Sinkron : jurnal dan penelitian teknik informatika
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Hybrid Multilayer Architecture Integrating Suricata, Wazuh, and Cyber Threat Intelligence for Drive-by-Download Malvertising Detection
No full textMalvertising has emerged as a serious cybersecurity threat, leveraging legitimate advertising networks to deliver malware through drive-by-download techniques without requiring user interaction. Existing standalone network- or host-based detection solutions provide limited protection because they lack integrated visibility and contextual validation across detection layers. However, no existing research has specifically evaluated the integration of Suricata, Wazuh, and VirusTotal for endpoint-focused malvertising detection, creating a critical gap in multi-layer defense strategies. This study proposes a hybrid multilayer architecture combining Suricata as a Network Intrusion Detection System, Wazuh as a Host-based Intrusion Detection and Prevention System, and VirusTotal as an external Cyber Threat Intelligence source to provide correlated threat detection and automated mitigation. The system was evaluated in a controlled virtual laboratory consisting of attacker, victim, and SIEM environments replicating real malvertising scenarios. The results show that the proposed architecture successfully detected malicious payloads and completed an end-to-end detection-to-mitigation cycle in approximately 5-7 seconds while maintaining zero false positives under non-malicious conditions. This research contributes a practical and reproducible architecture for endpoint-based malvertising detection, demonstrating effective multi-layer correlation and rapid autonomous response. The limitation of this study lies in its reliance on signature-based detection and external API communication, which may reduce effectiveness against zero-day threats or offline deployments
Optimizing URL-Based Phishing Detection Using XGBoost and Relief Feature Selection
No full textPhishing is a significant cybersecurity threat in which attackers exploit manipulated URLs to deceive users and obtain confidential information. As phishing attacks continue to grow in complexity, automated machine learning based detection methods have become essential to strengthen digital security. This study proposes a URL based phishing detection model using boosting algorithms while analyzing the role of feature selection in improving classification performance and computational efficiency. The experiments were conducted on a dataset consisting of 10000 instances with 50 features and balanced class labels. After data preparation, 48 features were retained as input variables, and min max normalization was applied to ensure uniform feature scaling. Three boosting algorithms namely Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and AdaBoost were evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Among these methods, XGBoost achieved the highest accuracy of 98.8 percent, demonstrating its effectiveness in learning complex URL patterns. Subsequently, three feature selection techniques namely Information Gain, Chi Square, and ReliefF were applied and evaluated using 10 fold cross validation. The results indicate that ReliefF provides the most effective feature reduction by selecting 37 features while maintaining the same classification accuracy. Unlike previous studies that mainly focus on classifier comparison, this study demonstrates that integrating XGBoost with ReliefF enables significant feature dimensionality reduction without compromising predictive accuracy. This finding highlights an efficient trade off between detection performance and computational complexity. Overall, the proposed framework offers a robust, efficient, and scalable solution for fast and adaptive phishing detection in modern cybersecurity environments
Decision Model for Best Contraceptive Technique Recommendation Based on Patient's Ideal Profile
No full textChoosing the right contraceptive method is essential to support the success of family planning programs. Many patients still choose methods without considering their medical conditions, which can lead to failure or side effects. This study designed a decision-making model based on Profile Matching to recommend contraceptive methods according to the patient’s ideal profile. The dataset was obtained from Faskes Level 1 Udayana Denpasar. Validation was conducted through discussions with midwives as experts, referring to the KLOP KB Wheel as the standard issued by the WHO. The evaluation results show a high level of agreement between the model’s recommendations and expert judgments, indicating that the model provides more objective and easily understood recommendations compared to manual approaches
IoT Sensor Data Analysis for Early Fire Detection Using Dynamic Threshold
No full textEarly fire detection using Internet of Things (IoT) technology plays a vital role in minimizing potential material losses and casualties. Conventional systems generally still rely on static thresholds that are less adaptive to environmental dynamics, leading to high false alarm rates and delayed detection. This study proposes a dynamic threshold approach based on a hybrid method of Fuzzy Logic–Random Forest–Adaptive Z-Score and compares it with the static threshold method. Testing was conducted using publicly available secondary datasets, and the algorithms were implemented and tested in Jupyter Notebook. Evaluation was performed using accuracy, false alarm rate (FAR), detection time, F1-score, precision, and recall metrics. The test results show that the dynamic threshold method provides better performance with an increase in accuracy from 59.5% to 74.8%, a decrease in FAR from 31.1% to 14.3%, and a reduction in detection time from 21 seconds to 0 seconds. In addition, the F1-score increased from 0.459 to 0.638, precision from 0.473 to 0.716, and recall from 0.446 to 0.575. These results show that the dynamic threshold approach is more adaptive and reliable in IoT-based fire detection systems than conventional static threshold methods
