ARUd’A (Università “G. d’Annunzio CHIETI -PESCARA)
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Cost-effectiveness and efficacy analysis of biosimilar drugs for lung diseases: a systematic review
No full textPurpose: Cost-effectiveness analysis is an organized method that aids in evaluating and examining the economic aspects and health results linked to different medical procedures. Efficacy analysis considers how effectively a treatment achieves the intended outcome when tested under perfect and controlled conditions. Nowadays, there is a noticeable trend towards using biologics and biosimilar medicines. Specifically, biosimilars are seen as a cheaper alternative to treat long-term health issues traditionally linked with significant medical expenses. A key area for the use of biosimilars is lung diseases, with a fast-growing number of studies on their applications.
Design/methodology/approach: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review has been conducted. Bibliometric data were collected from the Dimensions database in March 2025. The keywords selected are “biological,” “drugs,” “biosimilar,” “lung,” “diseases,” “cost,” “effectiveness,” “efficacy” and “analysis.” The timespan considered goes from 2004 to 2024. Findings: Of the 2,852 papers retrieved based on our inclusion criteria, only 28 articles published in peer-reviewed journals were considered relevant. Biosimilar drugs are more cost-effective and efficacious than reference drugs, with improvements in asthma control and quality-adjusted life years, though at higher costs in certain cases. No specific conditions alter their economic benefits, except when combined with chemotherapy. Moreover, they are used in various lung diseases, including different types of lung carcinoma and severe allergic asthma. Robust models were used for the cost-effectiveness and efficacy analysis.
Originality/value: The reported outcomes serve as a tool for researchers and policymakers aiming to explore the integration of these new drugs into the healthcare system. From a policy perspective, obtaining a clearer insight into the current landscape enables policymakers to allocate additional funding towards the adoption of cost-effective and efficacious biosimilars in specific areas, improving patient benefit and potentially lowering public healthcare expenditures
FEPSAC position statement on safeguarding athletes in sport
No full textThrough the publication of this position statement, FEPSAC aims to continue with its commitment to quality and safe sport experiences through the promotion of safeguarding in sport, a responsibility collectively shared by both group and individual members of the organisation. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the academic research on interpersonal violence (IV) and safeguarding in sport in a European context, focusing on safeguarding athletes. The position statement further includes recommendations and practical guidelines that will equip readers with knowledge and processes for recognising and responding to IV in sport. Through enhancing safeguarding literacy among FEPSAC members, we aim to inspire and empower both neophyte and more experienced practitioners in sport and exercise psychology toward fostering safer sporting relationships, spaces and practices
Cultivating a Sense of Community in Value Creation Through Family Firms and Franchising
No full textFamily firms and franchising networks present a compelling intersection for studying how relational dynamics and intergenerational linkages contribute to value creation. Family firms, rooted in legacy and tradition, emphasize long-term goals and foster a sense of continuity that extends beyond purely economic objectives (Zellweger et al., 2013). Franchising networks, on the other hand, rely on collaboration and alignment of incentives between franchisors and franchisees to achieve scalability and sustainability (Combs et al., 2011). The convergence of these two models raises important questions about how familial values and community-oriented practices can be institutionalized to foster shared identity and collective success. This study explores how large franchisors, guided by family firm principles, leverage relational practices, intergenerational connections, and collaborative strategies to cultivate a sense of community within their franchise ecosystems. By examining the mechanisms through which familial values are transmitted and adapted, the research sheds light on the balance between continuity and innovation in organizational networks
