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Dynamics of Urban Arboviruses Transmitted by Aedes Aegypti in Brazil: Integrative Literature Review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Urban arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti represent a growing challenge for Brazilian public health, with significant impacts in terms of morbidity and mortality, overload of health services and socio-environmental inequalities. Objective: Analyze the dynamics of urban arboviruses transmitted in Brazil as a basis for more effective control actions. Method: This is an integrative literature review, with searches carried out in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and BVS databases, using descriptors such as “arboviruses”, “Aedes aegypti”, “dengue”, “chikungunya” and “Zika virus”. Complete articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2018 and 2025, with a clinical, epidemiological, environmental or political focus were included. Data analysis was performed through thematic categorization. Results: Twenty-three studies were selected and organized into five categories: epidemiological patterns; environmental and climatic conditions; epidemiological surveillance and monitoring technologies; clinical aspects and complications; and prevention and control strategies. A progressive increase in cases, influence of socio-environmental factors, limitations in surveillance, clinical severity and weaknesses in the implementation of public policies were observed. Conclusion: The analysis indicates that the persistence of arboviruses in Brazil results from the interaction between structural failures and a fragmented institutional response. It concludes that strengthening epidemiological surveillance, combined with the integration of sustainable, evidence-based public policies, is essential to reducing the impact of these diseases
La lutte contre les "mauvais livres" au XIXe siècle, ou comment les catholiques ont contribué à construire le positivisme (1860-1880)
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The Cœlomic Microbiota Among Three Echinoderms: The Black Sea Cucumber Holothuria forskali, the Sea Star Marthasterias glacialis, and the Sea Urchin Sphaerechinus granularis
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, the bacterial communities of the cœlomic microbiota were characterized in three Echinoderms: the deposit feeder sea Cucumber Holothuria forskali, the herbivorous sea Urchin Sphaerechinus granularis, and the carnivorous sea Star Marthasterias glacialis. Samples were collected from the same habitat in the Glénan Archipelago (Brittany, France) at different times for 2 years. The cœlomic microbiota were analyzed by targeted metagenomic with V4-16S metabarcoding and by a culturable approach with the isolation of strains and antimicrobial activity assays. Most of the OTUs of the cœlomic microbiota were affiliated with the phylum Proteobacteria and, notably, five orders: Burkholderiales, Flavobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Vibrionales and Pseudomonadales. Significant differences were observed regarding richness, biodiversity and composition between species and sampling dates. They could be explained by sub-abundant taxa that represented the global diversity. Cœlomic microbiota also revealed shared and unshared bacterial communities, validating a potential “specific” microbiota among the three Echinoderm species. Moreover, significant variations of the microbiota occurred among the sampling dates, suggesting a plasticity and, thus, a potential selection of these microbiota. Finally, out of the 831 bacterial strains isolated from culturable microbiota, 20 strains exhibited antibacterial activities, most of them assigned to the genera Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio
Nursing Staff Representation in Brazilian Heath Management: An Integrative Literature Review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In recent decades, nursing has increasingly assumed strategic roles in hospital management, contributing not only to care delivery but also to the planning, organization, and evaluation of health services. The complexity of contemporary healthcare demands that nurse managers develop managerial competencies that go beyond clinical expertise, encompassing leadership, decision-making, and team coordination. However, the recognition of nursing as a key player in hospital governance remains a challenge in many contexts, especially in Brazil, where structural, educational, and cultural barriers may limit the full exercise of this role. Objective: To analyze the representativeness of nursing staff in Brazilian health management, identifying the required competencies, the challenges faced and the impacts of this role on the quality of care. Methods: This is an integrative review, with a qualitative approach, carried out in the SciELO, LILACS, BDENF and PubMed databases, with a selection of articles published between 2018 and 2024, in Portuguese, English or Spanish. The descriptors used were “nursing”, “hospital management” and “health leadership”. Results: The results were organized into three thematic categories: (1) the managerial competencies necessary for the role of the nurse manager, such as leadership, strategic planning, decision-making and effective communication; (2) the challenges faced in the exercise of management, highlighting work overload, scarcity of resources, team resistance and the lack of specific training in management; and (3) the positive impacts of the presence of nurses in hospital leadership, such as improvements in the quality of care, reduction of adverse events, increased patient satisfaction and appreciation of humanization in care. Conclusion: It is concluded that nursing has expanded its presence in hospital management, but still needs greater institutional recognition, investment in management training and organizational support. The appreciation of the role of nurse managers is strategic to promote more humane, problem-solving and integrated management models in care practices
Table ronde de la Semaine de l'Histoire, Enfances : « Avoir des enfants ou non » avec Carole Avignon, Emmanuelle Berthiaud, Antoine Rivière, Emma Tillich
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La noblesse protestante sous l'édit de Nantes (1598-1685)
No full textInternational audiencePendant près d’un siècle, la France a vécu sous le régime de l’édit de Nantes, le texte signé en 1598 par Henri IV pour mettre un terme aux guerres de Religion. Pendant une vingtaine d’années, les nobles protestants ont bénéficié de cette paix religieuse qui leur permettait d’exercer leur culte sans être inquiétés. Mais à partir des années 1620, les tensions n’ont pas tardé à renaître : reprise des guerres civiles en Languedoc, siège de La Rochelle, pressions du pouvoir royal pour se convertir au catholicisme, dragonnades… jusqu’à la Révocation décidée par Louis XIV en 1685.Comment les nobles huguenots ont-ils vécu ces décennies de légitimation puis de perte progressive de leurs libertés religieuses, militaires et civiles ? Jusqu’à quel point ont-ils pu s’adapter, soit pour continuer à faire carrière, soit pour vivre tout simplement en paix ? Pourquoi certains ont-ils décidé de résister à l’administration, voire de se révolter alors que d’autres ont préféré suivre leur roi ?Cet ouvrage, qui rassemble des spécialistes de la noblesse et du protestantisme, questionne tout autant l’identité religieuse des nobles que leur politisation. Il offre un panorama pluriel des noblesses protestantes, structuré autour de trois thématiques : le service du roi, la défense de la foi et le déclin du « parti huguenot »
La liberté d'expression du professionnel dans la communication d'informations aux consommateurs et aux autres professionnels
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Easing Optimization Paths: a Circuit Perspective
No full textAccepted at ICASSP 2025International audienceGradient descent is the method of choice for training large artificial intelligence systems. As these systems become larger, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind gradient training would allow us to alleviate compute costs and help steer these systems away from harmful behaviors. To that end, we suggest utilizing the circuit perspective brought forward by mechanistic interpretability. After laying out our intuition, we illustrate how it enables us to design a curriculum for efficient learning in a controlled setting. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/facebookresearch/pal}