Tourism Destination Recommendation Using Blockchain Technology and MCDM Approach
No full textThe rapid advancement of digital tourism services has revolutionized how travelers search and select destinations, yet privacy and trust issues remain major challenges in centralized recommendation systems. User data such as preferences, location history, and feedback are often stored on centralized servers, making them vulnerable to data breaches and manipulation. This research proposes a Blockchain-Driven Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Approach to develop a privacy-preserving and trustworthy tourist recommendation system. The proposed framework integrates blockchain technology to ensure secure, transparent, and immutable data management, while MCDM techniques such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS are employed to evaluate and rank tourist destinations based on multiple criteria, including popularity, cost, safety, accessibility, and sustainability. The blockchain layer enforces decentralized data verification through smart contracts and cryptographic consensus, ensuring that user privacy is protected without sacrificing system transparency. The experimental results indicate improved recommendation accuracy, reduced privacy risks, and enhanced user trust compared to conventional systems. The proposed model achieved 12.5% higher recommendation accuracy and 30% lower privacy risk compared to centralized models. This study demonstrates that combining blockchain and MCDM can effectively support transparent and fair decision-making in digital tourism, offering a scalable and secure foundation for next-generation recommendation systems
A Hybrid YOLOv11 and LightFM Model for Emotion-Driven Anime Recommendation
No full textExisting anime recommendation systems focus on genre preferences and viewing history without considering users' emotional states, leading to context-blind recommendations that may exacerbate negative moods and reduce satisfaction. Most existing systems employ outdated architectures with limited accuracy and lack diversification mechanisms to prevent filter bubbles. This study develops an emotion-based anime recommendation system integrating YOLOv11 for facial emotion recognition with hybrid collaborative filtering using LightFM and Maximum Marginal Relevance diversification. The primary novelty lies in seamlessly combining YOLOv11's superior emotion recognition, LightFM's hybrid matrix factorization for cold-start mitigation, and MMR diversification for preventing filter bubbles while maintaining emotional congruence. The methodology employed the KDEF dataset (3,597 images, five emotion classes) for training YOLOv11 with data augmentation, and the MyAnimeList dataset (744,330 interactions) for recommendation modeling. Emotion-to-genre mappings informed by survey data from 51 participants were implemented with MMR diversification to balance relevance and variety. The YOLOv11 model achieved 93.70% validation accuracy, outperforming CNN-LSTM approaches by 37.55 percentage points. The hybrid recommendation model demonstrated test AUC of 0.8567 and Precision@10 of 0.1457, representing 417% improvement over pure collaborative filtering, while diversification increased genre representation by 20.9% with minimal precision loss. This system demonstrates real-time applicability for streaming platforms through camera-based emotion capture and immediate recommendation generation, enhancing user engagement and emotional well-being. The integration represents a significant advancement toward affective computing in entertainment media
Comparative Evaluation of YOLOv8 and YOLOv11 for Student Behavior Detection in Classroom CCTV Environments
No full textMonitoring student behavior during classroom learning is important for supporting learning quality and teacher performance. This study presents a pilot comparison between YOLOv8 and YOLOv11 for detecting student classroom behaviors from CCTV images. Six elementary behaviors are consistently defined and used throughout the work: lookup, raise-hand, read, stand, turn-head, and write. The available SCB dataset contains 4,934 labeled images, but this study deliberately uses a front-facing subset of 100 images that best represent clear posture and behavior. After augmentation, the dataset grows to 220 images, split into 180 training, 30 validation, and 10 testing images. Both models are trained for 25 epochs on a T4 GPU with comparable configurations. At the detector level, YOLOv11 achieves higher mean average precision (mAP) of 42.9% compared to 28.9% for YOLOv8. At the behavior level, overall classification accuracy on the test set is 43.3% for YOLOv8 and 37.5% for YOLOv11. These results indicate a trade-off: YOLOv11 provides stronger bounding-box detection performance, while YOLOv8 produces slightly more stable behavior-level predictions on this very small and imbalanced dataset. The study emphasizes that these findings are exploratory baselines rather than definitive benchmarks, because the dataset is small and no statistical significance testing is performed. Future work must use a larger portion of the SCB dataset, more balanced class distributions, repeated experiments, and statistical analysis to obtain more robust conclusion
Forecasting Hotel Demand with Time Series Prediction Model Using Random Forest Regression
