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    3704 research outputs found

    What Are the Barriers to the Development of Convict Criminology in Australia?

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    The Not So Easy, Simple Solution

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    "Anti-Oppression Movement" (back cover)

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    Emotions and Carceral Spaces

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    Double Punishment and the Importance of Mutual Aid in Promoting Individual and Collective Safety

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    A distributed learning strategy improves performance and retention of skills in neonatal resuscitation: A simulation-based randomized controlled trial

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    Skill retention after neonatal resuscitation training is poor. A distributed learning strategy – where learning is spread over multiple sessions – can improve retention of declarative memory (facts & knowledge). Session timings are critical – maximal retention occurs when a refresher session is scheduled at 10-30% of the time between initial training and test. We hypothesized this also holds true for neonatal resuscitation, a complex skill set requiring both declarative and procedural memory. We conducted a prospective, single-blinded randomized-controlled trial. University of Ottawa residents were recruited to training in neonatal resuscitation, with a high-fidelity simulated pre-test, immediate post-tests, and a retention test at 4 months. After training, they were randomized to either a refresher session at 3 weeks (18% of interval) or at 2 months (50%). Technical and non-technical skills were scored using validated checklists, knowledge with standardized questions. There was no difference between groups prior to the retention test. The early refresher group demonstrated significantly improved technical (mean ± 95% CI: 22.4 ± 1.3 v 18.2 ± 2.5, p = 0.02) and non-technical (31.0 ± 0.9 v 25.6 ± 3.1, p = 0.03) skill scores in the retention post-test compared to the late group. No difference was seen with knowledge scores. We conclude that both technical and non-technical aspects of neonatal resuscitation performance can benefit from an early refresher session. Session timings are critical and should be tailored to the desired length of skill retention. Findings may be generalizable to other interventions that depend on mixed types of memory

    Communication orale et évaluation formative pour l’apprentissage dans les centres de littératie en immersion française

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    Using a Design-Based Research methodology, we examined the role and the use of assessment practices during the implementation of oral language tasks in literacy centers with elementary French immersion students. Since these French Immersion programs are designed to support second language acquisition, providing students with opportunities to produce extended output is important. We studied the ways by which teachers collected evidence of learning when students worked independently on oral language tasks during literacy centers. Five (n = 5) immersion teachers participated in the study, along with their students. Data collected included classroom observations, video recordings of students working on oral communication tasks, learning artifacts and teacher interviews (n = 15). Findings suggest that specific dimensions of formative assessments including the pedagogical applications of specific learning outcomes, the collection of tangible evidence of learning, and the subsequent reinvestment of students’ learning yielded important benefits is supporting oral language acquisition in literacy centers for French immersion students.Dans cette étude, de devis de recherche-développement, nous avons examiné la dimension formative de l’évaluation lors de la participation d’élèves de l’élémentaire à des tâches orales dans des centres de littératie en immersion française (IF). Le programme d’IF visant l’acquisition de la langue seconde, fournir aux élèves des occasions de produire de façon étendue est important. Nous avons observé la façon dont les enseignantes recueillaient des traces d’apprentissage auprès de leurs élèves, alors que ceux-ci travaillaient de façon autonome à des tâches orales. Les données ont été recueillies auprès des enseignantes (n = 5) d’IF et de leurs élèves. Ces données consistaient d’observations en classe, d’enregistrements vidéo, de preuves d’apprentissage et d’entrevues avec les enseignantes (n = 15). Les données ont révélé l’importance d’établir des résultats d’apprentissage précis, de recueillir des preuves d’apprentissage tangibles et de se servir de ces évidences d’apprentissage pour maximiser les apprentissages de l’oral dans les centres de littératie

    “Their Greek goes to waste”: Understanding Greek heritage language teachers’ language ideologies and instructional practices