Effect of Idiosyncratic and Relevant Focus-of-Attention Strategies in Explosive Strength Tasks: An Exploratory Study
Get PDFPurpose: Focus-of-attention (FOA) research typically supports an external focus (EF) over internal focus (IF) for motor learning and performance. However, task-specific factors such as athletes’ techniques and training goals may influence FOA efficacy. This study compared the effects of FOA strategies—idiosyncratic core component (ICC), EF, and IF—on explosive isometric back squats (EIBS) and squat jumps (SJ) in skilled basketball athletes. Methods: Eighteen elite basketball players performed 3 trials of EIBS and SJ under each FOA condition. Force peak (Fp), impulse (Im), and mean rate of force development (mRFD) were assessed using a force plate. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived emotional state were also recorded. Results: ICC significantly enhanced mRFD during EIBS compared with EF (P = .014) and IF (P = .015), with no difference between EF and IF. FOA did not significantly affect Fp or Im during EIBS. In SJ, FOA strategies had no significant effects on mRFD, Fp, or Im. RPE and perceived emotional state scores remained consistent across conditions. Conclusions: ICC improved explosive strength during EIBS, highlighting the benefit of individualized FOA strategies for tasks >200 milliseconds in duration. However, FOA showed limited impact on SJ performance metrics, possibly due to the task’s shorter duration. Strength and conditioning coaches should tailor FOA strategies to specific tasks and outcomes, using ICC to optimize explosive strength in longer-duration tasks
10. Lettera di indulgenza di Ranieri Ubertini, primo vescovo di Cortona, indirizzata alla confraternita di S. Maria e di S. Francesco (17 marzo 1326)/10. Letter of Indulgence by Ranieri Ubertini, first Bishop of Cortona, addressed to the Confraternity of St. Mary and St. Francis (March 17, 1326)
No full textLa scheda illustra il contenuto e le peculiarità storico-diplomatistiche della lettera di indulgenza per il canto delle laude (17 marzo 1326) indirizzata da Ranieri Ubertini, primo vescovo di Cortona, alla confraternita di S. Maria e di S. Francesco. La scheda è stata redatta in occasione della pubblicazione del catalogo della mostra "Cantare il Medioevo. La lauda a Cortona tra devozione e identità civica" (Cortona, Museo dell'Accademia Etrusca e della Città di Cortona - 28 giugno/5 ottobre 2025)
A multiscale approach to visco-electro-elastic complex materials: Asymptotic homogenization versus high-frequency continualization schemes
No full textThis work deals with the study of the viscous effects on the electro-mechanical behavior of periodic materials paving the way for remarkable applications in many scientific fields. In a three-dimensional context, the constitutive equations that describe a visco-electro-elastic periodic material are recast into the complex frequency space via the two-sided Laplace transform yielding a Stroh-like formulation. Then, the governing equations are manipulated by means of the Floquet–Bloch transform to study the wave propagation and the characteristic equation, which is generalized for a periodic visco-electro-elastic laminate, is obtained and solved to achieve its frequency complex spectra. Thereafter, an asymptotic homogenization method and a continualization scheme, which is based on the kernel developed as a Padé approximant, are detailed to identify equivalent non-local visco-electro-elastic continua. Finally, the homogenized frequency band structures are compared with the heterogeneous one to validate the proposed models
Tracing Visual Expertise in ECG Interpretation: An Eye‐Tracking Pilot Study
No full textBACKGROUND: Visual expertise is pivotal for accurate ECG interpretation. We aimed to identify and measure expertise-based differences in visual search patterns, cognitive load, and diagnostic accuracy during ECG analysis using eye-tracking technology. METHODS: First- to third-year residents and board-certified expert cardiologists interpreted ECGs of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, while eye-tracking glasses recorded fixation count, duration, and pupil dilation. Diagnostic accuracy and cognitive load via NASA Task Load Index were analyzed. Heatmaps illustrated relationships between cognitive load, perceived workload, and self-assessed performance across experience levels and ECG task complexities. RESULTS: Expert readers interpreted ECGs significantly faster than residents (107.6 ± 32.8 vs. 205.31 ± 57.43 s; p < 0.001) and demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy