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Experimental investigation of the effect of the powder and the suspension rheology on grindability: ONLINE FIRST (pre-proof)
No full textThe grindability of raw materials is a key parameter of mineral processing. It is also very important for some kinds of secondary raw materials, such as the demolition and construction wastes. The Institute of Raw Materials Preparation and Environmental Technology of the University of Miskolc has been dealing with this topic for a long time. The Universal Hardgrove Mill and the Universal Bond Mill had been developed. With these devices the grindability can be measured at so called universal circumstances, namely at high temperature in any (acidic or alkali or neutral) medium. The rheological behavior of the ground slurry or suspension evidently affects grinding because of the well-known viscous dampening effect. However, the grindability of materials as function of the moisture content and rheology has not been studied on-line. Therefore, the grindability of a soft adhesive (limestone) and a hard non-adhesive (quartz) material was examined in the Universal Hardgrove Mill during room temperature dry and wet (in tap water) grinding. The powder flow behavior of the dry ground samples was measured in an FT4 powder rheometer, while the rheological properties of the wet ground suspensions were measured in a rotational rheometer
Discovering Process Models Containing XOR Branches
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the robustness of the process discovery algorithms implemented in the PM4Py library. We created synthetic event logs to serve as benchmark datasets for evaluating process discovery methods in terms of the complexity of the event logs. Specifically, we developed a test framework using process models containing XOR branches. For simple XOR branches, all the examined algorithms (Alpha Miner, Inductive Miner, and Heuristics Miner) effectively uncovered the underlying process models. However, for more complex scenarios with events occurring in varied structural positions, heuristic and inductive approaches proved to be more reliable
Az Eozinofil Granulomatosis Polyangiitissel (EGPA) patofiziológiája, diagnózisa és kezelése: The Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)
Full text linkAbstract:
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare systemic vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized vessels, characterized by eosinophilia, asthma, and granulomatous inflammation. The disease can affect multiple organs, particularly the lungs, skin, kidneys, nervous system, and heart. The pathophysiology of EGPA is complex and is marked by a T-helper 2 (Th2) response, overproduction of interleukin-5 (IL-5), and eosinophilic inflammation. Clinical diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity are conducted through laboratory tests and imaging procedures. New biologic therapies, especially IL-5 antagonists, have significantly improved treatment outcomes and the prognosis for patients. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the disease's pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options.Összefoglalás:
Az eozinofil granulomatosis polyangiitissel (EGPA), korábbi nevén Churg-Strauss szindróma, egy ritka, kis és közepes méretű ereket érintő szisztémás vasculitis, amelyet a perifériás vérben eozinofília, asztma és granulomatosus gyulladás jellemez. A betegség számos szervet érinthet, leggyakrabban a tüdőt, a bőrt, a vesét, az idegrendszert és a szívet. Az EGPA patofiziológiája összetett, a T - helper 2 (Th2) válasz fokozódása, az interleukin-5 (IL-5) túltermelése, valamint eozinofíliás gyulladás jellemzi. A klinikai diagnózis felállítása és a betegség aktivitásának megfelelő nyomon követése laboratóriumi vizsgálatokkal és képalkotó eljárásokkal történik. Az új biológiai terápiák, különösen az IL-5 antagonisták jelentős javulást hoznak a kezelésben és javítják a betegség prognózisát. Az alábbi közlemény részletesen tárgyalja a kórkép patogenezisét, diagnosztikai kritériumait és kezelési lehetőségeit
Hydrogen industry-related accidents and functional safety
No full textHydrogen is being touted as the fuel of the future and will play a key role in the transition to sustainable energy supply. This alternative energy source is gaining increasing attention due to its high energy content, zero-emission usability, and almost unlimited production potential. The widespread adoption of the hydrogen economy on a societal scale requires safe and reliable operation. In Hungary, expanding hydrogen mobility necessitates building a new refueling network, which poses safety challenges due to direct consumer interaction. Currently, accident statistics indicate approximately 10 hydrogen-related incidents annually worldwide, with significant regional variations in severity. The main obstacle to the technology’s adoption is the number and severity of these accidents, as hydrogen is a flammable gas and its use involves numerous risks. Safety is the most crucial factor for the smooth development and social acceptance of new technologies. In this article, safety solutions and risk management measures for hydrogen technologies will be discussed, with particular focus on simulation-based approaches to mitigate risks at hydrogen refueling stations.
