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A FOGALOMALKOTÁSSAL KAPCSOLATOS PROBLÉMÁK AZ ÓKORI RÓMA JOGÉLETÉBEN
Get PDFConcepts are of great importance in jurisdiction. It was necessary to create concepts already also in the age of the XII tables. Although late Roman law strove for abstraction, it could not eliminate casuistry. In terms of conceptualization, it can be examined whether Begriffsjurisprudence and Interessenjurisprudence played a role in Roman legal life. The sources testify that in addition to methods of Begriffs- and Interessenjurisprudenz, Gefühljurisprudenz was also appeared in the responses of Roman jurists. In the course of the development of law, it can be observed that lawyers try to apply existing tools, which is why many legal concepts still used today originate from Roman law. It is clear from the practice of the Court of the European Union that judges are practitioners of Gefühljurisprudence, as they often decide cases according to their feelings without defining the necessary concept.A jogszolgáltatásban nagy jelentőségük van a fogalmaknak. Már a XII táblás törvény korában is szükség volt fogalmak alkotására. Bár a kései római jog törekedett az absztrakcióra, a kazuisztikát nem tudták felszámolni. A fogalomalkotás körében vizsgálható, hogy a Begriffsjurisprudenz és az Interessenjurisprudenz szerepet játszottak-e a római jogéletben. A források arról tanúskodnak, hogy a Begriffs- és Interessenjurisprudenz mellett a Gefühljurisprudenz módszerei is megjelentek a római jogtudósok responsumaiban. A jogfejlődés során megfigyelhető, hogy a jogászok igyekeznek a már meglévő eszközöket alkalmazni, ezért számos ma is használt jogi fogalom a római jogból ered. Az Európai Unió Bíróságának gyakorlatából kiderül, hogy a bírók a Gefühljurisprudenz követői, hiszen gyakran a szükséges fogalom meghatározása nélkül, érzés szerint döntik el az eseteket
Symbols used on ethnic maps in the early decades of the 20th century
Get PDFWhile most maps are a representation of the surface of the earth at a reduced scale, some maps known as thematic maps are a representation of data distributed on the face of the earth. Within thematic maps, ethnic maps make up a special group since they have played a large role in defining state borders, especially during and after the First World War when territorial demands were made which were justified using ethnic maps. Many different mapping methods have been tried and while many can give a very accurate picture their interpretation is time-consuming hence they cannot be presented to decision-makers. This paper presents those mapping methods together with their scale which are ideal to be used for decisions on borders and analyzes their accuracy
Fitness Landscape Analysis of the Cat Swarm Optimization in the Flow Shop Scheduling Problem
Get PDFThis paper presents a population algorithm, the Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO), and solves a scheduling problem, the Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS), with the algorithm. Cat Swarm Optimization is a population metaheuristic. It was developed for continuous tasks, but Flow Shop Scheduling is a discrete optimization task, so the algorithm had to be discretized. The article presents the test results and also performs analytical analyses using different fitness landscape analysis techniques
The VIKOR algorithm in material decision support
Get PDFThe paper presents how to deal with frequent decision conflicts between design criteria that arise when selecting complex materials. The results show that the VIKOR model, in this case study, can also be used for extensive exploration of trade-offs and design return points, such as changes in environmental, material performance, and cost characteristics for the decision maker during design. In this paper, we examine the problem-solving algorithm for implementation
A spindle system analysis using systems receptance coupling approach
Get PDFThe goal of this study is to dynamically simulate a turning-centre main spindle system utilizing the systems receptance coupling technique to determine the spindle system’s first three resonant frequencies in the event of transverse vibrations. The findings are then confirmed using the finite element technique using ANSYS software. The significance of analysing the spindle system described in this study is that it can be utilized to optimize the spindle system in terms of resonance frequencies for improved performance in terms of spindle vibration while the turning centre is in operation
SZEXUÁLIS NEVELÉS EGYES EURÓPAI ORSZÁGOKBAN
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to show how sex education is practised among young people in different European countries. Sex education is one of the most important areas of education, since sexuality is an integral part of human nature and has a great impact on the quality of our lives, on human relationships, especially relationships between couples, and therefore on society as a whole. In the sex education programme, which takes place in educationalestablishments separate from the family, social ideologies, philosophies of life and religious beliefs prevail with varying emphasis in different countries. In addition, the objectives and expectations declared by international organisations, in particular the requirements for the protection of women and children, and open communication of the health consequences play a major role.Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa milyen elvek, módszerek mentén történik az egyes európai országokban a gyermekek, fiatalok szexuális nevelése. A szexuális életre nevelés egyike a legfontosabb nevelési területeknek, hiszen a szexualitás az emberi természet elválaszthatatlan része, nagy hatással van az életünk minőségére, az emberi kapcsolatokra, elsősorban a párkapcsolatokra, és ez által a társadalom egészére. A családtól elkülönülő, oktatási intézményekben megvalósuló szexuális nevelési programban az egyes országok esetén eltérő hangsúllyal érvényesülnek társadalmi ideológiák, életfilozófiák, vallási nézetek. Továbbá nagy szerepet kapnak a nemzetközi szervezetek által deklarált célok, elvárások, elsősorban a nők és gyermekek védelme érdekében megfogalmazott követelmények, illetve az egészségügyi következményekkel való nyílt kommunikáció
Épületvilágítási vezérlés tesztrendszerének bemutatása DMX512 protokoll alkalmazásával
