International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering, Science, and Management
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Brand Equity and Consumer Response in the Food and Beverage Industry (Cafés) in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFIn the competitive landscape of the food and beverage industry, brand equity and consumer response are crucial aspects influencing a café’s success. This study investigates the impact of brand equity dimensions (brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, and perceived quality) on consumer response (purchase intention and brand preference) in the Saudi Arabian café industry. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 300 university students in Hail City through an electronic survey. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression analysis in SPSS version 25.0. The findings revealed that brand loyalty and brand association significantly and positively influence overall brand equity, while perceived quality and brand awareness did not demonstrate a significant impact. A positive and significant correlation was also observed between overall brand equity and consumer response
Foreign Portfolio Investment in India\u27s Capital Market: A Comprehensive Analysis of Equity and Debt Flows
Get PDFThis research analyzes Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) trends in India’s equity and debt markets from 2019 to 2024. It examines the macroeconomic and global factors influencing FPI flows and their impact on India’s financial landscape. The study highlights notable fluctuations in FPI inflows and outflows, driven by geopolitical tensions, monetary policy shifts, and global uncertainties, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Through statistical analysis, the research identifies key patterns and correlations between FPI movements and domestic economic indicators such as interest rates, exchange rates, and market capitalization
Digital Literacy and E-learning Adoption Among Commerce Students: Challenges and Opportunities in Bhokardan
Get PDFThe rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed education, making e-learning a vital instructional method. However, its adoption in rural areas, particularly among commerce students in Bhokardan, presents significant challenges. This study explores the level of digital literacy among students and identifies the barriers to e-learning adoption, focusing on factors such as resource limitations, digital infrastructure, and student readiness. A sample of 100 students was analyzed using the Chi-square test to examine the relationship between digital literacy, resource availability, and e-learning adoption. The findings indicate that low digital literacy serves as a significant barrier. At the same time, limited access to devices and unreliable internet connectivity also hinder adoption, though their impact is statistically less significant. Despite these obstacles, the study highlights opportunities to enhance e-learning through targeted digital literacy training and improved access to technological resources. The results emphasize the need for strategic interventions to strengthen digital literacy and infrastructure, which could significantly improve educational outcomes in rural areas
Enhancing Biometric Security: A Robust Voice Frequency Detector with CNN-BiLSTM and Anti-Spoofing Mechanisms
Get PDFThis study introduces a Voice Frequency Detector (VFD) framework to enhance biometric password authentication by addressing key challenges such as spoofing attacks, environmental noise, and natural variations in speaker voice due to health, emotion, or aging. The system leverages dynamic vocal features including fundamental frequency (F0), Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), and formant structures, integrated with a hybrid CNN-BiLSTM deep learning model and attention mechanisms for robust spectral-temporal analysis. An anti-spoofing subsystem employs spectral flatness and phase distortion features to detect synthetic and replayed voices. The methodology involves signal preprocessing (Wiener filtering, voice activity detection), feature extraction, and score fusion by combining deep learning outputs with anti-spoofing results. Experiments on a dataset of 100 speakers and 1,000 spoofed samples demonstrate strong performance, achieving an EER of 2.8% in controlled conditions and 5.0% in noisy environments, with over 91% accuracy against replay, synthetic, and voice conversion attacks. Statistical analysis confirms that MFCCs are the most discriminative feature, contributing to 62% of the variance. The VFD framework offers a secure, adaptive, and practical voice authentication solution suitable for finance, IoT, and access control applications. Future enhancements may explore multi-modal integration and transformer-based architectures for broader applicability
An Analysis of the Variables Influencing Consumers\u27 Purchasing Decisions for Organic Food Items in Rajkot
Get PDFThis study explores the key factors influencing consumer behavior in the organic food market of Rajkot City. Empirical research reveals that price is the most significant determinant across demographic groups, strongly influenced by age, education, occupation, and monthly income. Age and income moderately affect brand perception, suggesting its relevance for specific consumer segments. Taste plays a crucial role, particularly among different genders, and is slightly influenced by education, highlighting the importance of sensory appeal in purchase decisions. While health benefits, environmental concerns, and organic certifications show limited demographic influence, they remain universal motivators for organic food consumption. The study also identifies key barriers: gender influences perceptions of limited availability, while age and education significantly affect awareness levels. Additionally, education impacts perceptions of availability, and occupation plays a role in consumer awareness. Notably, monthly income does not significantly affect any of the identified barriers. These insights contribute to a better understanding of consumer preferences and challenges in the organic food sector, offering valuable implications for marketers, policymakers, and businesses aiming to promote sustainable and organic consumption in Rajkot City
