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Joining the Histories of Labor and Security: Class Formation, Negative Integration, and State Security in Britain and Germany
Get PDFFrieden vermitteln auf neuem Terrain: Die Instruktion für Luigi Bevilacqua auf dem Friedenskongress von Nimwegen (1676–1679)
Get PDFThis article presents the text of the instructions imparted by Cardinal Secretary of State Alderano Cybo to Luigi Bevilacqua, the apostolic nuncio and mediator at the multilateral peace congress of Nijmegen (1676–1679). It also offers a historical contextualization of the source, found in the Archivio Bevilacqua Ariosti in Bologna. The instructions reflect a change in Papal diplomacy, which remained active among the European powers even after the peace of Westphalia. By sending a nuncio into Protestant territory, Pope Innocent XI’s curia increasingly tended to integrate itself into the secularising diplomacy. During the peace negotiations, the Holy See tried to fulfil its ideal role as a padre comune, entailing strict impartiality between the conflicting Catholic parties. The orders regarding contacts with Protestant actors and interests are an example of the flexible dialogue of a normative text with the changing circumstances of 17th-century diplomatic practice. Although the wording reflects the intransigent tradition of the Holy See, the instructions show clear signs that the Protestant presence at the congress was handled pragmatically. On site, Bevilacqua even tried to go further and expand the recently established norm in favour of an effective interaction with Protestants, but ultimately failed
Unter alliierter Besatzung: Das lange Ende des Krieges in Süditalien, 1943–1947
Get PDF[Vorerst nur Titelei, Inhaltsverzeichnis und Summary] Die Studie analysiert die von den USA und Großbritannien etablierte Militärverwaltung in Sizilien, Kalabrien und Kampanien ab dem Sommer 1943. Sie benennt Ziele, Aufgaben und Praktiken der Besatzungsmacht und beleuchtet ihr Agieren in den Wechselwirkungen mit der süditalienischen Bevölkerung. Besonders in ihren lokalen Spezifika gerät die Besatzung in den Blick, wobei ein Fokus auf den Handlungen der US-Besatzungsoffiziere liegt.[Vorerst nur Titelei, Inhaltsverzeichnis und Summary] Questo studio analizza l’amministrazione militare istituita dagli Stati Uniti e dalla Gran Bretagna in Sicilia, Calabria e Campania a partire dall’estate del 1943, identificando gli obiettivi, i compiti e le pratiche della potenza occupante e facendo luce sulle sue interazioni con la popolazione dell’Italia meridionale. Lo sguardo sull’occupazione è particolarmente incentrato sulle sue specificità locali, con un focus sulle azioni degli ufficiali di occupazione statunitensi.[Vorerst nur Titelei, Inhaltsverzeichnis und Summary] This study analyses the military administration established by the US and Great Britain in Sicily, Calabria, and Campania from summer 1943. It identifies the goals, tasks, and practices carried out by the occupying forces, as well as their interactions with the Southern Italian population. In particular it examines local features of the occupation, with a special focus on the actions of US occupation officers