Te Kaharoa (E-Journal)
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The use of digital technology in the preservation of Māori song
Get PDFThis paper will focus on the importance of digitally archiving waiata and haka (Māori song, chant and dance). Māori arrived in Aotearoa from their traditional homeland in the Pacific carrying with them all of the knowledge of their own ancestors, none of which was written down. This Māori oral tradition has taken on many forms, including waiata and haka. Waiata and haka are traditional mediums for the transmission of knowledge including tribal history, politics, historical landmarks, genealogy and environmental knowledge while also acting as traditional forms of expression for the articulation of anger, hatred, sadness, love and desire.
Waiata and haka are examples of Māori poetry and literature and have been likened to the archives of the Māori people, preserving important historical and cultural knowledge. Therefore, waiata and haka offer an alternative view of the history of Aotearoa/New Zealand to those that are based on mainstream Eurocentric history books and archives. Waiata and haka are also important for the survival of the Māori language and culture. In this sense, they are bound to Māori identity.
As a result of colonisation many of these compositions are being lost through time and with them, a knowledge base regarding the meaning behind the words. The adoption of digital technology to preserve waiata and haka provides a tool that could aid the oral tradition. Tāmata Toiere, a digital repository of waiata and haka, is a national resource which demonstrates the interface between recovering traditional knowledge and storing this through innovative technology for future generations
The impact of colonisation on te reo Māori: A critical review of the State education system
Get PDFBy 1979, merely 139 years after the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi), the loss of te reo Māori was so great that it was believed it would suffer language death (Walker 1990: 147-148). This can be attributed to colonisation and the State policy of assimilation which eroded the status of the language. The mechanism of the Government’s agenda of assimilation and language domination was the State education system. This was, therefore, the primary cause of Māori language loss. In some cases the legislation regarding the State education system can be directly linked to language loss. However, in many cases the education system has negatively affected te reo Māori indirectly through aspects of Eurocentric education. These include assimilation, cultural invasion, cultural subordination, language domination, hegemony, the curriculum, class structures, racism, meritocracy, intelligence testing, and negative teacher expectations.
In the study of Māori language decline one must critically review the New Zealand State education system, including a discussion of the key events and legislation in the history of Pākehā colonisation and assimilation in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This will form the chronological map of the deterioration of the status of the Māori language
Whenua maa wai; he kootiti i eetahi koorero Land by water; a walk through some conversations
Get PDFThis article reviews recent literature on water and land and ways of protecting them. The intention has been to browse around that literature, to walk through one or two conversations about water and guardianship without heading for a firm conclusion. This paper tries to stay close to the work discussed without necessarily advancing a distinct argument
Developing Internet Protocol Television and Future Broadcasting Platforms: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe purpose of this literature review is to examine fundamental research that has been undertaken in the field of Internet protocols. It will look at technology, cultural knowledge, and economic factors for Māori in order to explore the development of Internet protocol television (IPTV) and future broadcasting platforms.Furthermore, this review seeks to obtain relevant information and research in order to critically appraise studies and directly use the information to identify relevant areas for Māori; formulate questions for further research into the development of IPTV and future broadcasting and to synthesise the results in a summary to demonstrate what is known and what is not known about the development of IPTV for Māori. 