No full textThe tourism sector, as one of the main contributors to national foreign exchange, relies heavily on the growth of the hospitality industry. Improvements in this sector are expected to enhance service quality and strengthen the overall image of tourism. However, the hospitality industry is highly dynamic, with fluctuating room demand influenced by both internal and external factors, creating challenges for accurate demand forecasting. This study develops a hotel demand prediction model using internal variables (occupancy rate, reservations, cancellations, and lead time) and external variables (events and visitor numbers). The Random Forest Regression method was employed, with predictive performance evaluated through a proxy demand index. The dataset was obtained from Adiwana Unagi Suites, Ubud, Bali, covering historical time series data from November 2021 to July 2025 with a total of 18.674 transactions. Evaluation metrics included Mean Absolute Error, Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, and R-squared, applied to each hotel room type. The results demonstrate strong predictive performance, with R-squared values of 99.83% for test data, 99.95% for training data, and 88.24% for three-month prediction data, accompanied by low error values across all metrics. The lower performance in the three-month forecast may be due to the proxy demand index not fully representing actual demand. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of machine learning approaches, particularly Random Forest Regression, to support decision-making in hotel management. The model can serve as a reference for room pricing, allocation, and operational strategies, enabling stakeholders to adapt effectively to fluctuating market demand
Feature-Level Fusion of DenseNet121 and EfficientNetV2 with XGBoost for Multi-Class Retinal Classification
No full textAccurate and efficient classification of retinal fundus images plays a critical role in supporting the early diagnosis of ocular diseases. However, models relying on a single deep learning backbone often struggle to capture the multi-scale and heterogeneous characteristics of retinal lesions, leading to unstable performance across visually similar disease classes. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novelty feature-level fusion framework that integrates complementary representations from DenseNet121 and EfficientNetV2-s, followed by classification using XGBoost. The fusion pipeline extracts 1024-dimensional features from DenseNet121 and 1280-dimensional features from EfficientNetV2-s, which are concatenated into a unified 2304-dimensional feature vector. Experiments were conducted on a dataset of 10,247 retinal fundus images spanning six categories: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Scar, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Retinal Detachment, and Healthy. The proposed fusion model achieved an accuracy of 91.60%, outperforming DenseNet121 XGBoost (91.31%) and EfficientNetV2-s XGBoost (89.70%). Moreover, the fusion strategy demonstrated improved class-level stability, particularly for visually similar retinal disorders where single-backbone models exhibited higher misclassification rates. This study contributes a lightweight yet effective multi-backbone feature-level fusion approach that enhances discriminative representation and classification stability without increasing model complexity. In addition, the use of XGBoost introduces a tree-based decision mechanism that is inherently more interpretable than conventional fully connected layers, offering potential advantages for clinical analysis. Overall, the results highlight the effectiveness of multi-backbone feature fusion as a reliable strategy for automated retinal disease classification
A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning for Endurance Running Performance Prediction
No full textThis study systematically reviews the application of machine learning methods for predicting running performance, with particular emphasis on short-middle distance events such as the 5 km. Although machine learning based performance prediction has been widely explored in endurance sports, a comprehensive review synthesizing models, predictors, and pipelines across running distances remains limited. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 framework. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed using predefined keyword combinations related to machine learning and running performance. Studies were included if they focused on running (excluding cycling, triathlon, or other sports), applied predictive modeling, and reported model evaluation metrics. A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed using quality appraisal criteria inspired by TRIPOD and QUADAS-2. The analysis identified four main research themes: (1) application of machine learning models for running performance prediction, (2) physiological and anthropometric predictors, (3) non-physiological and contextual factors, and (4) personalized athlete training and monitoring. Ensemble learning models (Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM) consistently outperformed traditional linear regression by capturing non-linear interactions, while deep learning approaches (LSTM, GRU) demonstrated strong capability in modeling temporal training dynamics. A generalized machine learning pipeline for running performance prediction was also synthesized. This review contributes a structured framework that integrates modeling approaches, predictor categories, and evaluation strategies, and highlights research opportunities for explainable and personalized prediction systems, particularly for 5 km running performance