across all levels of task difficulty (p < 0.001). Eye-tracking analysis revealed that experts exhibited fewer fixations (67.7 ± 25.7 vs. 143.7 ± 29.9; p < 0.001) and longer fixation durations (3.9 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1 s; p = 0.032) than residents. Experts also showed lower pupil dilation changes (4.8% ± 2% vs. 10.5% ± 4.2%; p = 0.015). Increased task difficulty was associated with greater pupil dilation, particularly among novices (mean pupil dilation for difficult tasks 13.4% ± 4.1% vs. 7.3% ± 2.3% for easy tasks; p = 0.008), indicating higher cognitive demand. Experts maintained superior self-assessed performance (8 ± 0 vs. 7 ± 1.2; p = 0.009) and reported lower perceived negative workload (4.5 ± 1.45 vs. 6 ± 0.55; p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, expert readers achieved faster and more accurate diagnoses, exhibiting more efficient visual search patterns and lower cognitive load. Pending external validation, our findings suggest that ECG training programs should focus on developing targeted visual techniques, cognitive efficiency, and adaptive coping strategies to enhance accurate interpretation
Pegylation approach applied to erlotinib–carbonic anhydrase inhibitors hybrids towards anticancer agents
Get PDFHerein we report a first study on single molecular entities bearing both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibiting moieties as new tools for the management of hypoxic cancers. Specifically, we designed and synthesized a library of erlotinib (ERL)-based compounds bearing both the primary sulfonamide/coumarin moieties with the intent to selectively interfere with EGFR and CA targets respectively. The compounds obtained were investigated in silico and in vitro for their ability to interact with the appropriate targets followed by the assessment on selected compounds for the anti-proliferative activity using human (h) TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. We are confident that the data provided in this study are fundamental for paving the way toward the development of multi-targeting molecular structures useful for the management of chronic diseases such as hypoxic tumors
Biografie di città. L'invisibile di Calvino
No full textIl volume esplora la straordinaria attualità e le molteplici interpretazioni de Le città invisibili di Italo Calvino, indagando i suoi influssi sull'architettura, sull’urbanistica e sulla comprensione contemporanea dello spazio urbano. Attraverso contributi di studiosi ed esperti, viene affrontata la relazione tra il testo e il progetto architettonico, considerato una vera e propria “biografia di città” che intreccia letteratura e scienza del territorio.
L'opera di Calvino viene riletta come atlante di conoscenze e desideri, dove ciascuna delle cinquantacinque città immaginarie raccontate diventa occasione di riflessione sulla complessità urbana, sul rapporto tra realtà ed immaginazione, tra paesaggio fisico e paesaggio interiore, tra memoria e desiderio, tra visibile e invisibile. Il libro ne evidenzia la peculiare struttura compositiva e la matrice geometrica, con una spirale interpretativa che invita a ripensare i paradigmi disciplinari e a superare i limiti tra spazio fisico e mentale.
I saggi raccolti analizzano il dialogo tra Marco Polo e Kublai Kan come viaggio esperienziale che conduce il lettore a confrontarsi con le questioni fondamentali dell’abitare, offrendo prospettive inedite per la progettualità architettonica e urbana. Ampio spazio è dedicato al rapporto tra realtà e immaginazione, intendendo la città non solo come luogo materiale, ma come costruzione simbolica di identità, memorie e aspirazioni collettive.
Il testo intreccia inoltre prospettive di geografia umanistica, semiotica dello spazio e teoria dell’immaginazione, grazie ad analisi specifiche sui paesaggi interiori descritti da Calvino e sulle trasfigurazioni artistiche che il suo scritto ha generato. Riflessioni sui disegni delle città invisibili e sul ruolo dell’immagine nella narrazione urbana completano il quadro, sottolineando l’importanza del sogno e della visualizzazione nella cultura del progetto.
In sintesi, "Biografie di città – L’invisibile di Calvino" è un volume che offre una lettura multidisciplinare, poetica e progettuale dell’opera calviniana, considerata come fonte inesauribile di spunti teorici e pratici per architetti, urbanisti e studiosi che si interrogano sulle nuove forme dell’abitare contemporaneo, invitando a percorrere, attraverso la letteratura, i sentieri della città futura