Sinkron : jurnal dan penelitian teknik informatika
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Mathematical Modeling of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Relaxed Time Windows and Delay Penalties
No full textThe Vehicle Routing Problem with Relaxed Time Windows (VRP-RTW) is an extension of the classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) that incorporates flexibility in service time windows. In VRP-RTW, vehicles are allowed to arrive later than the specified time window. However, a violation will be imposed for exceeding the specified time limit. in the form of fines or similar penalties. This research aims to design a mathematical model for VRP-RTW to minimize total travel costs and delay penalties, while ensuring that all customers are served within the capacity limits of the available vehicles. This research uses literature review methods and mathematical formulation approaches to describe the logistics distribution problem. The developed model considers several constraints, such as vehicle capacity, route balance, and service time limitations. The results of this research are expected to contribute to more efficient and flexible logistics distribution decision-making and serve as a basis for the development of vehicle route optimization models that can be applied in real-world scenarios
Association Rule Mining across Multiple Domains: Systematic Literature Review
No full textThis Systematic Literature Review (SLR) synthesizes 50 studies published between 2020 and 2025 that applied Association Rule Mining (ARM) across multiple domains, using the PRISMA 2020 framework. The review examines application areas, algorithm choices, implementation tools, parameter settings, and emerging trends. Results indicate that transportation and market analysis are the most prominent domains, followed by healthcare, manufacturing, and governance, with smaller contributions from tourism, agriculture, energy, and the environment. Apriori remains the most widely used algorithm due to its simplicity, FP-Growth is preferred for efficiency, and hybrid or modified approaches are adopted to address scalability issues. Python dominates as the primary implementation tool, alongside RapidMiner and R-Studio, with parameter thresholds generally adapted to dataset size and domain-specific needs. The novelty of this review lies in providing a cross-domain synthesis of ARM, filling the gap left by prior reviews that were limited to specific fields or algorithms. This broader perspective reveals temporal trends and recurring challenges, particularly scalability and interpretability, while identifying opportunities such as integration with deep learning, real-time ARM, and cross-domain adaptation. By offering a structured overview of developments in ARM, this study contributes both conceptual insights and practical guidance, serving as a reference for optimizing applications and informing future research directions
Cervical Cancer Classification Using Multi-Directional GLCM Shape-Texture Features in LBC
No full textAlsalatie, M., Alquran, H., Mustafa, W. A., Zyout, A., Alqudah, A. M., Kaifi, R., & Qudsieh, S. (2023). A New Weighted Deep Learning Feature Using Particle Swarm and Ant Lion Optimization for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis on Pap Smear Images. Diagnostics, 13(17), 2762. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172762
Arbyn, M., Weiderpass, E., Bruni, L., Sanjosé, S. de, Saraiya, M., Ferlay, J., & Bray, F. (2020). Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: A worldwide analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 8(2), e191–e203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6
Attallah, O. (2023). Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multi-Domain Features Using Deep Learning Enhanced by Handcrafted Descriptors. Applied Sciences, 13(3), 1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031916
Chaddad, A., & Tanougast, C. (2017). Texture Analysis of Abnormal Cell Images for Predicting the Continuum of Colorectal Cancer. Analytical Cellular Pathology, 2017(1), 8428102. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8428102
Díaz del Arco, C., & Saiz Robles, A. (2024). Advancements in Cytological Techniques in Cancer. In Handbook of Cancer and Immunology (pp. 1–46). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80962-1_385-1
Garg, M., & Dhiman, G. (2021). A novel content-based image retrieval approach for classification using GLCM features and texture fused LBP variants. Neural Computing and Applications, 33(4), 1311–1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05017-z
Huang, X., Liu, X., & Zhang, L. (2014). A Multichannel Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix for Multi/Hyperspectral Image Texture Representation. Remote Sensing, 6(9), 8424–8445. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6098424
Ikeda, K., Oboshi, W., Hashimoto, Y., Komene, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Sato, S., Maruyama, S., Furukawa, N., Sakabe, N., & Nagata, K. (2021). Characterizing the Effect of Processing Technique and Solution Type on Cytomorphology Using Liquid-Based Cytology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519335
Kaur, H., Sharma, R., & Kaur, J. (2025). Comparison of deep transfer learning models for classification of cervical cancer from pap smear images. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 3945. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74531-0
Merlina, N., Noersasongko, E., Nurtantio, P., Soeleman, M. A., Riana, D., & Hadianti, S. (2021). Detecting the Width of Pap Smear Cytoplasm Image Based on GLCM Feature. In Y.-D. Zhang, T. Senjyu, C. SO–IN, & A. Joshi (Eds.), Smart Trends in Computing and Communications: Proceedings of SmartCom 2020 (pp. 231–239). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5224-3_22
Mishra, G. A., Pimple, S. A., & Shastri, S. S. (2021). An overview of prevention and early detection of cervical cancers. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 32, 125–132.