Hydrogen is being touted as the fuel of the future and will play a key role in the transition to sustainable energy supply. This alternative energy source is gaining increasing attention due to its high energy content, zero-emission usability, and almost unlimited production potential. The widespread adoption of the hydrogen economy on a societal scale requires safe and reliable operation. In Hungary, expanding hydrogen mobility necessitates building a new refueling network, which poses safety challenges due to direct consumer interaction. Currently, accident statistics indicate approximately 10 hydrogen-related incidents annually worldwide, with significant regional variations in severity. The main obstacle to the technology’s adoption is the number and severity of these accidents, as hydrogen is a flammable gas and its use involves numerous risks. Safety is the most crucial factor for the smooth development and social acceptance of new technologies. In this article, safety solutions and risk management measures for hydrogen technologies will be discussed, with particular focus on simulation-based approaches to mitigate risks at hydrogen refueling stations
Innovative supply chain coordination possibilities
No full textThe aim of the study is to understand the challenges of supply chain coordination today, i.e. the factors that negatively affect the functioning of supply chain actors. To this end, the researcher will conduct a literature review to define the conceptual framework and possible tools of supply chain coordination and identify the most common coordination problems in business through an online questionnaire survey. The results are used to synthesise the information to create a model that visually presents the factors that inhibit coordination and the associated solutions to reduce or eliminate the negative impact of these factors on the supply chain actors.The aim of the study is to understand the challenges of supply chain coordination today, i.e. the factors that negatively affect the functioning of supply chain actors. To this end, the researcher will conduct a literature review to define the conceptual framework and possible tools of supply chain coordination and identify the most common coordination problems in business through an online questionnaire survey. The results are used to synthesise the information to create a model that visually presents the factors that inhibit coordination and the associated solutions to reduce or eliminate the negative impact of these factors on the supply chain actors
A biztosítási intézkedések múltja és jelene az adóvégrehajtási eljárásban
No full textThe precautionary measure, as a legal institution that can be used in advance, places the interests of the obligee (tax authority) under legal protection in such a way that, if the statutory conditions are met, it enables the securisation of a claim that is the subject of the main case and the possibility of its satisfaction at a later date by taking specific enforcement actions. It also prevents the taxpayer (debtor) from taking away his assets subject to enforcement by behaving contrary to the requirements of reasonable management and concluding bad faith transactions, and thus thwarting the success of the satisfaction enforcement. In my study, I emphasize presenting the development of the precautionary measure that can be used in tax enforcement and its current regulation.A biztosítási intézkedés előzetesen igénybe vehető jogintézményként a jogosult érdekeit helyezi törvényi védelem alá oly módon, hogy a törvényi feltételek fennállása esetén meghatározott speciális végrehajtási cselekmények foganatosítása révén lehetővé teszi az alapügy tárgyát képező követelés biztosítását, valamint későbbi időpontban történő kielégítésének lehetőségét. Ezáltal annak is gátat szab, hogy az adózó (adós) az észszerű gazdálkodás követelményeivel ellentétes magatartás tanúsításával, rosszhiszemű ügyletek megkötésével elvonja végrehajtás alá vonható vagyonát, és így meghiúsítsa a kielégítési végrehajtás sikerét. Tanulmányomban arra helyezem a hangsúlyt, hogy bemutassam az adóvégrehajtásban igénybe vehető biztosítási intézkedéskialakulását és jelenlegi szabályozását
Protection of Human Rights under the ECHR and Central Europe: Romania
No full textIn 2024, Romania commemorated 30 years since ratifying the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), a crucial milestone in its human rights development. This anniversary offers an opportunity to reflect on Romania’s integration into the European multilevel system of human rights protection, which fosters convergence across European states. The European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) view of the Convention as a “living instrument,” combined with Romania’s adherence to its evolving judicial practice, has helped the country align with the latest human rights standards, addressing systemic issues such as prison conditions, excessively lengthy judicial proceedings, judicial independence, and property restitution.
This chapter explores the historical evolution of human rights in Romania, focusing on the impact of ECHR ratification on the country’s constitutional framework and legislation. It examines Romania’s relationship with the Council of Europe and the role of landmark ECtHR cases in shaping national legal reforms. Additionally, the chapter assesses the ongoing challenges in implementing ECtHR standards and highlights the country’s progress. Importantly, it discusses the creation of a legal paradigm rooted in democracy, the rule of law, and the protection of human dignity. Ultimately, by Romania’s acceptance of international human rights norms, for the first time in the country’s history, real content and substance were added to existing nominal or formal guarantees, transforming abstract legal provisions into practical protections.In 2024, Romania commemorated 30 years since ratifying the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), a crucial milestone in its human rights development. This anniversary offers an opportunity to reflect on Romania’s integration into the European multilevel system of human rights protection, which fosters convergence across European states. The European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) view of the Convention as a “living instrument,” combined with Romania’s adherence to its evolving judicial practice, has helped the country align with the latest human rights standards, addressing systemic issues such as prison conditions, excessively lengthy judicial proceedings, judicial independence, and property restitution.
