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Signorie e monasteri nella Sicilia normanna: Le fondazioni di Simone del Vasto tra politica e devozione
Get PDFThis essay reflects on the role of monasteries in the process of defining the structure of the aristocracy in Norman Sicily, with the aim of contributing to scholarship on this theme on the island in the 12th century. The topic is addressed starting from an analysis of the political and devotional choices made by the Aleramici, the most important Sicilian lords of the 12th century, within their domains, where they founded or restored churches and monasteries linked to the Benedictine order and to Palestinian shrines. This made it possible to examine the processes underlying the establishment of the monastery of Santa Maria di Licodia in 1143, on the initiative of Simone del Vasto. As can be deduced from the study of the privilege issued by the island lord, this foundation had a multiplicity of motivations, principally religious and devotional, but also linked to the control and management of the vast Aleramic lordship. Established as a family monastery, this cenoby was granted by Simone to the abbey of Sant’Agata in Catania, one of the most important monastic and episcopal sees of Sicily in the 12th century. The extent of the lands assigned by the Aleramico, the rights granted to goods and men, combined with the initiative shown by the priors of the monastic community of Licodia, must have allowed Santa Maria to become an abbey in the early thirteenth century. Over the following centuries, it thus became one of the most important meeting places for the Sicilian aristocratic élite
Benevento and Salerno: The Rise and Fall of Capital Cities in Lombard Southern Italy between the 8th and 10th Centuries
Get PDFAfter the Carolingian conquest of the Lombard Kingdom in 774, the Duchy of Benevento became an independent principality. Duke Arechis (758–787) proclaimed himself princeps gentis Langobardorum, thus opposing the political authority of the new King of the Lombards, Charlemagne. During the second half of the 8th century, Arechis refounded Salerno as the second capital city of Lombard Southern Italy by building a palace which stood as a marker of his political authority within the urban landscape. When the competition between two factions of the Beneventan aristocracy led to a civil war (839–849), Salerno became first a gathering place for members of the faction opposing Prince Radelchis and then the capital city of a new Lombard principality. By considering both written and archaeological sources, this paper focuses on the social and political aspects that led to the urban development of Salerno and challenged the role of Benevento during the 8th and 9th centuries. Some final considerations contextualise the rise of Capua as a third capital city in Lombard Southern Italy during the 9th and 10th centuries
Beyond the “Hybrid Attack” Paradigm: EU-Belarus Border Crisis and the Erosion of Asylum Seeker Rights in Latvia, Lithuania and Poland
No full textWhile in the recent years violations of asylum seeker rights have been increasingly documented in EU Member States, the crisis at the EU-Belarus border has opened up a whole new chapter in this area. In response to the perceived migrant instrumentalisation by the Belarusian regime, several EU Member States – Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland – have openly introduced long-term and far-reaching legislative measures that severely restrict the right to seek asylum and formalise pushbacks – contrary to their obligations under EU law and international refugee and human rights law. This paper approaches the topic from a comparative socio-legal perspective. Apart from a legal analysis of the Latvian, Lithuanian and Polish domestic measures, it is based on interviews with NGO representatives, humanitarian aid volunteers and legal practitioners, as well as the non-EU nationals affected. The paper, first, offers an overview of Latvian, Lithuanian and Polish responses to the events at the border and looks at how the relevant measures affect the non-EU nationals involved. Second, it engages with the migrant instrumentalisation paradigm, relied on by the governments to derogate from EU and international legal framework, and explores the EU-level response to the crisis