Axial Compression Behaviour of Steel Square Column Filled with Steel Fibre Concrete
Get PDFSteel Fibre Concrete-Filled Steel Square Tubes (SFCFSST) represent a modern and highly efficient structural system that combines steel’s strength and enhanced fibre-reinforced concrete performance. These columns exhibit improved compressive strength, ductility, and overall structural integrity by integrating steel fibres and expansive agents into the concrete mix. Although using such composite columns remains a relatively new concept, their potential to enhance seismic resistance, load-bearing capacity, and fire resilience positions them as a promising solution for future construction practices. In this study, axial compression tests were completed. According to the test results, the axial compression behaviour of columns increases with the proportion of steel fibres replaced. It has higher ductility than regular Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST) columns. In this article, the strength attributes of CFST structures were investigated utilising Steel Fibre in various proportions, i.e., 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% as partial replacements for Coarse Aggregate
Improving Concrete Strength using Jute Fiber Reinforcement with Surface Treatments
Get PDFThe significance of concrete in the construction sector may include strength and durability, but because of the low tensile strength and the cracking tendencies, its applicability is severely limited on many occasions. Fibers are also finding their way into concrete to counter such problems by enhancing their tensile strength, crack-bridging capacity, and general durability. This paper reflects on the effects of jute fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of concrete, in this case, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and workability. M20-grade concrete was mixed with jute fibers at 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% volume fractions and treated with three different methods: alkali (6% NaOH), acidic (2% HCl), and hot water (80–100°C). Workability of the concrete was determined by carrying out a slump test, and the mechanical behavior of the concrete by the compressive and split tensile strength tests. It was found that by the addition of the jute fibers, there was a decrease in the workability of the mixture, such that an increase in fiber content resulted in a decrease in the slump. The alkali treatment enhanced workability and fiber dispersion, whereas the acidic treatment had the greatest impact on the reduction of workability since the fibers are degraded in the acidic treatment. As far as strength is concerned, alkali-treated jute fibers resulted in the best improvements on compressive and split tensile strength, especially for low fiber contents. Untreated and acidic-treated fibers, on the other hand, were weaker, especially at higher contents, because fibers did not disperse well and were weakly bonded to the matrix. It can be concluded that alkali treatment on jute fiber reinforced concrete improves strength and durability to a significant extent
Public Libraries in the Digital Age: An Indian Perspective
Get PDFThis paper examines the state and challenges of public libraries in India amid the ongoing digital transformation. With over 75,000 rural and nearly 5,000 urban libraries, India’s public library network plays a crucial role in democratizing information access but faces significant issues, including funding disparities, staffing shortages, uneven ICT adoption, and limited digital resources, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The study examines staffing patterns, budgeting, collection development, ICT integration, and national policy frameworks, utilizing government reports and relevant literature. Findings highlight critical gaps in infrastructure, professional capacity, and policy implementation that hinder efforts to modernize. The paper recommends targeted investments in digital infrastructure, professional training, stable funding mechanisms, policy reform, and the development of multilingual resources to bridge the digital divide and enhance library services for inclusive lifelong learning
India\u27s Global Trade: A Comprehensive Study of Imports and Exports with Leading Trading Nations
Get PDFThis study presents India’s import and export patterns with its top ten trading partners. It aims to identify the variables that impact India’s trade ties and their implications for its economic growth. The paper examines trade data, market trends, and monetary policies. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of India’s international trade framework, focusing on key commodities, trade volumes, and bilateral trade agreements. The outcome shows how strategically significant these top trading partners have been in shaping India’s trade environment and provides insight into possible areas of policy action to improve trade performance. This study contributes to the understanding of India’s role in the global trade landscape and provides recommendations for fostering more substantial and equitable trade relationships
Assessment of the Water Quality of the Odugbo River in Benue State, Nigeria for Irrigation Farming
Get PDFFood insecurity remains a pressing global issue, particularly in rapidly growing communities such as Odugbo, which may face challenges in sustaining food supply due to increasing population pressure. To mitigate this, the adoption of off-season irrigation farming becomes essential. In this study, water samples were collected during the dry season from three points along a river in the Odugbo area: the upper course (P1), middle course (P2), and lower course (P3). Physical parameters, heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), and anion levels via titration methods were analyzed