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    Framed within critical poststructuralist sociolinguistics, this narrative study sheds light on the language ideologies and practices of eight Greek heritage language (HL) teachers in Greek schools in Montreal and Toronto. Examining the teachers’ ideologies and practices is important, as they can either engage or alienate HL learners. Engaging HL learners is significant, because for many of them the Greek school is their only opportunity to use the language. Language portraits, written tasks, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which were then analyzed narratively and thematically. The findings suggest that the teachers’ attitudes towards students and practices are largely shaped by their monolingual ideologies. The need for targeted teacher training is highlighted, to ensure that HL teachers are equipped to accommodate all their students’ needs.Ancrée dans le champ de la sociolinguistique poststructuraliste critique,cette étude narrative met en lumière les idéologies et les pratiques de huit enseignants de langue d’origine (LO) grecque dans les écoles grecques de Montréal et de Toronto. Il est important d’examiner les idéologies et les pratiques des enseignants, car elles peuvent soit engager ou aliéner les apprenants. L’engagement des apprenants est important, car pour beaucoup d’entre eux, l’école grecque est leur seule opportunité d’utiliser la langue. Des portraits linguistiques, des tâches écrites et des entretiens semi-structurés ont été utilisés pour collecter des données, qui ont ensuite été analysées de manière narrative et thématique. Les résultats suggèrent que les attitudes des enseignants envers les apprenants et leurs pratiques sont largement affectées par leurs idéologies monolingues. La nécessité d’une formation ciblée des enseignants est soulignée afin de garantir que les enseignants de LO soient équipés pour répondre à tous les besoins de leurs élèves

    Translanguaging in content and language integrated learning (CLIL): Practices in the classroom of a Chinese university

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    This article examines translanguaging practices in a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) classroom at the tertiary level in the context of mainland China. This exploratory study investigated an Englishmedium science course, which adopted the CLIL approach, in a Chinese university. Classroom audio-recording data (130 minutes in total) was collected to investigate the situations and the purposes of the teacher’s use of translanguaging. The results of the analysis show that the teacher uses translanguaging to provide background knowledge, deepen students’ understandings, improve teaching efficiency, engage students, and ensure classroom interactions. Implications for translanguaging in CLIL at the tertiary level are also discussed in this study.Cet article examine les pratiques de translanguaging en classes d’enseignement d’une matière par l’intégration d’une langue étrangère (EMILE) au niveau tertiaire dans le contexte de la Chine continentale. Cette étude de cas exploratoire a porté sur un cours de sciences donné en anglais, qui a adopté l’approche d’EMILE, dans une université chinoise. Des données d’enregistrement audio de la classe (130 minutes au total) ont été collectées afin d’étudier les situations et les objectifs de l’utilisation du translanguaging par l’enseignant. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent que l’enseignant utilise le translanguaging pour fournir des connaissances de contexte, approfondir la compréhension des étudiants, améliorer l’efficacité de l’enseignement, faire participer les étudiants et assurer les interactions en classe. Les implications du translanguaging dans l’EMILE au niveau tertiaire sont aussi discutées dans cette étude

    Mission possible: Incorporating academic literacy and readiness into an English intensive program curriculum:

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    Students at Canadian universities who do not meet their program-specific language and academic requirements may be admitted to their programs with a condition to enrol in an intensive language program. While, in general, university-based language intensive programs aim to help students improve their general and academic language proficiency, our focus is to specifically enhance, foster, and render visible students’ academic literacy and academic readiness. We aim to bring forth some of the intricacies and complexities of curriculum design that are embedded within current theory and practice and address needs based nuances in teaching academic English to international students. In this article, we use a multi-dimensional framework to describe a case study of an academic institution that offers an English Intensive Program. curriculum. This program allows for, inter alia, the incorporation of multiple literacies including extra curricular activities to promote the development of a wide array of academic literacies in students enrolled in the English Intensive Program. Following a description of the theoretical framework, we discuss practical implications of including theory driven academic literacies into intensive language program curricula for different stakeholders.Les étudiants qui ne satisfont pas aux exigences linguistiques et scolaires de leur programme peuvent être admis à leur programme à condition de s’inscrire à un programme linguistique intensif. Si, en général, les programmes linguistiques intensifs à l’université visent à aider les étudiants à améliorer leurs compétences linguistiques générales et académiques, notre objectif est d’améliorer, d’encourager et de rendre visible la littératie académique et la préparation académique des étudiants. Nous décrivons une étude de cas d’un établissement universitaire qui propose un curriculum programme d’anglais intensif qui s’inspire de la théorie actuelle pour conceptualiser le travail sur la littératie académique. Ce programme permet, entre autres, l’incorporation de littératies multiples, y compris des activités extrascolaires visant à promouvoir le développement d’une littératie académique complexe chez les étudiants inscrits au programme d’anglais intensif. Après une description de la lentille épistémologique, nous discutons des implications pratiques de l’intégration de la littératie académique dans les programmes linguistiques intensifs pour les différentes parties prenantes

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