This chapter explores the historical evolution of human rights in Romania, focusing on the impact of ECHR ratification on the country’s constitutional framework and legislation. It examines Romania’s relationship with the Council of Europe and the role of landmark ECtHR cases in shaping national legal reforms. Additionally, the chapter assesses the ongoing challenges in implementing ECtHR standards and highlights the country’s progress. Importantly, it discusses the creation of a legal paradigm rooted in democracy, the rule of law, and the protection of human dignity. Ultimately, by Romania’s acceptance of international human rights norms, for the first time in the country’s history, real content and substance were added to existing nominal or formal guarantees, transforming abstract legal provisions into practical protections.In 2024, Romania commemorated 30 years since ratifying the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR), a crucial milestone in its human rights development. This anniversary offers an opportunity to reflect on Romania’s integration into the European multilevel system of human rights protection, which fosters convergence across European states. The European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) view of the Convention as a “living instrument,” combined with Romania’s adherence to its evolving judicial practice, has helped the country align with the latest human rights standards, addressing systemic issues such as prison conditions, excessively lengthy judicial proceedings, judicial independence, and property restitution.
This chapter explores the historical evolution of human rights in Romania, focusing on the impact of ECHR ratification on the country’s constitutional framework and legislation. It examines Romania’s relationship with the Council of Europe and the role of landmark ECtHR cases in shaping national legal reforms. Additionally, the chapter assesses the ongoing challenges in implementing ECtHR standards and highlights the country’s progress. Importantly, it discusses the creation of a legal paradigm rooted in democracy, the rule of law, and the protection of human dignity. Ultimately, by Romania’s acceptance of international human rights norms, for the first time in the country’s history, real content and substance were added to existing nominal or formal guarantees, transforming abstract legal provisions into practical protections
Protection of Human Rights under the European Convention on Human Rights and in Central Europe: Hungary
No full textThis study examines the protection of human rights in Hungary, with particular attention to its evolving relationship with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Council of Europe. The analysis begins by outlining the historical developments of human rights in Hungary, emphasising key milestones that have shaped the country's constitutional and legislative framework during its democratic transition and beyond. This historical context is essential for understanding Hungary’s current human rights commitments.
The analysis then turns to Hungary’s engagement with the Council of Europe, focusing on its ratification and implementation of core human rights conventions. These include Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture, the European Social Charter, and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. These international treaties play a vital role in shaping Hungary’s human rights obligations and influencing the development of domestic legal standards.
Further, the article addresses Hungary’s national implementation of the ECHR, illustrating how its provisions are reflected in the Fundamental Law and major legislative acts. Important law-making processes influenced by the ECHR are discussed, highlighting the impact of international human rights standards on domestic legislation.
Additionally, it reviews landmark cases brought against Hungary before the European Court of Human Rights, including Rekvényi v. Hungary on freedom of expression, Gubacsi v. Hungary regarding police ill-treatment, and Karsai v. Hungary concerning the right to respect for private and family life. These cases illustrate the ongoing challenges in meeting its human rights obligations and ensuring full compliance with European human rights jurisprudence.
In conclusion, the study stresses the importance of continued legal and institutional reforms, as well as active engagement with both national and international legal frameworks to strengthen human rights protections.This study examines the protection of human rights in Hungary, with particular attention to its evolving relationship with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Council of Europe. The analysis begins by outlining the historical developments of human rights in Hungary, emphasising key milestones that have shaped the country's constitutional and legislative framework during its democratic transition and beyond. This historical context is essential for understanding Hungary’s current human rights commitments.
The analysis then turns to Hungary’s engagement with the Council of Europe, focusing on its ratification and implementation of core human rights conventions. These include Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture, the European Social Charter, and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. These international treaties play a vital role in shaping Hungary’s human rights obligations and influencing the development of domestic legal standards.
Further, the article addresses Hungary’s national implementation of the ECHR, illustrating how its provisions are reflected in the Fundamental Law and major legislative acts. Important law-making processes influenced by the ECHR are discussed, highlighting the impact of international human rights standards on domestic legislation.
Additionally, it reviews landmark cases brought against Hungary before the European Court of Human Rights, including Rekvényi v. Hungary on freedom of expression, Gubacsi v. Hungary regarding police ill-treatment, and Karsai v. Hungary concerning the right to respect for private and family life. These cases illustrate the ongoing challenges in meeting its human rights obligations and ensuring full compliance with European human rights jurisprudence.
In conclusion, the study stresses the importance of continued legal and institutional reforms, as well as active engagement with both national and international legal frameworks to strengthen human rights protections.This study examines the protection of human rights in Hungary, with particular attention to its evolving relationship with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Council of Europe. The analysis begins by outlining the historical developments of human rights in Hungary, emphasising key milestones that have shaped the country's constitutional and legislative framework during its democratic transition and beyond. This historical context is essential for understanding Hungary’s current human rights commitments.
