at Hôtel Le Saint Paul in Nice, France, on the beautiful French Riviera. It was the first time that the event was organized outside of Paris. The meeting brought together 74 participants and focused on the main theme, "Unlocking the Deep Secrets of Toxins", which delved into cutting-edge research in the field of animal venoms and toxins from animal, plant, fungal, algal, mold and bacterial sources. The event emphasized the dynamic and ever-evolving nature of toxins, often influenced by environmental factors, their interactions with molecular or cellular ligands, their mechanisms of action and their potential applications in therapy. These key topics were explored in depth during oral communications and poster sessions across three main thematic areas, each dedicated to a specific aspect of toxinology. A fourth, more general session provided an opportunity for participants to present recent work that fell outside the main themes but still contributed valuable insights to the broader field. This report presents the abstracts of seven of the invited lectures, fifteen of the selected lectures and sixteen of the posters, following the authors' agreement to publish them. Additionally, the names of the "Best Oral Communication" and "Best Poster" awardees are highlighted, recognizing the outstanding contributions made by early-career researchers and their innovative work in toxinology
Neurotoxins Acting on TRPV1—Building a Molecular Template for the Study of Pain and Thermal Dysfunctions
No full textInternational audienceTransient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are ubiquitous proteins involved in a wide range of physiological functions. Some of them are expressed in nociceptors and play a major role in the transduction of painful stimuli of mechanical, thermal, or chemical origin. They have been described in both human and rodent systems. Among them, TRPV1 is a polymodal channel permeable to cations, with a highly conserved sequence throughout species and a homotetrameric structure. It is sensitive to temperature above 43 °C and to pH below 6 and involved in various functions such as thermoregulation, metabolism, and inflammatory pain. Several TRPV1 mutations have been associated with human channelopathies related to pain sensitivity or thermoregulation. TRPV1 is expressed in a large part of the peripheral and central nervous system, most notably in sensory C and Aδ fibers innervating the skin and internal organs. In this review, we discuss how the transduction of nociceptive messages is activated or impaired by natural compounds and peptides targeting TRPV1. From a pharmacological point of view, capsaicin—the spicy ingredient of chilli pepper—was the first agonist described to activate TRPV1, followed by numerous other natural molecules such as neurotoxins present in plants, microorganisms, and venomous animals. Paralleling their adaptive protective benefit and allowing venomous species to cause acute pain to repel or neutralize opponents, these toxins are very useful for characterizing sensory functions. They also provide crucial tools for understanding TRPV1 functions from a structural and pharmacological point of view as this channel has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in pain management. Therefore, the pharmacological characterization of TRPV1 using natural toxins is of key importance in the field of pain physiology and thermal regulation
Modeling and Extraction of the Specific Contact Resistance of GaN p-i-n Diodes up to 40 GHz
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we propose a high-frequency model taking into account the series resistance of pseudovertical GaN based PiN diodes. This model relies on the specific contact resistance on p-type GaN and the sheet resistance of the bottom n-type GaN. Those two quantities are obtained while fitting the RF experimental data and are slightly different from the DC values. The interest of this model is that the effective values, at the working frequency instead of "only" the DC values, are extracted using only few devices. The novelty of the work resides in the consideration of the geometrical dimensions of the diode (anode radius and distance between anode and cathode) in the model. Furthermore, the model allows the determination of the most limiting geometrical parameters and can predict the series resistance of other topologies. In the present case, we show the most limiting factor is the radius of the anode due to the difficulties to achieve low specific contact resistance on p-type GaN. The parasitic capacitance is also extracted using the measured devices, allowing the modeling of the effective capacitance as a function of the frequency.</div
Shell ornaments from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in France : Documentary review. In Alarashi Hala, Bonnardin Sandrine, Fleurot K., Grannier-Parra Marianne, Mougne Caroline et Theodoropoulou TatianaParures de la mer, vogue d’Orient en Occident du Chalcolithique à l’âge du Bronze
No full textInternational audienc
Recent Holocene climatic and environmental variability and its impact on pre-Hispanic populations in the Sechura Desert
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Habitat et contextes funéraires du site La Roussille à Vertaizon (Puy-de-Dôme), du Ve au IIIe millénaire av. n. è.
