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Confidence Intervals and Smallest Worthwhile Change Are Not a Panacea: A Response to the International Society of Physiotherapy Journal Editors
No full textRecently, a group of editors from physiotherapy journals wrote a joint editorial on the use of statistics in their journals. Like many editorials before them, the editors, who were not statistical experts themselves, put forth numerous recommendations to physiotherapy researchers on how to analyze and report their statistical analyses. This editorial unfortunately suffers from numerous mischaracterizations or outright falsehoods regarding statistics. After a thorough review, two major issues appear throughout the editorial. First, the editors incorrectly state that the use of confidence intervals (CI) would alleviate some of the issues with significance testing. Second, the editors incorrectly assume “smallest worthwhile change” statistics are immutable facts related to some ground truth of treatment effects. In this critical review, we briefly outline some of the problematic statements made by the editors, point out why it is too premature to adopt an estimation approach relying on a minimal clinically relevant difference, and offer some simple alternatives that we believe are statistically sound and easy for the average physiotherapy researcher to implement
Optimizing pre-clerkship medical education at the University of Ottawa: Optimizing pre-clerkship medical education
No full textCOVID-19 has brought forth unprecedented changes in the delivery of medical education. With concerns rising over a new variant and an upheaval in vaccine distribution, institutions have had to re-strategize and, in many cases, implement provisional shutdowns to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. For medical schools, providing an optimal balance between in-person training and virtual learning has been challenging. At the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, key components of the undergraduate medical education, including in-class lectures, interactive practical sessions, and clinical placements, have been affected by the pandemic. In this paper, we highlight barriers to an optimal learning experience among pre-clerkship students at the University of Ottawa and propose ways in which this can be overcome
Gamification in L2 teaching and learning: Linguistic risk-taking at play
Get PDFGamification is increasingly popular in second language acquisition research and has been correlated with higher motivation and engagement. The use of gameplay elements in non-game environments has been shown to be beneficial; however, research on gamification and taking linguistic risks is scant. A linguistic risk is an authentic communicative act that learners take in their second language and that can be considered “risky” due to factors such as making mistakes, etc. In this article, a Linguistic Risk-Taking Initiative (LRTI) implemented at the bilingual campus of the University of Ottawa was analyzed based on a gameinformed framework. An analytical tool drawing on existing research in the field was developed to evaluate the initiative. Based on the analysis, the LRTI passport booklet and digital app, which are central to the initiative, were found mostly aligned with gamification parameters but further improvements of the design of the initiative are needed.La ludification est de plus en plus populaire dans la recherche sur l’acquisition de langue seconde et a été également corrélée avec une motivation et un engagement plus élevé. L’utilisation d’éléments de jeu dans des environnements non ludiques s’est avérée bénéfique ; cependant, les recherches sur la ludification et la prise de risques linguistiques sont peu nombreuses. Un risque linguistique est un acte de communication authentique dans la langue seconde des apprenants qui est susceptible de présenter un défi en raison des facteurs liés notamment à la possibilité de faire des erreurs, etc. Dans cet article, une initiative de prise de risque linguistique (IPRL) mise en oeuvre sur le campus bilingue de l’Université d’Ottawa a été analysée sur la base d’un cadre fondé sur le concept de ludification. Un outil d’analyse inspiré des recherches actuelles dans ce domaine a été développé pour évaluer l’initiative. Selon l’analyse, le passeport et l’application mobile de l’IPRL, qui sont au coeur de l’initiative, ont été jugés conformes aux paramètres de la ludification en principe, mais des améliorations supplémentaires de la conception de l’initiative sont nécessaires
Meeting invisibilized needs: Youth refugees’ language and literacy development at the tertiary level in Canada
Get PDFCurrently, there is a knowledge gap vis-à-vis the educational needs and trajectories of youth refugee students at the tertiary level. Once admitted as domestic students, they are indistinguishable from other domestic students, invisibilizing them as a group, which impedes identifying their specific language, literacy, and socioemotional needs. Their indiscernibility as a group leads to a knowledge gap and absence of supportive policies. The purpose of this qualitative research study is to shine a spotlight on both these students’ language and literacy needs, and their educators’ professional development needs. Educators and key stakeholders in three institutions were surveyed and interviewed online to elicit their views and emic perspectives on key issues and challenges involved in youth refugees’ language and literacy learning, related policies and services, and their own professional learning needs. These results are first steps towards filling the gap in the literature, informing policy, and supporting educators and youth refugees. Il existe des lacunes en matière de connaissances sur les besoins des jeunes étudiants réfugiés dans l’enseignement supérieur au Canada. Une fois admis en tant qu’étudiants nationaux, il est officiellement impossible de les distinguer des autres étudiants nationaux, et d’identifier leurs besoins spécifiques en matière de langue, d’alphabétisation et de développement socio-émotionnel. Leur indiscernabilité se traduit par une méconnaissance de besoins et par une absence de politiques de soutien. L’objectif de cette étude qualitative est de mettre en évidence leurs besoins linguistiques, ainsi que les besoins de développement professionnel des enseignants. Plusieurs enseignants et intervenants clés ont été interrogés et interviewés afin d’obtenir leurs points de vue sur les problèmes et les défis linguistiques que rencontrent les jeunes réfugiés, sur les politiques et services, et sur leurs propres besoins en matière de formation professionnelle. Ces résultats visent à combler des lacunes et à soutenir les enseignants et les jeunes réfugiés
Estética de la ambigüedad y política en la antipoesía de Nicanor Parra