Get PDFBuilding automation is a complex and multifaceted process, the aim of which is essentially to provide a living space or living area that is both comfortable for its occupants and energy efficient. In general, this can be achieved by automating not just a few features, but all the physical parameters of the living space, and by managing the whole of the living space together with the building containing the living space. This is a very complex task, as it involves many different fields of science, and is therefore a time-consuming and detailed process to present and research. In this paper, I will present one possible way of lighting control using a WAGO PFC200 750-8212 controller and using DMX512 protocol. To create the test environment, I used 2 dual-channel S1-DR type AC Triac Dimmers, which are suitable for demonstrating the lighting control concept and can model the actual DMX network operation. Thus, building automation applications can be demonstrated.Az épületautomatizálás komplex és sokrétű folyamat, melynek célja alapvetően egy olyan élettér vagy lakótér biztosítása, amelyben a benne tartózkodók kényelme és az optimális energiafelhasználás egyaránt lényeges szempont. Ez általánosságban akkor valósítható meg, ha nem csupán néhány jellemzőt automatizálunk, hanem az élettér fizikai paraméterei közül mindent, illetve, ha a lakótér egészét a lakóteret tartalmazó épülettel együtt kezeljük. Ez igen komplex feladat, mivel a tudományok számos különböző területét öleli fel, így bemutatása és kutatása is időigényes, részletekbe menő folyamat. Ebben a cikkben a világításvezérlés egyik lehetséges módját mutatom be egy WAGO PFC200 750-8212 vezérlő alkalmazásával, DMX512 protokollt használva. A tesztkörnyezet előállításához 2 db kétcsatornás S1-DR típusú AC Triac Dimmert alkalmaztam, amely alkalmas a világításvezérlési koncepció bemutatására és képes a tényleges DMX hálózat működését modellezni. Ekképpen épületautomatizálási alkalmazása bizonyítható
Analysis of the situation of journals published in Hungary and indexed by Scopus in 2023
Get PDFThis year, Scimagojr has published its 2023 list of more than 28,000 journals. Almost half of the journals are published by Western European publishers; Hungary publishes the fewest number of domestic journals relative to its population among the Visegrad countries. Hungarian journals in the Humanities and Social Sciences are barely represented in the Scopus indexing database, on the one hand, due to the lack of a technical quality assurance protocol and, on the other hand, due to the lack of DOI identifiers. In this study, we examine the changes in the SJR of journals in 2023. Norway and China have both produced negative lists of journals with too high proportion of national authors. An increasing number of Hungarian authors are publishing in domestically published journals, which raises questions about their participation in international discourse.This year, Scimagojr has published its 2023 list of more than 28,000 journals. Almost half of the journals are published by Western European publishers; Hungary publishes the fewest number of domestic journals relative to its population among the Visegrad countries. Hungarian journals in the Humanities and Social Sciences are barely represented in the Scopus indexing database, on the one hand, due to the lack of a technical quality assurance protocol and, on the other hand, due to the lack of DOI identifiers. In this study, we examine the changes in the SJR of journals in 2023. Norway and China have both produced negative lists of journals with too high proportion of national authors. An increasing number of Hungarian authors are publishing in domestically published journals, which raises questions about their participation in international discourse
Bending of Curved Composite Beam with Interlayer Slip
Get PDFElastic two-layer curved composite beam with partial shear interaction is considered. It is assumed that each curved layer separately follows the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis and the load slip relation for the flexible shear connection is a linear relationship. The curved composite beam is subjected to uniform bending. The paper presents solutions for stresses, radial displacement, and slip. The end cross sections of the layered curved beam are loaded by zero moment force couples, as a result of which each cross section of the beam is loaded by zero moment force couple resultant.Elastic two-layer curved composite beam with partial shear interaction is considered. It is assumed that each curved layer separately follows the Euler-Bernoulli hypothesis and the load slip relation for the flexible shear connection is a linear relationship. The curved composite beam is subjected to uniform bending. The paper presents solutions for stresses, radial displacement, and slip. The end cross sections of the layered curved beam are loaded by zero moment force couples, as a result of which each cross section of the beam is loaded by zero moment force couple resultant
The impact of computer tool systems on design methodology processes and approaches
Get PDFThe aim of technical design is that the method used and the process followed produce a tangible result that provides an optimal solution to a given technical problem. The goal is continuous development, planning and control, which requires a large amount of mental, physical and financial effort. The driving force behind the system is based on the market and social needs as well as the continuous development of technical sciences. These demands force the continuous renewal of products and parts so that they can be reborn with a new appearance and new functions. From an economic point of view, unexpected costs can be minimized in the early phase of the design process, therefore a well-chosen design approach and design tool system can be key to achieve the success of the final construction. With the help of the tools of computer technology, various planning support procedures could be created, which, in addition to the methods of classical design methodologies, made the work of design engineers easier.The aim of technical design is that the method used and the process followed produce a tangible result that provides an optimal solution to a given technical problem. The goal is continuous development, planning and control, which requires a large amount of mental, physical and financial effort. The driving force behind the system is based on the market and social needs as well as the continuous development of technical sciences. These demands force the continuous renewal of products and parts so that they can be reborn with a new appearance and new functions. From an economic point of view, unexpected costs can be minimized in the early phase of the design process, therefore a well-chosen design approach and design tool system can be key to achieve the success of the final construction. With the help of the tools of computer technology, various planning support procedures could be created, which, in addition to the methods of classical design methodologies, made the work of design engineers easier