The analysis then turns to Hungary’s engagement with the Council of Europe, focusing on its ratification and implementation of core human rights conventions. These include Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture, the European Social Charter, and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. These international treaties play a vital role in shaping Hungary’s human rights obligations and influencing the development of domestic legal standards.
Further, the article addresses Hungary’s national implementation of the ECHR, illustrating how its provisions are reflected in the Fundamental Law and major legislative acts. Important law-making processes influenced by the ECHR are discussed, highlighting the impact of international human rights standards on domestic legislation.
Additionally, it reviews landmark cases brought against Hungary before the European Court of Human Rights, including Rekvényi v. Hungary on freedom of expression, Gubacsi v. Hungary regarding police ill-treatment, and Karsai v. Hungary concerning the right to respect for private and family life. These cases illustrate the ongoing challenges in meeting its human rights obligations and ensuring full compliance with European human rights jurisprudence.
In conclusion, the study stresses the importance of continued legal and institutional reforms, as well as active engagement with both national and international legal frameworks to strengthen human rights protections
The European Convention on Human Rights – the protection of human rights under the ECHR and Central Europe: Montenegro
No full textAlthough the Convention came into force in Montenegro on 3 March 2004, the Court began examining the first cases against Montenegro in 2009. To date, it has issued 71 judgments and 73 decisions concerning various conventional rights. A significant influence has been exerted on the legal system, particularly on the judicial practice of Montenegrin courts, regarding the protection of fundamental rights safeguarded by the European Convention. However, in our opinion, this is insufficient for the real and effective implementation of the rights prescribed by the Convention. Thus far, Montenegro has, responsibly and within the deadline, executed all the judgments and decisions of the European Court. However, despite ongoing trainings and seminars, judges, prosecutors and other legal practitioners in Montenegro lack a certain degree of courage and impartiality to implement the Convention.Although the Convention came into force in Montenegro on 3 March 2004, the Court began examining the first cases against Montenegro in 2009. To date, it has issued 71 judgments and 73 decisions concerning various conventional rights. A significant influence has been exerted on the legal system, particularly on the judicial practice of Montenegrin courts, regarding the protection of fundamental rights safeguarded by the European Convention. However, in our opinion, this is insufficient for the real and effective implementation of the rights prescribed by the Convention. Thus far, Montenegro has, responsibly and within the deadline, executed all the judgments and decisions of the European Court. However, despite ongoing trainings and seminars, judges, prosecutors and other legal practitioners in Montenegro lack a certain degree of courage and impartiality to implement the Convention.Although the Convention came into force in Montenegro on 3 March 2004, the Court began examining the first cases against Montenegro in 2009. To date, it has issued 71 judgments and 73 decisions concerning various conventional rights. A significant influence has been exerted on the legal system, particularly on the judicial practice of Montenegrin courts, regarding the protection of fundamental rights safeguarded by the European Convention. However, in our opinion, this is insufficient for the real and effective implementation of the rights prescribed by the Convention. Thus far, Montenegro has, responsibly and within the deadline, executed all the judgments and decisions of the European Court. However, despite ongoing trainings and seminars, judges, prosecutors and other legal practitioners in Montenegro lack a certain degree of courage and impartiality to implement the Convention
Az Európai Bíróság Paks II. ítélete
No full textThe Court of Justice set aside, following an appeal lodged by Austria, the judgment delivered by the General Court of the European Union in a case, and annuled the decision of the European Commission approving aid from Hungary for the development of two new nuclear reactors at the Paks nuclear power station site. Since the construction of the two reactors forms part of the object of the aid and the direct award of the construction contract to a Russian undertaking is inextricably linked to that object, the Commission should have ascertained whether that direct award, made without a public tender procedure, complies with EU public procurement rules.Az Európai Bíróság Ausztria fellebbezése alapján eljárva hatályon kívül helyezte az Európai Unió Törvényszéke által hozott ítéletet, továbbá megsemmisítette az Európai Bizottság azon határozatát, amely jóváhagyta a Magyarország által a Paksi Atomerőmű telephelyén két új atomreaktor fejlesztéséhez nyújtott támogatást. A Bíróság szerint mivel a két reaktor megépítése részét képezi a támogatás tárgyának, az építési szerződés valamely orosz vállalkozás részére történő közvetlen odaítélése pedig megbonthatatlanul kapcsolódik e tárgyhoz, a Bizottságnak meg kellett volna vizsgálnia, hogy ez a nyilvános pályázati eljárás nélküli közvetlen odaítélés megfelel-e az uniós közbeszerzési szabályokna