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Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on exercise capacity, muscle strength, physical activity, and quality of life in patients with interstitial lung diseases: A randomized study
No full textBackground: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been investigated for various cardiopulmonary conditions; however, its effects on interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain poorly understood. Objective: To investigate the effects of NMES on exercise capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, and physical activity in ILD patients. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, triple-blinded study. Nineteen patients in the NMES group received NMES on the bilateral quadriceps femoris (QF) at 40 Hz for 20 min, three times a week for six weeks, along with daily respiratory exercises. Eighteen patients in the control group performed respiratory exercises alone for six weeks. Outcomes measured before and after included: 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP), QF muscle strength, quality of life (SGRQ, LCQ), physical activity, dyspnea (MMRC scale), and fatigue (FSS). Results: The NMES group demonstrated significant improvements in 6MWT distance, MMRC, energy expenditure, physical activity duration, and daily step count, with increased FSS scores compared to the control group (p = 0.025). No significant differences were observed between groups for ISWT, MIP/MEP, SGRQ, or LCQ scores (p > 0.05). While 6MWT distance improved (p = 0.002), QF muscle strength was preserved within the NMES group but decreased within the control group (p = 0.018). Conclusion: NMES is a feasible and effective intervention for enhancing exercise capacity and physical activity levels, while preserving muscle strength and reducing dyspnea in patients with ILD. This implies that incorporating NMES into the rehabilitation programs of ILD patients may enhance their overall physical performance and quality of life
PELM: A Deep Learning Model for Early Detection of Pneumonia in Chest Radiography
No full textPneumonia remains a leading cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality, underscoring the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to enable timely treatment and prevent complications. This study introduces PELM (Pneumonia Ensemble Learning Model), a novel deep learning framework for automated pneumonia detection using chest X-ray (CXR) images. The model integrates four high-performing architectures—InceptionV3, VGG16, ResNet50, and Vision Transformer (ViT)—via feature-level concatenation to exploit complementary feature representations. A curated, large-scale dataset comprising 50,000 PA-view CXR images was assembled from NIH ChestX-ray14, CheXpert, PadChest, and Kaggle CXR Pneumonia datasets, including both pneumonia and non-pneumonia cases. To ensure fair benchmarking, all models were trained and evaluated under identical preprocessing and hyperparameter settings. PELM achieved outstanding performance, with 96% accuracy, 99% precision, 91% recall, 95% F1-score, 91% specificity, and an AUC of 0.91—surpassing individual model baselines and previously published methods. Additionally, comparative experiments were conducted using tabular clinical data from over 10,000 patients, enabling a direct evaluation of image-based and structured-data-based classification pipelines. These results demonstrate that ensemble learning with hybrid architectures significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy and generalization. The proposed approach is computationally efficient, clinically scalable, and particularly well-suited for deployment in low-resource healthcare settings, where radiologist access may be limited. PELM represents a promising advancement toward reliable, interpretable, and accessible AI-assisted pneumonia screening in global clinical practice
Examining the Effects of Tramadol, on the WADA Prohibited List, on Sports Performance WADA Yasaklılar Listesine Giren Tramadolün Spor Performansı Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
No full textTramadol, an opioid analgesic, was added to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List in 2024. Tramadol has been widely used by athletes to manage sports-related pain. Its intensive use, particularly in certain sports, has raised suspicions that it is being used as a doping agent. The potential to impair sports performance, cognitive side effects, and abuse have been investigated in several studies. This study reviewed the literature on tramadol and its effects on sports performance and explained the WADA process. In reviewing the literature, although studies have shown that tramadol does not affect performance, the World Health Organization has banned its use in competition in light of studies showing its effect on performance
Ankilozan spondilitli hastalarda kor stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin gövde kas kalınlığı, postüral kontrol ve kifoz açısına etkisi
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