Get PDFLike all artistic expressions during the Chilean military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, antipoetry was forced to negotiate what could be said with what the poet wanted to say. The necessary negotiation that Parra’s poetry needed to undergo gave rise to many experiments with language, including systematic ambiguity, and the contestation of the authority of the author, anachronism, parody, irony, etc. These experiments are read in this article as a mechanism to avoid censorship and denounce dogmatism, thus, as a strategy to avoid the suppression of poetry’s right to say everything. I also refer to the range of effects these poetic techniques enact, and the logic they subvert.Como todas las expresiones artísticas durante la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet, la antipoesía fue obligada a negociar lo que podía ser dicho con lo que el poeta quería decir. Esta negociación dio pie a una serie de experimentos con el lenguaje, incluyendo la ambigüedad sistemática y la puesta en cuestión de la autoridad del autor, el anacronismo, la parodia, la ironía, etc. Estas técnicas son leídas en este artículo como un mecanismo para evitar la censura y denunciar el dogmatismo, es decir, como una estrategia para defender la libertad de expresión. También me refiero a los posibles efectos de estas técnicas poéticas, a la lógica que despliegan y a la que ponen en cuestión.Como todas las expresiones artísticas durante la dictadura militar de Augusto Pinochet, la antipoesía fue obligada a negociar lo que podía ser dicho con lo que el poeta quería decir. Esta negociación dio pie a una serie de experimentos con el lenguaje, incluyendo la ambigüedad sistemática y la puesta en cuestión de la autoridad del autor, el anacronismo, la parodia, la ironía, etc. Estas técnicas son leídas en este artículo como un mecanismo para evitar la censura y denunciar el dogmatismo, es decir, como una estrategia para defender la libertad de expresión. También me refiero a los posibles efectos de estas técnicas poéticas, a la lógica que despliegan y a la que ponen en cuestión
JO LABANYI . Spanish Culture from Romanticism to the Present. Structures of Feeling. Cambridge: Legenda. Selected Essays II. Modern Humanities Research Association, 2019. 349 pp.
No full textReseña de Spanish Culture from Romanticism to the Present. Structures of Feeling de Jo Labanyi.Reseña de Spanish Culture from Romanticism to the Present. Structures of Feeling de Jo Labanyi.Reseña de Spanish Culture from Romanticism to the Present. Structures of Feeling de Jo Labanyi
JESÚS PÉREZ MAGALLÓN. Soñando caminos: Moratín y la nación imaginada. Valencia: Calambur, 2019. 379 pp.
Get PDFReseña de Soñando caminos: Moratín y la nación imaginada de Jesús Pérez Magallón.Reseña de Soñando caminos: Moratín y la nación imaginada de Jesús Pérez Magallón.Reseña de Soñando caminos: Moratín y la nación imaginada de Jesús Pérez Magallón
Racial Discrimination, Cultural Processes, and Mental Health Among Individuals from Asian Backgrounds during COVID-19: A Narrative Review
No full textPurpose: The goal of this paper is to examine racial/ethnic discrimination among young adults from Asian backgrounds, the extent to which these experiences affect their mental health, and whether cultural processes and coping strategies mitigate the impact of discrimination on mental health.
Background: Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) originating from Wuhan, China, there has been an increase in discrimination and xenophobia directed towards Asians worldwide, most prominently in Western countries. Fear of experiencing discrimination can harm mental health. Perceptions of discrimination and ways of coping with it may be influenced by cultural processes, such as acculturation and coping strategies. For young people, the consequences of negative bias towards one’s group, in addition to facing COVID-19-related stressors, could be harmful to mental health.
Objectives: Racial/ethnic discrimination experienced among Asians living in Canada within the COVID-19 context and potential cultural processes (acculturation orientation, coping strategies) that might reduce the impact of discrimination on mental health.
Methods: Articles on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and racial/ethnic discrimination concerning the pandemic within the North American context were reviewed to examine the extent to which ethnocultural factors were addressed in the recent literature. Within the COVID-19 context, the discrimination experiences and well-being of young adults aged 17-25 years old were examined. To investigate whether cultural processes are associated with perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination, related topics such as coping strategies, acculturation orientation, and physical health, earlier articles were sought out, with a primary focus on Canada and the US. Keywords searched on Google Scholar, PsychINFO, and PubMed databases included Asian and Chinese racial/ethnic discrimination, COVID-19, Canada, coping with stressors, and Asian acculturation. Research on COVID-19 was examined from 2019 onward, while acculturation, coping, and discrimination articles from 1999 to 2021 were considered.
Discussion: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a decline in mental health worldwide. Select groups, notably those from low SES backgrounds, youth, and people from Asian backgrounds have been affected more strongly than the general population. Low SES groups have faced poorer health outcomes due to limited resources. Individuals from Asian backgrounds have been targets of xenophobic attacks, being blamed for the Coronavirus and accused of spreading it in the Western context. During this time, young adults have also experienced a massive shift in their daily routine of school and socializing, increasing their isolation and thereby affecting their mental health. To cope with the stressors, a variety of strategies have been used, such as social support and exercise. These strategies may play a particularly adaptive role in the mental health of people at risk of experiencing ethnic discrimination
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on young adults’ mental health due to social isolation and changes in daily routines. Most research on Asians in North America has been from the US with limited findings from Canadian samples. Findings regarding the specific mental health impacts that COVID-19 has had on individuals from Asian backgrounds, the stigma and ethnic discrimination they are facing, their coping mechanisms, and their mental health in Canada are currently limited. This dual threat for Asian young adults makes them particularly vulnerable in the context of the current pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19, Asian young adults, xenophobia, racial discrimination, acculturation, copin