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Dempster-Shafer theory for object matching under data imperfection constraints: Application to wastewater networks' line matching
No full textInternational audienceThe goal of object matching is to identify objects representing the same real entity across multiple spatial datasets. This involves comparing and linking data from different sources using similarity measures, with the final matching decision made by combining these measures. Object matching is especially valuable for creating accurate and complete spatial datasets for underground networks, where data often come from various sources and may have imperfections like imprecision or incompleteness. The Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory, which uses mass functions to model data imperfections, is considered the best method for combining imperfect data. However, previous DS-based approaches produced highly conflicting results when many potential candidates for an object existed. In this work, we present an improved DS-based line matching approach for wastewater networks. Our key contributions include introducing candidate ranking, bidirectional measure combination, and mixed models to convert similarity measures into masses. We validated our approach through experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that our contributions significantly reduce conflict and improve the accuracy and correctness of the matching decision
Réglementer l’intelligence artificielle sur la base des risques. Perspectives économiques et éthiques
No full textInternational audienceDans le contexte de l’entrée en vigueur du Règlement européen sur l’intelligence artificielle (AI Act), cet article traite des dispositifs réglementaires nécessaires pour faire face aux risques émergents associés aux développements en intelligence artificielle (IA), notamment l’IA générative et l’IA consciente. Guidés par l’appréhension économique du principe de précaution et l’économie du droit, nous discutons de l’adéquation de l’approche européenne aux enjeux posés par les formes avancées d’IA. Nous posons plusieurs hypothèses, notamment que l’application du principe de précaution est cruciale pour anticiper et atténuer les risques catastrophiques potentiels et que la réglementation doit, pour concilier efficacité et maîtrise des risques, demeurer flexible et combiner dimensions ex ante et ex post
Instabilité après prothèse totale de hanche : analyse du positionnement des implants, de l’incidence pelvienne et des paramètres cliniques liés au patient
No full textIntroduction: while total hip arthroplasty (THA) generally yields excellent outcomes, prosthetic instability remains a frequent and multifactorial complication. This study hypothesized that combined anteversion (AV) differs between dislocated and stable hips.Objectives: were to compare alignment parameters between unstable and stable hips, assess differences by surgical approach (anterior vs posterior), and evaluate the impact of patient-related factors on dislocation risk.Materials and methods: this retrospective case-control study included 37 unstable hips (7 anterior, 30 posterior approach), each matched with two stable hips by sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and approach. All patients underwent primary THA over a 9-year period without dual-mobility implants. Postoperative CT measured acetabular AV, femoral AV, combined AV, cup inclination, and pelvic incidence (PI). Results – No significant differences were observed between groups for cup inclination (Δ = 0.5°, p = 0.79), acetabular AV (Δ = 0.2°, p = 0.81), femoral AV (Δ = 2.7°, p = 0.18), PI (Δ = 2.7°, p = 0.18), or combined AV (Δ = 2.6°, p = 0.35). Target combined AV (50 ± 10°) was achieved in 51% of unstable and 54% of stable hips (p = 0.8). No difference was found for Lewinnek’s AV target (p = 0.53), except for cup inclination (67.6% vs 83.8%, p = 0.04). No alignment differences were found between surgical approaches. Univariate analysis associated lumbar spine disease, high ASA score, and smaller femoral heads with instability. Multivariate analysis confirmed degenerative lumbar symptoms (OR = 3.2, p < 0.01) and high ASA score (OR = 2.5, p = 0.04) as independent risk factors.Conclusion: combined anteversion did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting a limited role of implant positioning in well-controlled settings. Degenerative lumbar disease and high ASA score independently increased dislocation risk, supporting the multifactorial nature of THA instability.Introduction : l’instabilité après prothèse totale de hanche (PTH) reste une complication fréquente et multifactorielle. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’antéversion (AV) combinée diffère entre patients luxés et stables.Objectifs : comparer les paramètres d’alignement postopératoire entre patients luxés et stables ; entre voies antérieure (VA) et postérieure (VP) ; et analyser les facteurs cliniques influençant le risque de luxation.Matériel et méthodes : étude rétrospective cas-témoins appariant 37 hanches luxées (7 VA, 30 VP) à 74 hanches stables selon sexe, âge, IMC et voie d’abord. Tous les patients avaient une PTH primaire avec simple mobilité et un scanner postopératoire mesurant AV acétabulaire, fémorale, combinée, inclinaison acétabulaire et incidence pelvienne.Résultats : aucune différence significative entre groupes pour l’alignement : inclinaison cupule (Δ=0.5°, p=0.79), AV acétabulaire (Δ=0.2°, p=0.81), AV fémorale (Δ=2.7°, p=0.18), AV combinée (Δ=2.6°, p=0.35), incidence pelvienne (Δ=2.7°, p=0.18). Le pourcentage d’AV combinée dans la cible (50±10°) était comparable (51% vs 54%, p=0.8), de même pour les critères de Lewinnek, sauf pour l’inclinaison acétabulaire (40±10° : 67.6% vs 83.8%, p=0.04). Aucun écart notable selon la voie d’abord. En univariée. Les symptômes lombaires, un score ASA élevé et un petit diamètre de tête étaient associés au risque de luxation. En multivariée, seuls les symptômes lombaires arthrosiques (OR=3.2, p<0.01) et le score ASA élevé (OR=2.5, p=0.04) étaient significatifs.Conclusion : l’alignement prothétique n’apparaît pas comme facteur majeur de luxation dans cette série. L’instabilité semble davantage influencée par des facteurs cliniques, en particulier l’état général du patient et le complexe spino-pelvien