Plissiti, M. E., Nikou, C., & Charchanti, A. (2011). Combining shape, texture and intensity features for cell nuclei extraction in Pap smear images. Pattern Recognition Letters, 32(6), 838–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2011.01.008
Raga Permana, Z. Z., & Setiawan, A. W. (2024). Classification of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Based on Combination of GLCM and L*a*b* on Colposcopy Image Using Machine Learning. 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC), 035–040. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAIIC60209.2024.10463256
Rastogi, P., Khanna, K., & Singh, V. (2023, August 8). Classification of single‐cell cervical pap smear images using EfficientNet—Rastogi—2023—Expert Systems—Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/exsy.13418
Singh, D., Vignat, J., Lorenzoni, V., Eslahi, M., Ginsburg, O., Lauby-Secretan, B., Arbyn, M., Basu, P., Bray, F., & Vaccarella, S. (2023). Global estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2020: A baseline analysis of the WHO Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative. The Lancet Global Health, 11(2), e197–e206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00501-0
Singh, T. G., & Karthik, B. (2023). Accurate Cervical Tumor Cell Segmentation and Classification from Overlapping Clumps in Pap Smear Images. In S. N. Singh, S. Mahanta, & Y. J. Singh (Eds.), Proceedings of the NIELIT’s International Conference on Communication, Electronics and Digital Technology (pp. 659–673). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1699-3_46
Strander, B., Andersson-Ellström, A., Milsom, I., Rådberg, T., & Ryd, W. (2007). Liquid-based cytology versus conventional Papanicolaou smear in an organized screening program. Cancer Cytopathology, 111(5), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22953
Wahidin, M., Febrianti, R., Susanty, F., & Hasanah, S. R. (2022, March 1). Twelve Years Implementation of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Program in Indonesia—PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9360967
Implementation and Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks for Product Sales Prediction at Basmalah Stores
No full textThis study aims to develop a product sales prediction system for Toko Basmalah located in the Malang Regency area by utilizing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm. A quantitative approach was employed, using time series sales data obtained from the Marketing Division of PT. Sidogiri Pandu Utama for the period of January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2024. The research stages included data collection and preprocessing, normalization using the min-max scaling technique, data splitting into training and testing sets, ANN model experimentation with various data compositions, and performance evaluation based on the Mean Squared Error (MSE) metric. The experiments were conducted five times using the Kaggle Editor platform. The results showed that the ANN-E model with a specific architecture achieved the lowest MSE value of 34.38%, making it the most optimal model for sales prediction. These findings are expected to assist in making better decisions regarding stock management, sales planning, and business strategies in the retail environment
Detection of Plastic Bottle Waste Using YOLO Version 5 Algorithm
No full textPlastic bottle waste management has become one of the most pressing environmental issues, especially in countries with high plastic usage rates, such as Indonesia. This research uses the YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once version 5) algorithm to detect plastic bottle waste automatically. The YOLOv5 algorithm was chosen because it has efficient detection performance and high accuracy in small object recognition. The dataset consists of 500 images of plastic bottles obtained through cameras and internet sources. The data is processed through several stages: annotation (bounding box and labeling using Roboflow), split dataset (70% for training, 20% for testing, and 10% for validation), pre-processing (resizing images to 460x460 pixels), and augmentation (adding data variations to improve model performance). Training and evaluation of the YOLOv5 model using the precision metric of 89.8% indicates the ability of the model to accurately identify plastic bottles from the overall prediction, recall of 83.1% indicates the success of the model in detecting the majority of plastic bottles in the test data, and mean average precision (mAP) of 89.2% represents the average precision at various prediction thresholds. Test results on varied bottle image test data obtained detection accuracy between 82%-93%, indicating the model can recognize plastic bottles consistently. Sometimes, this model needs help detecting overlapping picture objects. However, this research proves the potential of the yolov5 algorithm as an automated litter detection solution that will be integrated with a system and support faster and better plastic waste management
Predicting IT Incident Duration using Machine Learning: A Case Study in IT Service Management
No full textIn the digital era, ensuring customer satisfaction with IT services is crucial for business success. However, the complexity of IT infrastructure makes it difficult to manage services, requiring companies to focus on improving efficiency and reducing operational costs. One of the strategies used is Information Technology Service Management (ITSM), the main component of which is incident management, which aims to minimize service disruptions. While various studies on ITSM exist, research focused on Machine Learning models for predicting incident resolution times is relatively limited. This research aims to develop an incident resolution duration prediction model using a Random Forest Regressor-based regression approach. The dataset used is an event log from the ServiceNow system containing data on 24,918 incidents. The model was evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R2 metrics, where the model achieved a MAE of 14.33 hours, RMSE of 69.8 hours, and R2 of 0.98. These results show that the model can provide accurate predictions and support better decision-making in IT incident handling. Time-related features, such as sys_update_month and closed_month, proved to be the most influential factors in predicting incident resolution duration
Fraud Detection in Mobile Phone Recharge Transactions Using K-Means and T-SNE Visualization