Nākahi: The Matarahurahu Cult of the Snake
Get PDFThroughout the nineteenth century, various Māori fusion religions flourished, combining elements of traditional Māori religion with those gleaned from the missionaries. One of the earliest of these was the Nākahi sect, which had its origins in the Ngāpuhi hapū of Matarahurahu. This paper focuses on the Matarahurahu form of the sect. t assesses its main tenets, the role of personalities in leading the sect, and follows its development through to its demise
‘Race’ and the Politics of Land Loss: Colonising Discourses for Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka
Get PDFThis article argues that the racial discourses of the nineteenth century had an adverse impact on the ways in which Māori were treated and indeed, informed and justified colonial methods for separating Māori from their land. As a consequence of Pākeha representations of Māori as Other, Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka - two closely related clans from the Tūhoe tribe - were subjected to oppressive practices which made it easy for Pākeha to unjustly procure land to the detriment of Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka identity and wellbeing. This article examines Māori, Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka land loss using multiple and interdisciplinary theoretical lenses, and posits that these losses were caused, in part, by Pākeha racism
Souls of Warriors: Once Were Warriors in France
Get PDFOnce were Warriors (1994), billed as the first fully Maori feature-length fiction film, though a huge success with popular audiences throughout Aotearoa, came in for some harsh criticism from academics, Maori and Pakeha alike. At the forefront of Maori academic critiques of this film and others (Jane Campion’s The Piano, most notably) that represented Maori, Leone Pihama feared the consequences of projecting what were seen as debilitatingly negative, decontextualized stereotypes of Maori, not just onto our national screens, but beyond, onto the global stage. This paper seeks to (begin to) engage with such critiques by examining box office figures and press reception of Tamahori’s first feature in France
Te Umutaoroa, Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka: Towards a Prophetic Model for Unity and Transformation
Get PDFThis article explores the emergence of a prophecy called Te Umutaoroa (earth oven of long cooking), given to Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka by Te Kooti Arikirangi - a nineteenth century Māori leader whom the government wanted to eliminate. This was a discourse uttered by Te Kooti in 1886 and promised the restoration of all that was taken away from Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka in the mid 1880s and beyond. This article asserts that Te Kooti was both a prophet and transformational leader. This work is the beginning of a framework for hapū development based on the eight parts or promises contained within Te Kooti’s Te Umutaoroa prophecy. The purpose of this work is to scope out the ‘bones’ of a framework which aims for complete unity between Patuheuheu and Ngāti Haka, and through the united efforts of both hapū, development and positive transformation in the various contexts of the Waiohau community. 
He poroporoaki ki te rangatira nā tana irāmutu
Get PDFWharetoroa Robert (Bob) Kerr, a well-known respected elder from the Ngāti Mahuta tribe in Waikato, a man steeped in Māori history, knowledge and a repository of Māori lore passed away on the 29th of November, 2010 after enduring a long period of illness at the age of 93.
Husband to the late Beatrice Kerr, father to Peter, Hoturoa, Manny, Bunny and John and grandfather to many mokopuna. Wharetoroa was a man who was dedicated to preserving Māori language, customs and protocols. He spent his life supporting the Kīngitanga and frequently spoke on behalf of the late Māori Queen, Dame Te Ātairangikaahu. His passion was also rugby league especially with the Taniwharau Rugby League Club; he eventually became a speaker and elder for the New Zealand Māori Rugby League team. Following is an account of a formal speech delivered in Māori at his funeral held on his Marae, Te Kōraha, situated south of Kāwhia harbour, west coast of the North Island. Many from far and wide including the Māori King, tribal leaders, dignitaries and the like attended the funeral to farewell Wharetoroa
Honouring the Voices of the Ancestors - A Personal View of the Effect of Māori Language Immersion Education in Aotearoa-New Zealand
Get PDFMany studies have been undertaken which focus on identifying factors which impact on the participation and achievement of Māori students in post compulsory education and factors contributing to Māori success in tertiary education. (Jefferies, R. 1997; Tiakiwai, S.J. 2001; Nikora, L. W., Levy, M., Henry, J., & Whangapirita, L. 2002; Greenwood, J., & Te Aika, L. 2009), One of the factors identified as an institutional barrier is a lack of recognition of Māori culture and language. This article discusses the importance of university Māori language students being able to write their assignments, dissertations and theses not only in the Māori language, but in their own tribal dialects. Using a case-study approach of the authors’ personal experiences of primary, secondary and tertiary education, the case-study will focus specifically on the place of the authors’ tribal identity and dialect in this process. Dialect will be illustrated through samples of work submitted for the authors BA (Hons) dissertation, MA and PhD. This will also demonstrate the importance of writing in the community language, when conducting research on a topic related to that community, and this will be discussed in terms of reflecting a commitment to the survival of that community language and to increasing the corpus of work being produced in the Māori language.
This case-study, adopting a narrative approach, will demonstrate a positive outcome for both a university and a Māori student when a) the university provides the right pathways, policies and processes to empower Māori students to write in their native tongue; and b) the student has the courage and tenacity to continue writing in the Māori language and in their dialect, as a minority in the institution