No full textThe surge in digital transactions has introduced vulnerabilities in mobile recharge systems, making them susceptible to fraudulent activities that compromise financial security and operational integrity. This study presents to address these challenges by employing a novel fraud detection framework that integrates K-Means clustering and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (t-SNE) visualization. This work advances the field by integrating scalable, unsupervised learning techniques with robust visualization tools, offering a practical framework for fraud detection in mobile recharge systems. Leveraging a dataset of over 200,000 transactions, this research systematically identifies anomalies indicative of fraudulent behaviour, focusing on key transactional attributes such as processing times, geographic patterns, and error frequencies. The methodology begins with data preprocessing to ensure consistency, followed by the application of K-Means clustering to partition transactions into meaningful clusters. To enhance interpretability, t-SNE visualization is employed, enabling a clear representation of high-dimensional data and the identification of anomalous patterns. A comparative analysis with Autoencoders highlights the strengths of K-Means in terms of computational efficiency, interpretability, and clustering quality, as evidenced by higher Silhouette Scores (0.6215) and lower Davies-Bouldin Index values (0.7074). The combination of K-Means and t-SNE enables service providers to identify fraudulent activities with greater precision, offering actionable insights to mitigate financial risks. This study not only addresses the critical need for robust fraud detection systems but also lays a strong foundation for future advancements through the integration of hybrid models and enhanced feature engineering, demonstrating its adaptability to similar domains
A Comparative Analysis of Clustering Algorithms for Expedia’s Travel Dataset
No full textThe effective segmentation of travel data is crucial for deriving actionable insights in the tourism and hospitality sectors. This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of four clustering algorithms Agglomerative Clustering, DBSCAN, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), and KMeans on a travel dataset, using three widely recognized metrics: Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index, and Calinski-Harabasz Score. The dataset was preprocessed through standardization and dimensionality reduction via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to facilitate visualization and ensure computational efficiency. The results highlight significant differences in the performance of these algorithms. Agglomerative Clustering achieved the highest Silhouette Score, indicating superior cluster cohesion and separation, while KMeans recorded the highest Calinski-Harabasz Score, demonstrating strong inter-cluster variance. In contrast, DBSCAN performed poorly, producing low scores across all metrics, attributed to sensitivity to parameter selection and density irregularities in the dataset. Gaussian Mixture Models exhibited moderate performance but struggled with overlapping clusters due to limitations in modeling non-Gaussian data distributions. Visualization of clustering results confirmed these findings, revealing compact clusters for Agglomerative and KMeans, while DBSCAN and GMM showed less defined structures. This study underscores the importance of selecting clustering algorithms based on dataset characteristics and analysis objective
Comparative Analysis of Random Forest and SVM Performance in Asthma Prediction
No full textThis study evaluates the performance of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms in predicting asthma risk to identify the most suitable method for medical datasets. Key metrics include training time, testing time, forecasting time, error rate, and accuracy. The datasets involve attributes such as age and clinical factors, analyzed in three stages: training, testing, and forecasting.
During training, SVM demonstrated faster processing, requiring a maximum of 0.5323 seconds compared to RF's 3.7736 seconds on 90% training data. In testing, RF excelled in speed, achieving a minimum testing time of 0.0215 seconds, while SVM required 0.0984 seconds on 10% test data. However, SVM consistently outperformed RF in error rate, with a minimum error rate of 19.17%, compared to RF's 25.10%.
During training, SVM demonstrated faster processing, requiring a maximum of 0.5323 seconds compared to RF's 3.7736 seconds on 90% training data. In testing, RF excelled in speed, achieving a minimum testing time of 0.0215 seconds, while SVM required 0.0984 seconds on 10% test data. However, SVM consistently outperformed RF in error rate, with a minimum error rate of 19.17%, compared to RF's 25.10%
Assessment Of IDW And ANN On Daily Rainfall Data Imputation in Semarang Central Java
No full textRainfall plays a critical role in the global water and energy cycle, influencing surface water availability and recharge processes both spatially and temporally. Traditional rainfall data collection using ombrometers provides accurate live data, but often faces the challenge of missing data due to equipment failure or transmission, especially in agencies such as BMKG. This problem of missing data greatly impacts hydrological analysis and requires an effective data recovery process through imputation. This study aims to assess the accuracy of rainfall data imputation techniques using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods. In this study, we utilize data from 31 observation stations in Semarang City for more than three decades. The findings show that the spatial distribution of rainfall is variable and exhibits a cyclic pattern despite fluctuations. The ANN model performed very well in overcoming missing data, especially in the dry season with an RMSE of 0.9489 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9926. By demonstrating the superiority of the ANN model in accurately predicting rainfall, this study offers an effective approach to improve the quality of BMKG climate data. This is expected to support disaster mitigation decisions and sustainable development planning. This approach demonstrates that the selection of an appropriate method is critical for accurate and reliable analysis of rainfall time series data. In addition to making an academic contribution, these results also provide an alternative imputation method for various time series